(八)動(dòng)詞
1.動(dòng)詞的概念及種類 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，按在句中的功用分為以下四種：
類別 用法及意戶 例詞 例句與說明
實(shí)
義
動(dòng)
詞 及物動(dòng)詞（vt.） 表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整詞義，后接賓語，能單獨(dú)作謂語 like, enjoy,
watch, want She likes watching TV.
Do you enjoy listening to music?
不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.) 表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整詞義，后接賓語，能單獨(dú)作謂語 rise, come, arrive, happen That story happened last year.
When did Tom arrive?
連系動(dòng)詞 本身有詞義，但須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語 表示“是”，“仍是” be, stay, remain She remains a teacher.
表“變得” become, get, grow, fall, go,turn It’s getting warm.
表“聽/看/聞/摸/嘗 起來” sound / look / smell / feel / taste That sounds a good idea.
It tastes delicious.
表“似乎”,“好象” seem,appear He seems all right.
助動(dòng)詞 本身無意義不單獨(dú)作謂語 謂語動(dòng)詞是單獨(dú)的行為動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過去時(shí)的句中幫助構(gòu)成否定或疑問 Do, Does, Did(位于句首構(gòu)成一般問句) Does he speak English?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
He doesn’t speak English.
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于謂語動(dòng)詞前來表否定) Jane didn’t go to school yesterday.
與doing連用構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí) be (not) doing She is doing her homework now.
與done連用構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài) be done The tree was planed last year.
與done連用構(gòu)成完成時(shí) have / has / had done She has gone back.
后接動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成將來時(shí) will/ shall do I shall do it.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 本身有意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，與主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起表示說話人的語氣，情態(tài)，沒有人稱、數(shù)的變化。 表“能夠” can/could(沒其他形式)
be able to(有各種時(shí)態(tài)與形式) Jane could swim when she was six.
I’ll be able to speak French next year.
表“許可” may(較正式)
can(口語) You may smoke here.
“can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以
表“請(qǐng)求許可” can/could(用于一、二人稱)
may/might(用于第一人稱) Can you help me?
May I help you?=Can I help you?
表“可能” can/could
may/might(不用于問句) “can’t”只用于否定
“may not / might not”不可能
表“必須” must
have to(可有各種時(shí)態(tài)) “mustn’t”意為“不可以”，表禁止
“don’t/doesn’t have to”意為“不必”
表“應(yīng)該” should,ought to有義務(wù)
be supposed to shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不應(yīng)該
are not supposed to不應(yīng)該
表“一定” must Tom must be late.
表“需要” need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句，疑問句或條件從句
作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于肯定句
表“敢”
表“請(qǐng)求指示” dare
shall I / we / he…？ —“Shall I open the door”?
—“Sure,please.”
Where shall we meet?
表“向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求” Will / Would you please? —“Will you please open the door?”
—“Sure.”
詢問對(duì)方的意思 Would you like to…? —“Would you like to try one more.”
—“No,thank you.”
表說話人的意愿 shall You shall be back at ten。
“命令、允諾、強(qiáng)制”等，用于二、三人稱 He shall obey the rules.
表“意愿”，用于各人稱 will/would I will answer the phone.
表“過去常常習(xí)慣于” used to 過去曾有的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)；過去的習(xí)慣，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于would；表次數(shù)時(shí)不用。
would 表過去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語；表過去的次數(shù)時(shí)不用。
表“祝愿” may May you succeed.
2．動(dòng)詞的基本形式及變化規(guī)則如下表：
情況/形式 原形 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式 過去分詞
一般情況 talk 加-ing
talking 加-ed
talked 加-ed
talked
以e結(jié)尾 remove 去e加-ing
removing 加-d
removed 加-d
removed
以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾 carry 加-ing
carrying 改y為i加-ed
carried 改y為i再加-ed
carried
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞 stop 雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母加-ing
stopping
雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母再加-ed
stopped 雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母再加-ed
stopped
以s,x,sh,ch[tF]結(jié)尾的詞 watch 加-ing
watching 加-ed
watched 加-ed
watched
以ie結(jié)尾的詞 tie 改ie為y再加-ing
tying 加-d
tied 加-d
3．動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)
態(tài) 基本用法 常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語 例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 習(xí)慣性或常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) in the morning / evening / afternoon,
every day / month/year / morning.
sometimes, often, always, usually, frequently, eldom, ever, never, once,in a while, from time to time, today, these days, this week / month / year, now, etc He reads French every morning.
表能力，性格，特征等 Joan is a nice person.
普遍真理的表述 The moon turns round the earth.
劇本、圖、文的解說 The scene changes back to the park.
按時(shí)刻表，計(jì)劃決定好了的事 The train leaves at 8:00.
在“時(shí)間，條件，方式，讓步狀語從句”中表“將來”動(dòng)作 I’ll call you as soon as I get the park.
You won’t be able to pass the exam unless you work hard.
一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 具體的過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) ...ago,just now,in 1976/1989,
yesterday
last Sunday / month / week / year, the day before yesterday, the other day,once, in those days / years,once upon a time, earlier, this month / week / year, then, sometimes, often, always, etc. Mary was here a moment ago.
過去常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，特征 He often went to Shanghai last year.
在“虛擬語氣”中表“現(xiàn)在/將來”的情況 He talks as if he were my teacher.
在“委婉”用語中表“現(xiàn)在/將來”,常與“could/would”連用在“時(shí)間，條件，讓步”等狀語從句中表“過去將來” I hoped you could help me.
They planned to go out if it was fine the next day.
一般將來時(shí)態(tài) shall(’ll)用于第一人稱will(’ll)用于各人稱，表示“將會(huì)”“意愿” tomorrow, in 2010, next morning / year / week / month / time, in turn, soon, before long, in the year, to come, from now on,one day, some day, from now on, sometime in the future, in a few hours / days, the day after tomorrow, this evening, this afternoon, etc. I shall do it tomorrow morning.
She’ll have to go there by herself.
“am/is/are going to+v.原”表“即將發(fā)生，打算做” It looks as if it’s going to rain.
“is/am/are doing”表“計(jì)劃，安排” He’s leaving for Guangdong tomorrow.
“is/am/are about to+v.原”“表即將就要發(fā)生/做” She is about to go to school.
“is/am/are to+v.原” “表計(jì)劃決定，要求，命令，傳達(dá)命令指示等” You are to stay in the hotel.
Your boyfriend told you.
過去將來時(shí)態(tài) “should+v.原/would+v.原”表過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)”。常用于從句或引語中 常用于狀語從句、名詞性從句或間接引語中。 She said she would vote for me.
She said she wouldn’t vote for me.
“were/was going to+v.原”表“過去即將發(fā)生或打算要做” She said it was going to rain soon.
“was/were+v.-ing”表“過去的計(jì)劃，安排” I wondered when the plane was arriving.
“was/were about to+v.” 原表“過去即將，就要” I was about to go out when the phone rang.
“was/were to+v.原”表“過去的計(jì)劃決定，要求命令等” He told us they were to hold a meeting the next day.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 說話時(shí)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 now, at present, these days,
this morning / week / month, during this season, Look! Listen! etc.
always, constantly, frequently, all the time He is playing basketball now.
現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 I’m writing a book these days.
表“計(jì)劃安排好的將來動(dòng)作” She’s flying to Paris tomorrow.
表“反復(fù)經(jīng)?！钡膭?dòng)作，常與always等連用，有責(zé)備，高興等較濃的感情色彩。 They are always talking in meeting.
He is constantly leaving things about.
在here/there引起的句子中可用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表進(jìn)行。 Here comes the bus.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 過去某一時(shí)刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 this time yesterday, at that time, then,
all morning, at that moment, the whole
night, during…, when I came in, etc What were you doing at that moment?
過去某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 Last year we were building the library.
在過去看來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 He wondered whether she was leaving.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 過去開始的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/…ago/從句；for+時(shí)段；in the past/last five years
once, twice, three times, many times
before, ever, never so far,by now, lately, recently, just, already, yet I have lived here for six years.
在現(xiàn)在為止一個(gè)動(dòng)作狀態(tài)已多次發(fā)生 I’ve seen the film four times.
到現(xiàn)在為止時(shí)的一動(dòng)作狀態(tài)經(jīng)歷 I’ve never been to America.
過去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響 He has just come back.
