Better Control of TB seen if a faster cure is found
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their ____1____. Two million people die ____2____ it. The disease has ____3____ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to ____4____ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop ____5____ they feel better. Doing that can ____6____ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how ____7____ it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients ____8____. It would also mean ____9____ infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They ____10____ the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might ____11____ about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these ____12____ would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization ____13____ the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make ____14____ they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research ____15____ new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
詞匯：
bacterium ( pl. bacteria ) n. 細菌
tuberculosis n. 結核（病）
inactive adj. 不活躍的，非活動性的
antibiotic adj. 抗生的 n. 抗生素
alliance n. 同盟，聯(lián)盟
注釋：
1. World Health Organization (WHO)：世界衛(wèi)生組織
2. Harvard University ( = Harvard )：（美國）哈佛大學
3. DOTS ( Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course )：短期直接觀察治療
4. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development：全球結核病藥物開發(fā)聯(lián)盟
練習：
1. A) kidneys B) lungs C) bones D) livers
2. A) with B) without C) of D) out of
3. A) increased B) decreased C) changed D) disappeared
4. A) make B) take C) try D) test
5. A) as if B) as though C) as far as D) as soon as
6. A) refer B) apply C) lead D) amount
7. A) effective B) ineffective C) expensive D) inexpensive
8. A) cured B) to cure C) being cured D) having been cured
9. A) many B) more C) few D) fewer
10. A) provided B) introduced C) tested D) tempted
11. A) bring about B) contributed to C) promote D) prevent
12. A) increases B) reductions C) creations D) collections
13. A) developed B) invented C) delayed D) refused
14. A) easy B) uneasy C) sure D) unsure
15. A) with B) to C) onto D) into
參考答案：
1.B 結核病多發(fā)于肺部，這是一般的常識。
2.C die of意思是“死于某種疾病”，其它三個介詞都不與die搭配。
3.A 本句后半部說到，由于艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結核病的出現(xiàn)，那么根據(jù)推理，結核病自然應該增加，而不可能“減少”或“消失”。至于“變化”，不應該是結核病本身發(fā)生變化，而應該是發(fā)病率發(fā)生變化。
4.B 從本句的前后句可以推測到本句想說的是“病人每天必須服用幾種抗生素藥物”，而服藥只能選擇take，其它幾個動詞都不合適。
5.D 答題時請注意句首的But這個詞，顯然與上句意思發(fā)生轉折，而四個選項中as if、 as though都是“仿佛，宛如”的意思，as far as則是“至于…，就…而言”的意思，填在這里均不合適，只有as soon as （“一…就…”）才恰當。
6.C 本空白處后面有介詞to，雖然這幾個選項均可與to連用，但意思各不相同：refer to：談及，參考；apply to：接洽，適用于；lead to：導致；amount to：合計，總共達…，只有選擇lead才能使本句意思完整、準確。
7.A 只要用心注意上面那句話就可以很容易地找到答案，顯然本句想說“現(xiàn)在有一項新的研究想評估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大”。
8.A 本句考查的是語法。根據(jù)所給的動詞，我們可以猜到本句想說的是“Joshua Salomon說，療程較短的治療計劃可能意味著不僅僅是更多病人被治好”。這里從語法分析，應該是缺一個定語，修飾patients，cure是一個及物動詞，病人應是被治療者：B項to cure不能表示被動；C和D雖然有表示被動的意思，但是C是“正在被治療”，D是“已經被治療”，兩者隱含的時態(tài)在這里均不合適，只有A才是恰當?shù)摹?BR> 9.D 前句說到更多病人可以被治愈，根據(jù)推理，后句應該是“將感染傳遞給別人的傳染病人就會更少”，因為前后兩句實際上具有因果關系。這里必須用比較級fewer，因為few是表示“不多的，幾乎沒有的（= not many）”，而fewer則只是與以前比較“更少”，并沒有明確多少。
10.C 只有填C項tested（檢驗）才能符合上下文意思，其它三項不僅詞義不合適，詞的用法也不對。
11.D 空白處的上一句實際上起到提示作用：“兩個月的治療方案可以防止大約20%的新病例”，后句自然應是“也可能防止大約20%的結核病死亡”。其它三個選項詞義均相反。
12.B 上面兩句說到“可以防止大約20%的新病例和可能防止大約20%的死亡”，這自然是“降低”，絕不可能是“增加”，更不是“創(chuàng)作品”、“收藏品”。
13.A 空白處的上一句實際上也起到提示作用，可以推測，本句應該是“制訂DOTS計劃”，而四個選項中只有A項有“制訂”的意思，計劃也不可能是“發(fā)明”，從上下文分析，更不可能是“推遲”或“拒絕”。
14.C DOTS計劃其中就包含“直接觀察”的意思，本句中也說到“醫(yī)務人員看著結核病人每天服藥”，目的自然是要“確信他們繼續(xù)治療”，C項make sure正是“確信”的意思。
15.D research后面常用on或 into，偶爾也用 for或 after，例如：a research for/after facts（對事實的調查），但不與其它三個選項連用。
