在英語句子里,謂語動詞和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,基本的原則是:單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動詞。但在實際使用當中情況比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)在筆者把在教學(xué)中學(xué)生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下,以期對同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
1、“more than one +名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花。
2、“many a +名詞”作主語時,從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹。
3、“half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of 等后接名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定。例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the Earth is covered with water. 地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋。
4、all指人時,動詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時,動詞用單數(shù)。例如:
“All are present and all is going well”,our manager said. 我們經(jīng)理說:“所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利?!?BR> 5、what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
What they want to get is a number of good books. 他們想得到的是大量的好書。
6、and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each、every、no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 書包里沒有書和鋼筆。
7、當主語后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致。例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京。
8、each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關(guān)。例如:
They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車。
9、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚飯后出去散步是一個好習(xí)慣。
10、the following 作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致。例如:
The following are some good examples. 下面是一些好例子。
11、以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news,works,plastics等同屬此類。例如:
Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課。
12、有些用來表示由兩個對應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers,glasses,shoes等)作主語時,前面若有“一條”、“一副”、“一把”之類的單位詞,動詞用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適。
13、“one and a half +名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如:
One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果。
14、“one or two/more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙。
15、“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如:
He is one of the students who get there on time. 他是準時到達那里的學(xué)生之一。
16、表示時間、距離、金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),但若強調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢。
1、“more than one +名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花。
2、“many a +名詞”作主語時,從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹。
3、“half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of 等后接名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定。例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the Earth is covered with water. 地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋。
4、all指人時,動詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時,動詞用單數(shù)。例如:
“All are present and all is going well”,our manager said. 我們經(jīng)理說:“所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利?!?BR> 5、what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
What they want to get is a number of good books. 他們想得到的是大量的好書。
6、and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each、every、no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 書包里沒有書和鋼筆。
7、當主語后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致。例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京。
8、each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關(guān)。例如:
They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車。
9、動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚飯后出去散步是一個好習(xí)慣。
10、the following 作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致。例如:
The following are some good examples. 下面是一些好例子。
11、以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news,works,plastics等同屬此類。例如:
Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課。
12、有些用來表示由兩個對應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers,glasses,shoes等)作主語時,前面若有“一條”、“一副”、“一把”之類的單位詞,動詞用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適。
13、“one and a half +名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如:
One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果。
14、“one or two/more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙。
15、“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在“the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。例如:
He is one of the students who get there on time. 他是準時到達那里的學(xué)生之一。
16、表示時間、距離、金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),但若強調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢。