㈣ 否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象
① 當(dāng)表示主觀看法和心理活動的動詞，如think ，suppose ，believe ，imagine ，expect ，fancy等后跟賓語從句時，其從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。
I don’ t think it will be very cold today 我認(rèn)為今天不會太冷
I don’t suppose that anyone will object to the plan 我想沒有人反對這個計劃
由例句可看出:這類句型重點在賓語從句,所以其反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)是賓語從句的主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)采用賓語從句的謂語.。
I don’t believe she knows it ,does she ?
② 當(dāng)半助動詞happen，seem作謂語時，可將否定謂語轉(zhuǎn)移到否定句子的其他成分。
I didn’t happen to have any money on me ﹦I happened not to have any money on me
﹦ It so happened that I didn’t have any money on me 我碰巧身邊沒有帶錢.
此類動詞還有feel ,look ,taste ,smell,appear ,sound 等。
The blackboard doesn’t feel smooth﹦the blackboard feels not smooth 這塊黑板摸起來并不光滑
③以because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句或because of 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語
The mountain is not valuable because it is high
[誤] 因為這座山高,而沒有價值.。
[正] 山的價值并不在于它的高度。
注意： 上面句子，主句和從句之間沒有用逗號隔開；若用逗號隔開，意思就發(fā)生了變化。
請比較：She didn’t ask the teacher some questions because she was afraid of him.
﹦She asked the teacher some questions，not because she was afraid of him.
她并不是因為怕老師才去問他問題。
She didn’t ask the teacher some questions, because she was afraid of him
她沒有問老師問題，因為她怕他。
㈤ 強調(diào)句 It is/was …….that/who易混易錯點
A 易錯點:
①原句的人稱,時態(tài)和數(shù)在變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句時不要變動.
I gave Mary a book the day before yesterday.→It was Mary who/that I gave a book to the day before yesterday
②如果原句是一般疑問句,強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用“Is/Was it ……that”形式.。
Did your brother join in the army in 2001？→Was it your brother that/who joined the army in 2001？
③ 如果原句為特殊疑問句，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用“特殊疑問詞﹢is/was it …..that”形式。
Where did you meet him the other day ？→Where was it that you met him the other day？
④ 如果原句含有not until，在轉(zhuǎn)換為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時，必須把not連同until引導(dǎo)的 成分放在be 之后。
I didn’t receive your letter until yesterday→It was not until yesterday that I received your letter.
類似情況還有:
We can’t expect to succeed without an effort →It is not without an effort that we can expect to succeed
Money can’t buy everything →It is not everything that Money can buy.
⑤這一句型可強調(diào)原因狀語從句,當(dāng)原因狀語從句是as ,since,引導(dǎo)時應(yīng)改為because引導(dǎo).
She missed the first bus since she got up late→It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus
B 易混點:
① 強調(diào)句型與主語從句的區(qū)別:
如果將It is /was ….that 去掉后句意清楚,句法正確,為強調(diào)句型:由it作為形式主語的主語從句,可以將that 從句置于句首,其句意不變.。
1）It is possible that we will survive the fire →that we will survive the fire is possible（主語從句）
2）It is a fact that men must die→that men must die is a fact（主語從句）
3）It is reported that progress has been made in the cure of cancer→that progress has been made in the cure of cancer is reported（主語從句）
②強調(diào)句型It is/was….that與引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句和定語從句的It is / was …..when之間的區(qū)別
在強調(diào)句型中that 前,被強調(diào)的是狀語而when前面是表示時間點的名詞,用來作表語.。
1) It was at eight o’clock in the morning that they went to work (強調(diào)句)
2) It was eight o’clock in the morning when they went to work (時間狀語從句)
3) It was July 15,2003 when I graduated from Beijing University (when 關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,用作狀語)
高考試題演練：1）Why！I have nothing to confess._____you want me to say?(2004上海,43)
A What is it that B What is it that C How is it that D how it is that
解析: 此題考查強調(diào)句中強調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列,這是一個特殊疑問句,say后面缺少賓語所以用what ,故選A
2)I have always been honest and straight forward,and it doesn’t matter____Iam making to (2004廣東23)
A who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom
解析: 此題考查強調(diào)句中強調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列,這是一個特殊疑問句,考查被強調(diào)部分充當(dāng)賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)。其語序應(yīng)遵循賓語從句的語序，，即陳述語序。另外，在此處是做to的賓語，應(yīng)用賓格whom，但在通常情況下，也可以用who代替whom ，故選B
㈥如何解決 短暫性動詞與段時間狀語連用的問題
英語中的短暫性動詞，又叫終止性動詞，瞬間動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞。
易混點：在現(xiàn)在完成時否定句中可以和段時間狀語連用.。如:I have not borrowed the novel for two weeks .