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their ____1____. Two million people die ____2____ it. The disease has ____3____ with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to ____4____ a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop ____5____ they feel better. Doing that can ____6____ to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how ____7____ it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients ____8____. It would also mean ____9____ infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They ____10____ the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might ____11____ about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these ____12____ would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization ____13____ the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make ____14____ they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research ____15____ new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
詞匯：
bacterium ( pl. bacteria ) n. 細菌
tuberculosis n. 結核（病）
inactive adj. 不活躍的，非活動性的
antibiotic adj. 抗生的 n. 抗生素
alliance n. 同盟，聯(lián)盟
注釋：
1. World Health Organization (WHO)：世界衛(wèi)生組織
2. Harvard University ( = Harvard )：（美國）哈佛大學
3. DOTS ( Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course )：短期直接觀察治療
4. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development：全球結核病藥物開發(fā)聯(lián)盟
練習：
1. A) kidneys B) lungs C) bones D) livers
2. A) with B) without C) of D) out of
3. A) increased B) decreased C) changed D) disappeared
4. A) make B) take C) try D) test
5. A) as if B) as though C) as far as D) as soon as
6. A) refer B) apply C) lead D) amount
7. A) effective B) ineffective C) expensive D) inexpensive
8. A) cured B) to cure C) being cured D) having been cured
9. A) many B) more C) few D) fewer
10. A) provided B) introduced C) tested D) tempted
11. A) bring about B) contributed to C) promote D) prevent
12. A) increases B) reductions C) creations D) collections
13. A) developed B) invented C) delayed D) refused
14. A) easy B) uneasy C) sure D) unsure
15. A) with B) to C) onto D) into
參考答案：
1.B 結核病多發(fā)于肺部，這是一般的常識。
2.C die of意思是“死于某種疾病”，其它三個介詞都不與die搭配。
3.A 本句后半部說到，由于艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結核病的出現(xiàn)，那么根據(jù)推理，結核病自然應該增加，而不可能“減少”或“消失”。至于“變化”，不應該是結核病本身發(fā)生變化，而應該是發(fā)病率發(fā)生變化。
4.B 從本句的前后句可以推測到本句想說的是“病人每天必須服用幾種抗生素藥物”，而服藥只能選擇take，其它幾個動詞都不合適。
5.D 答題時請注意句首的But這個詞，顯然與上句意思發(fā)生轉折，而四個選項中as if、 as though都是“仿佛，宛如”的意思，as far as則是“至于…，就…而言”的意思，填在這里均不合適，只有as soon as （“一…就…”）才恰當。
6.C 本空白處后面有介詞to，雖然這幾個選項均可與to連用，但意思各不相同：refer to：談及，參考；apply to：接洽，適用于；lead to：導致；amount to：合計，總共達…，只有選擇lead才能使本句意思完整、準確。
7.A 只要用心注意上面那句話就可以很容易地找到答案，顯然本句想說“現(xiàn)在有一項新的研究想評估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大”。
8.A 本句考查的是語法。根據(jù)所給的動詞，我們可以猜到本句想說的是“Joshua Salomon說，療程較短的治療計劃可能意味著不僅僅是更多病人被治好”。這里從語法分析，應該是缺一個定語，修飾patients，cure是一個及物動詞，病人應是被治療者：B項to cure不能表示被動；C和D雖然有表示被動的意思，但是C是“正在被治療”，D是“已經被治療”，兩者隱含的時態(tài)在這里均不合適，只有A才是恰當?shù)摹?BR> 9.D 前句說到更多病人可以被治愈，根據(jù)推理，后句應該是“將感染傳遞給別人的傳染病人就會更少”，因為前后兩句實際上具有因果關系。這里必須用比較級fewer，因為few是表示“不多的，幾乎沒有的（= not many）”，而fewer則只是與以前比較“更少”，并沒有明確多少。
10.C 只有填C項tested（檢驗）才能符合上下文意思，其它三項不僅詞義不合適，詞的用法也不對。
11.D 空白處的上一句實際上起到提示作用：“兩個月的治療方案可以防止大約20%的新病例”，后句自然應是“也可能防止大約20%的結核病死亡”。其它三個選項詞義均相反。
12.B 上面兩句說到“可以防止大約20%的新病例和可能防止大約20%的死亡”，這自然是“降低”，絕不可能是“增加”，更不是“創(chuàng)作品”、“收藏品”。
13.A 空白處的上一句實際上也起到提示作用，可以推測，本句應該是“制訂DOTS計劃”，而四個選項中只有A項有“制訂”的意思，計劃也不可能是“發(fā)明”，從上下文分析，更不可能是“推遲”或“拒絕”。
14.C DOTS計劃其中就包含“直接觀察”的意思，本句中也說到“醫(yī)務人員看著結核病人每天服藥”，目的自然是要“確信他們繼續(xù)治療”，C項make sure正是“確信”的意思。
15.D research后面常用on或 into，偶爾也用 for或 after，例如：a research for/after facts（對事實的調查），但不與其它三個選項連用。