4．動(dòng)詞的語態(tài):
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有主動(dòng)語態(tài)（主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者）。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be/get(助動(dòng)詞)+過去分詞構(gòu)成，be/get體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化。主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)保持不變；動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由“by短語”表示；get+過去分詞側(cè)重動(dòng)作的效果，通常不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過去時(shí)變否定式，疑問時(shí)要借助助動(dòng)詞。
They make bikes.
Bikes are made by them.
When did she get married?
How did the window get broken?
注意：
（1）不及物動(dòng)詞一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
The sun sets in the west.
易錯(cuò)的常見的不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞有：rise, set, happen, break out, take place, fall, lie, die, etc.
（2）主動(dòng)句帶雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的句子，可將“間接賓語”或“直接賓語”變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，還有一個(gè)賓語叫保留賓語。一般將“間接賓語”變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。當(dāng)變直接賓語為被動(dòng)句的主語時(shí)，要在保留賓語（間接賓語）前加一個(gè)介詞to（給，表方向）或for（替）。
My mother gave me a book.
I was given a book(by my mother).
A book was given to me(by my mother).
（3）主動(dòng)句帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，改稱為“主語補(bǔ)足語”即主補(bǔ)。當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中原省略的to要加上。
The boss made us work ten hours a day.
We were made to work ten hours a day(by the boss).
（4）含有“動(dòng)-介/動(dòng)-副/動(dòng)-副-介”等短語動(dòng)詞的句子，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把這些短語看成一個(gè)整體（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞），不能漏掉任何詞。
The nurses look after the patients well.
The patients are looked after well(by the nurses).
（5）含有“動(dòng)-名-介”型短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，也可將其中的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。
He paid much attention to his pronunciation.
Much attention was paid to his pronunciation(by him).
His pronunciation was paid much attention to(by him).
（6）被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：
被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表“動(dòng)作”，用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)態(tài)變化比較豐富。
系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表“性質(zhì)”，常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。
The glass was broken by Tom yesterday.
The glass was broken.
That book was written by a teacher.
That book is well written.
1.動(dòng)詞的概念及種類 動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，按在句中的功用分為以下四種：
類別 用法及意戶 例詞 例句與說明
實(shí)
義
動(dòng)
詞 及物動(dòng)詞（vt.） 表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整詞義，后接賓語，能單獨(dú)作謂語 like, enjoy,
watch, want She likes watching TV.
Do you enjoy listening to music?
不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.) 表動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有完整詞義，后接賓語，能單獨(dú)作謂語 rise, come, arrive, happen That story happened last year.
When did Tom arrive?
連系動(dòng)詞 本身有詞義，但須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語 表示“是”，“仍是” be, stay, remain She remains a teacher.
表“變得” become, get, grow, fall, go,turn It’s getting warm.
表“聽/看/聞/摸/嘗 起來” sound / look / smell / feel / taste That sounds a good idea.
It tastes delicious.
表“似乎”,“好象” seem,appear He seems all right.
助動(dòng)詞 本身無意義不單獨(dú)作謂語 謂語動(dòng)詞是單獨(dú)的行為動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過去時(shí)的句中幫助構(gòu)成否定或疑問 Do, Does, Did(位于句首構(gòu)成一般問句) Does he speak English?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn’t.
He doesn’t speak English.
don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于謂語動(dòng)詞前來表否定) Jane didn’t go to school yesterday.
與doing連用構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí) be (not) doing She is doing her homework now.
與done連用構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài) be done The tree was planed last year.
與done連用構(gòu)成完成時(shí) have / has / had done She has gone back.
后接動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成將來時(shí) will/ shall do I shall do it.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 本身有意義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，與主要?jiǎng)釉~原形一起表示說話人的語氣，情態(tài)，沒有人稱、數(shù)的變化。 表“能夠” can/could(沒其他形式)
be able to(有各種時(shí)態(tài)與形式) Jane could swim when she was six.
I’ll be able to speak French next year.
表“許可” may(較正式)
can(口語) You may smoke here.
“can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以
表“請(qǐng)求許可” can/could(用于一、二人稱)
may/might(用于第一人稱) Can you help me?
May I help you?=Can I help you?
