2009年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)理工類(lèi)C級(jí)課程講義:詞匯(2)

字號(hào):

11.We should not sacrifice(犧牲) environmental protections(環(huán)保) to foster (促進(jìn))economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的) growth(增長(zhǎng)). (answer: B)
    A. reduce:減少,同義詞:decrease
    B. promote: v 晉升、提升、促進(jìn)
    C. realize(***):認(rèn)識(shí)到、實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃、了解到,常見(jiàn)搭配:
    Realize one’s mistake認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤;realize one’s hopes/plan/dream實(shí)現(xiàn)希望/計(jì)劃/夢(mèng)想;realize the truth of the event了解時(shí)間真相
    D. give:給予
    補(bǔ)充:foster是一個(gè)多義詞,除了“促進(jìn)”,還表示培養(yǎng)、培育、照顧、撫養(yǎng)(不屬于自己的孩子), 如:foster mother養(yǎng)母;foster parents養(yǎng)父母。
    請(qǐng)見(jiàn)教材上一道原題:
    Government(政府) health campaigns(健康運(yùn)動(dòng)) have fostered (培養(yǎng))an awareness(意識(shí)) of the dangers(危險(xiǎn),危害性) in certain social habits (某些社會(huì)習(xí)慣).
    A. included(包括) B. discovered(發(fā)現(xiàn))
    C. cultivated (培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)成, 種植莊稼,陶冶情操)
    D. discouraged:使某人泄氣,失去信心,反義詞:encourage:鼓勵(lì),請(qǐng)注意dis-是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的反義前綴。
    12.There is a growing(不斷增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一類(lèi)人,富人們) and the poor(窮人們). (answer: C)
    A. conflict:n 沖突、爭(zhēng)執(zhí)、(意見(jiàn)的)分歧、v沖突、抵觸
    a conflict of interests利害沖突;
    B. tension: n 緊張,同義詞:nervousness
    C. gulf: n 海灣、溝壑、分歧,常見(jiàn)搭配:gulf between A and B in sth
    There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education(教育) of their child.
    D. confrontation: n 對(duì)抗、動(dòng)詞:confront.
    一般用于: confront sb with sth讓某人面對(duì)(不快的或令人頭疼的事情)
    有關(guān)gap,還有一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的表達(dá):generation gap代溝
    13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(幫助). (answer: D)
    A. helpful:有幫助的,反義詞:helpless, 詞組:be helpful to sb
    He is always helpful to his mother.
    B. hopeful:有希望的,反義詞:hopeless, 常見(jiàn)搭配:be hopeful of/about對(duì)。。。抱有希望,如:I am hopeful of passing the exam.
    C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人憐憫的、可憐的,反義詞:pitiless: 無(wú)憐憫心的、殘酷的
    D .thankful:感激的、感謝的,反義詞:thankless: 不感謝的、忘恩的,常見(jiàn)搭配:
    be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth
    得出結(jié)論:同義詞的常見(jiàn)搭配也一樣,后綴-ful(充滿(mǎn)的)和-less(少的、幾乎沒(méi)有的)互為反義詞。(重要詞根?。?BR>    14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)
    A. shortly:adv馬上、立刻 I’ll be coming back shortly.
    B. currently: adv時(shí)下、當(dāng)前,同義詞組:at present = now
    She is currently in Beijing.
    C. lately(***): adv 最近,同義詞:recently
    How have been lately?近來(lái)可好?
    D. probably: 可能地,反義詞:improbably, 同義詞:possibly.
    presently = shortly = soon
    15.Attitudes to(對(duì)。。。的態(tài)度) mental(精神的) illness(疾?。?have shifted(改變) in recent years(在近幾年=lately). (answer: C)
    A. displayed: 展示、陳列某物,顯示、顯露 display sth to sb
    B. shown:原形show, 顯示、展示,此時(shí)和display屬近義詞。
    C. changed(***):高頻核心詞,含義豐富,改變、更換、交換、換乘、換衣服\兌換貨幣,等等。
    change one’s idea/attitude改變主意/態(tài)度;change one’s job換工作; change gear換擋; change sides改變立場(chǎng); change train換乘火車(chē);change dollars into RMB把美圓兌換成人民幣。
    D. demonstrated:v 證明、論證、表明、**
    16.I have been trying to(盡力) quit(停止) smoking. (answer: A)
    A. give up:停止、放棄,give up sth/doing sth, 如:
    My husband gave up(= quit = stop) smoking last year.
    B. pick up(***):撿起來(lái)、情況好轉(zhuǎn)、通過(guò)實(shí)踐學(xué)會(huì)(外語(yǔ)、技術(shù))、收取某物、接人、偶然結(jié)識(shí)某人等。
    C. build up逐漸發(fā)展、增強(qiáng)
    D. take up:占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)、從事某事、
    17.Relief workers(救援人員) were shocked (震驚的、吃驚的)by what they saw(他們所看到的). (answer: C)
    A. moved:感動(dòng)的 B. touched:動(dòng)人的、感人的(= moved)
    C. surprised: 吃驚的,be surprised at sth.
    I’m very surprised to see you here.
    D. worried: 擔(dān)心的、發(fā)愁的,同義詞anxious,搭配:be worried about
    He is worried about his exam.
    所以:surprised = shocked = astonished
    請(qǐng)見(jiàn)教材一道原題:
    We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name.
    A. frustrated (泄氣的) B. disturbed(打擾的、焦慮不安的)
    C. relieved (寬慰的) D. surprised
    18.The weather(天氣) is a constant (不斷發(fā)生的、不變的)subject (主題)of conversation(談話) in Britain(英國(guó)). (answer: D)
    A. question: 問(wèn)題、疑問(wèn)、詢(xún)問(wèn),常見(jiàn)的搭配:an open question未解決的問(wèn)題、允許公開(kāi)爭(zhēng)論的問(wèn)題
    B. problem問(wèn)題、難題,solve a problem解決問(wèn)題;
    C. title 名稱(chēng)、題目、標(biāo)題、頭銜
    D. topic話題、主題
    19.This is not typical (典型的、有代表性的)of English, but is a feature (特點(diǎn)、特征)of the Chinese language. (answer: B)
    A. particular:個(gè)別的、特別的、挑剔的,如:his particular problems他的個(gè)人問(wèn)題; particular importance特別的重要; she’s very particular about her clothes. (她對(duì)她的衣服很挑剔。)
    B. characteristic: 典型的,常見(jiàn)搭配:be characteristic of = be typical of
    C. remarkable: 不同尋常的、出類(lèi)拔萃的,同義詞:unusual = exceptional = extraordinary
    D. idiomatic: 來(lái)自于idiom習(xí)語(yǔ)、成語(yǔ);idiomatic符合語(yǔ)言或方言的特點(diǎn)的
    20.It is virtually (幾乎)impossible(不可能) to persuade(勸說(shuō)) him to apply for(申請(qǐng)) the job. (answer: B)
    A. simply:簡(jiǎn)單地、僅僅 I bought the house simply because it was very big.
    B. almost幾乎、差不多。 She is almost 40 years old.
    C. totally = completely = entirely 完全地、全部地
    D. completely = totally
    補(bǔ)充:persuade sb to do sth勸說(shuō)某人做某事