易錯點：在肯定句中不能與段時間狀語連用（如 for…,since…,或how long….?），為了避免錯誤，在使用這類詞時應(yīng)學(xué)會并掌握“三個變化”。
1終止性動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞,主要有以下四類:
①用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞: buy →have borrow →keep put →wear catch a cold → have a cold
come/go →be
② 轉(zhuǎn)換為be﹢名詞: join the army/league/Party →be a soldier/League member/Party member
Go to school →be a student; become a teacher→ be a teacher
③轉(zhuǎn)換為be﹢形容詞或副詞: die →be dead , finish →be over , begin →be on , fall asleep→be asleep , leave→be away(from),wake→be awake ,get up→be up ,close →be closed , open →be open
Fall/get ill/sick →be ill/sick, marry →be married
④轉(zhuǎn)換為be﹢ 介詞短語: go to/come to地點→be in /at 地點, join the army →be in the army
Move to 地點→be in /at 地點
2 時間狀語改變：即for﹢數(shù)詞﹢…時間名詞﹢…ago
【誤】He has joined the army for three years
【正】He has been in the army for three years.
【正】He joined the army three years ago.
3 句子模式的變化 :用It is﹢ 時間﹢since…﹢
It is three years since he joined the army .
① 當(dāng)表示主觀看法和心理活動的動詞，如think ，suppose ，believe ，imagine ，expect ，fancy等后跟賓語從句時，其從句的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。
I don’ t think it will be very cold today 我認(rèn)為今天不會太冷
I don’t suppose that anyone will object to the plan 我想沒有人反對這個計劃
由例句可看出:這類句型重點在賓語從句,所以其反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)是賓語從句的主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)采用賓語從句的謂語.。
I don’t believe she knows it ,does she ?
② 當(dāng)半助動詞happen，seem作謂語時，可將否定謂語轉(zhuǎn)移到否定句子的其他成分。
I didn’t happen to have any money on me ﹦I happened not to have any money on me
﹦ It so happened that I didn’t have any money on me 我碰巧身邊沒有帶錢.
此類動詞還有feel ,look ,taste ,smell,appear ,sound 等。
The blackboard doesn’t feel smooth﹦the blackboard feels not smooth 這塊黑板摸起來并不光滑
③以because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句或because of 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語
The mountain is not valuable because it is high
[誤] 因為這座山高,而沒有價值.。
[正] 山的價值并不在于它的高度。
注意： 上面句子，主句和從句之間沒有用逗號隔開；若用逗號隔開，意思就發(fā)生了變化。
請比較：She didn’t ask the teacher some questions because she was afraid of him.
﹦She asked the teacher some questions，not because she was afraid of him.
她并不是因為怕老師才去問他問題。
She didn’t ask the teacher some questions, because she was afraid of him
她沒有問老師問題，因為她怕他。
㈤ 強調(diào)句 It is/was …….that/who易混易錯點
A 易錯點:
①原句的人稱,時態(tài)和數(shù)在變?yōu)閺娬{(diào)句時不要變動.