表“可能” can/could
may/might(不用于問句) “can’t”只用于否定
“may not / might not”不可能
表“必須” must
have to(可有各種時(shí)態(tài)) “mustn’t”意為“不可以”，表禁止
“don’t/doesn’t have to”意為“不必”
表“應(yīng)該” should,ought to有義務(wù)
be supposed to shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不應(yīng)該
are not supposed to不應(yīng)該
表“一定” must Tom must be late.
表“需要” need 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句，疑問句或條件從句
作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于肯定句
表“敢”
表“請(qǐng)求指示” dare
shall I / we / he…？ —“Shall I open the door”?
—“Sure,please.”
Where shall we meet?
表“向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求” Will / Would you please? —“Will you please open the door?”
—“Sure.”
詢問對(duì)方的意思 Would you like to…? —“Would you like to try one more.”
—“No,thank you.”
表說話人的意愿 shall You shall be back at ten。
“命令、允諾、強(qiáng)制”等，用于二、三人稱 He shall obey the rules.
表“意愿”，用于各人稱 will/would I will answer the phone.
表“過去常常習(xí)慣于” used to 過去曾有的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)；過去的習(xí)慣，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于would；表次數(shù)時(shí)不用。
would 表過去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語；表過去的次數(shù)時(shí)不用。
表“祝愿” may May you succeed.
2．動(dòng)詞的基本形式及變化規(guī)則如下表：
情況/形式 原形 現(xiàn)在分詞 過去式 過去分詞
一般情況 talk 加-ing
talking 加-ed
talked 加-ed
talked
以e結(jié)尾 remove 去e加-ing
removing 加-d
removed 加-d
removed
以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾 carry 加-ing
carrying 改y為i加-ed
carried 改y為i再加-ed
carried
以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞 stop 雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母加-ing
stopping
雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母再加-ed
stopped 雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母再加-ed
stopped
以s,x,sh,ch[tF]結(jié)尾的詞 watch 加-ing
watching 加-ed
watched 加-ed
watched
以ie結(jié)尾的詞 tie 改ie為y再加-ing
tying 加-d
tied 加-d
3．動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)
態(tài) 基本用法 常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語 例句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 習(xí)慣性或常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) in the morning / evening / afternoon,
every day / month/year / morning.
sometimes, often, always, usually, frequently, eldom, ever, never, once,in a while, from time to time, today, these days, this week / month / year, now, etc He reads French every morning.
表能力，性格，特征等 Joan is a nice person.
普遍真理的表述 The moon turns round the earth.
劇本、圖、文的解說 The scene changes back to the park.
按時(shí)刻表，計(jì)劃決定好了的事 The train leaves at 8:00.
在“時(shí)間，條件，方式，讓步狀語從句”中表“將來”動(dòng)作 I’ll call you as soon as I get the park.
You won’t be able to pass the exam unless you work hard.
一般過去時(shí)態(tài) 具體的過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) ...ago,just now,in 1976/1989,
yesterday
last Sunday / month / week / year, the day before yesterday, the other day,once, in those days / years,once upon a time, earlier, this month / week / year, then, sometimes, often, always, etc. Mary was here a moment ago.
過去常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，特征 He often went to Shanghai last year.
在“虛擬語氣”中表“現(xiàn)在/將來”的情況 He talks as if he were my teacher.
在“委婉”用語中表“現(xiàn)在/將來”,常與“could/would”連用在“時(shí)間，條件，讓步”等狀語從句中表“過去將來” I hoped you could help me.
They planned to go out if it was fine the next day.
一般將來時(shí)態(tài) shall(’ll)用于第一人稱will(’ll)用于各人稱，表示“將會(huì)”“意愿” tomorrow, in 2010, next morning / year / week / month / time, in turn, soon, before long, in the year, to come, from now on,one day, some day, from now on, sometime in the future, in a few hours / days, the day after tomorrow, this evening, this afternoon, etc. I shall do it tomorrow morning.
She’ll have to go there by herself.
“am/is/are going to+v.原”表“即將發(fā)生，打算做” It looks as if it’s going to rain.
“is/am/are doing”表“計(jì)劃，安排” He’s leaving for Guangdong tomorrow.
“is/am/are about to+v.原”“表即將就要發(fā)生/做” She is about to go to school.
“is/am/are to+v.原” “表計(jì)劃決定，要求，命令，傳達(dá)命令指示等” You are to stay in the hotel.