I gave Mary a book the day before yesterday.→It was Mary who/that I gave a book to the day before yesterday
②如果原句是一般疑問句,強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用“Is/Was it ……that”形式.。
Did your brother join in the army in 2001？→Was it your brother that/who joined the army in 2001？
③ 如果原句為特殊疑問句，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用“特殊疑問詞﹢is/was it …..that”形式。
Where did you meet him the other day ？→Where was it that you met him the other day？
④ 如果原句含有not until，在轉(zhuǎn)換為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)時，必須把not連同until引導(dǎo)的 成分放在be 之后。
I didn’t receive your letter until yesterday→It was not until yesterday that I received your letter.
類似情況還有:
We can’t expect to succeed without an effort →It is not without an effort that we can expect to succeed
Money can’t buy everything →It is not everything that Money can buy.
⑤這一句型可強調(diào)原因狀語從句,當(dāng)原因狀語從句是as ,since,引導(dǎo)時應(yīng)改為because引導(dǎo).
She missed the first bus since she got up late→It was because she got up late that she missed the first bus
B 易混點:
① 強調(diào)句型與主語從句的區(qū)別:
如果將It is /was ….that 去掉后句意清楚,句法正確,為強調(diào)句型:由it作為形式主語的主語從句,可以將that 從句置于句首,其句意不變.。
1）It is possible that we will survive the fire →that we will survive the fire is possible（主語從句）
2）It is a fact that men must die→that men must die is a fact（主語從句）
3）It is reported that progress has been made in the cure of cancer→that progress has been made in the cure of cancer is reported（主語從句）
②強調(diào)句型It is/was….that與引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句和定語從句的It is / was …..when之間的區(qū)別
在強調(diào)句型中that 前,被強調(diào)的是狀語而when前面是表示時間點的名詞,用來作表語.。
1) It was at eight o’clock in the morning that they went to work (強調(diào)句)
2) It was eight o’clock in the morning when they went to work (時間狀語從句)
3) It was July 15,2003 when I graduated from Beijing University (when 關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,用作狀語)
高考試題演練：1）Why！I have nothing to confess._____you want me to say?(2004上海,43)
A What is it that B What is it that C How is it that D how it is that
解析: 此題考查強調(diào)句中強調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列,這是一個特殊疑問句,say后面缺少賓語所以用what ,故選A
2)I have always been honest and straight forward,and it doesn’t matter____Iam making to (2004廣東23)
A who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom
解析: 此題考查強調(diào)句中強調(diào)疑問詞時語序的排列,這是一個特殊疑問句,考查被強調(diào)部分充當(dāng)賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)。其語序應(yīng)遵循賓語從句的語序，，即陳述語序。另外，在此處是做to的賓語，應(yīng)用賓格whom，但在通常情況下，也可以用who代替whom ，故選B
㈥如何解決 短暫性動詞與段時間狀語連用的問題
英語中的短暫性動詞，又叫終止性動詞，瞬間動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞。
易混點：在現(xiàn)在完成時否定句中可以和段時間狀語連用.。如:I have not borrowed the novel for two weeks .
易錯點：在肯定句中不能與段時間狀語連用（如 for…,since…,或how long….?），為了避免錯誤，在使用這類詞時應(yīng)學(xué)會并掌握“三個變化”。
1終止性動詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞,主要有以下四類:
①用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞: buy →have borrow →keep put →wear catch a cold → have a cold
come/go →be
② 轉(zhuǎn)換為be﹢名詞: join the army/league/Party →be a soldier/League member/Party member
Go to school →be a student; become a teacher→ be a teacher
③轉(zhuǎn)換為be﹢形容詞或副詞: die →be dead , finish →be over , begin →be on , fall asleep→be asleep , leave→be away(from),wake→be awake ,get up→be up ,close →be closed , open →be open
Fall/get ill/sick →be ill/sick, marry →be married
④轉(zhuǎn)換為be﹢ 介詞短語: go to/come to地點→be in /at 地點, join the army →be in the army
Move to 地點→be in /at 地點
2 時間狀語改變：即for﹢數(shù)詞﹢…時間名詞﹢…ago
【誤】He has joined the army for three years
【正】He has been in the army for three years.
【正】He joined the army three years ago.
3 句子模式的變化 :用It is﹢ 時間﹢since…﹢
It is three years since he joined the army .