Your boyfriend told you.
過去將來時(shí)態(tài) “should+v.原/would+v.原”表過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)”。常用于從句或引語中 常用于狀語從句、名詞性從句或間接引語中。 She said she would vote for me.
She said she wouldn’t vote for me.
“were/was going to+v.原”表“過去即將發(fā)生或打算要做” She said it was going to rain soon.
“was/were+v.-ing”表“過去的計(jì)劃，安排” I wondered when the plane was arriving.
“was/were about to+v.” 原表“過去即將，就要” I was about to go out when the phone rang.
“was/were to+v.原”表“過去的計(jì)劃決定，要求命令等” He told us they were to hold a meeting the next day.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 說話時(shí)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 now, at present, these days,
this morning / week / month, during this season, Look! Listen! etc.
always, constantly, frequently, all the time He is playing basketball now.
現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 I’m writing a book these days.
表“計(jì)劃安排好的將來動(dòng)作” She’s flying to Paris tomorrow.
表“反復(fù)經(jīng)?！钡膭?dòng)作，常與always等連用，有責(zé)備，高興等較濃的感情色彩。 They are always talking in meeting.
He is constantly leaving things about.
在here/there引起的句子中可用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表進(jìn)行。 Here comes the bus.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 過去某一時(shí)刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 this time yesterday, at that time, then,
all morning, at that moment, the whole
night, during…, when I came in, etc What were you doing at that moment?
過去某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 Last year we were building the library.
在過去看來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 He wondered whether she was leaving.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 過去開始的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/…ago/從句；for+時(shí)段；in the past/last five years
once, twice, three times, many times
before, ever, never so far,by now, lately, recently, just, already, yet I have lived here for six years.
在現(xiàn)在為止一個(gè)動(dòng)作狀態(tài)已多次發(fā)生 I’ve seen the film four times.
到現(xiàn)在為止時(shí)的一動(dòng)作狀態(tài)經(jīng)歷 I’ve never been to America.
過去完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響 He has just come back.
4．動(dòng)詞的語態(tài):
動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有主動(dòng)語態(tài)（主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）和被動(dòng)語態(tài)（主語是動(dòng)作的承受者）。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由be/get(助動(dòng)詞)+過去分詞構(gòu)成，be/get體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化。主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)保持不變；動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由“by短語”表示；get+過去分詞側(cè)重動(dòng)作的效果，通常不與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過去時(shí)變否定式，疑問時(shí)要借助助動(dòng)詞。
They make bikes.
Bikes are made by them.
When did she get married?
How did the window get broken?
注意：
（1）不及物動(dòng)詞一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
The sun sets in the west.
易錯(cuò)的常見的不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞有：rise, set, happen, break out, take place, fall, lie, die, etc.
（2）主動(dòng)句帶雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的句子，可將“間接賓語”或“直接賓語”變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，還有一個(gè)賓語叫保留賓語。一般將“間接賓語”變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。當(dāng)變直接賓語為被動(dòng)句的主語時(shí)，要在保留賓語（間接賓語）前加一個(gè)介詞to（給，表方向）或for（替）。
My mother gave me a book.
I was given a book(by my mother).
A book was given to me(by my mother).
（3）主動(dòng)句帶有復(fù)合賓語時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，改稱為“主語補(bǔ)足語”即主補(bǔ)。當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)是不帶to的不定式時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中原省略的to要加上。
The boss made us work ten hours a day.
We were made to work ten hours a day(by the boss).
（4）含有“動(dòng)-介/動(dòng)-副/動(dòng)-副-介”等短語動(dòng)詞的句子，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把這些短語看成一個(gè)整體（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞），不能漏掉任何詞。
The nurses look after the patients well.
The patients are looked after well(by the nurses).
（5）含有“動(dòng)-名-介”型短語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，也可將其中的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。
He paid much attention to his pronunciation.
Much attention was paid to his pronunciation(by him).
His pronunciation was paid much attention to(by him).
（6）被動(dòng)語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：
被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表“動(dòng)作”，用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，時(shí)態(tài)變化比較豐富。
系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表“性質(zhì)”，常用一般時(shí)態(tài)。
The glass was broken by Tom yesterday.
The glass was broken.
That book was written by a teacher.
That book is well written.