一、整理弄清概念,側(cè)重考點(diǎn)、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法也要借助學(xué)理科的方法,整理弄清語(yǔ)法概念,在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系中有兩大“家族”,即復(fù)合句、非謂語(yǔ)。它們涉及面廣且不易掌握,所以復(fù)習(xí)從概念入手,用概念指導(dǎo)復(fù)習(xí),便于系統(tǒng)理解、掌握。如提出這樣的兩組思考問(wèn)題。 什么叫復(fù)合句?
句子分3種:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句。
復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)句子組成,與并列句不同,各有主句、從句。復(fù)合句需要什么?連接詞復(fù)合句分幾類?
名詞性從句:主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、語(yǔ)從句、同謂語(yǔ)從句形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)名詞性從句、副詞性從句與形容詞性從句的差異是什么?名詞性從句副詞性從句形容詞性從句關(guān)系代詞:who whom whose(還有as than but)關(guān)系副詞:when where why通過(guò)比較發(fā)現(xiàn),形容詞性從句that為關(guān)系代詞,而名詞性從句that為連接詞;名詞性從句whose的連接代詞,而且把形容詞從句多了連接詞those、whether,連接副詞how。
[例題]解讀下列典型錯(cuò)誤:1、I've known all what you told me.為錯(cuò)誤句。分析:what為連接代詞,應(yīng)改為that關(guān)系代詞,成為定語(yǔ)從句修飾all。而2、I've told you all what I know.為正確句。分析:此all為you同位語(yǔ),what為賓語(yǔ)從句。3、It's known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.
分析:that為主語(yǔ)從句,that不可省略(連接次that不承擔(dān)句中角色,而且無(wú)意義)4、As is known that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.分析:As為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,應(yīng)去掉that。
典型句子分析:A定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:5、This restaurant is the one that we visited.定語(yǔ)從句
分析:定語(yǔ)從句必須要有先行詞和關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。6、This restaurant is where we dined.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句B定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別7、———Where did you see him?———It was in the bookshop where you bought a dictionary last week.定語(yǔ)從句
8、It was in the bookshop that you bought a dictionary last week.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句C定語(yǔ)從句與同謂語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別9、Have you heard the news that he will be back soon.
同位語(yǔ)從句分析:同位語(yǔ)從句that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不承擔(dān)任何角色而且無(wú)意義。
10、Have you heard the news that he told me yesterday.
定語(yǔ)從句
2、非謂語(yǔ)
什么叫非謂語(yǔ)?在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)形式幾類?to do(將來(lái))主動(dòng)doing(現(xiàn)在)done(過(guò)去)被動(dòng)3種形式告訴你什么?有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)概念
to do與doing(都可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))區(qū)別是什么?
to do將來(lái)暫時(shí)具體doing現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)期籠統(tǒng)例句:I like playing football but I like to play basketball today.
非謂語(yǔ)to do與doing有哪三類的詞?
a.enjoy為例doing b.manage為例todo c.forget等5個(gè)動(dòng)詞,既可帶to do又可帶doing,但時(shí)間概念不同。
11、Don't forget to post the letter.分析topost為將來(lái)動(dòng)作。
12、She forgot posting thel etter.分析:posting為完成動(dòng)作。
mean和try表了意義概念。
13、I mean to learn a foreign language.我打算學(xué)門外語(yǔ)
14、Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.換了這班車意味著又要等一小時(shí)
二、應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)解題方法,作出合理推測(cè)
應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)解題方法及對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的了解,學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成份,合理正確與否典型句子
①is he whom you met yesterday. A.that B.it C.where D.there如選擇B.雖然本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。分析:把句子分成兩句,追蹤原始句子。
You met him yesterday.第一步強(qiáng)調(diào)him放入It that結(jié)構(gòu)
who/whom第二步It is him whom you met yesterday.分析:強(qiáng)調(diào)句be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與met時(shí)態(tài)一致,因此正確句為
It was him whom you met yesterday.綜上分析,B,it選擇不對(duì)。而應(yīng)選A.that That is he whom you met yesterday.定語(yǔ)從句分析:that為指示代詞,起承上作用。
②He can't have gone before you left,he? A.did B.can C.has D.had抓住信息源before you left。如果沒(méi)有before you left選項(xiàng)可能為C.has。此句顯然告訴我們一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間,因此選A.did。
③he come,please let me know. A.if B.will C.would D.should分析:選A:If應(yīng)為If he comes? 選B.will,will he come? 選C.would,would he come? 顯然它們都不對(duì)。
而D.should為虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)If he should come的倒裝形式。虛擬If句中有should、had或were可省略If倒裝。
④At no time will he come here.分析:信息源no,否定詞在前需倒裝
學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法也要借助學(xué)理科的方法,整理弄清語(yǔ)法概念,在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系中有兩大“家族”,即復(fù)合句、非謂語(yǔ)。它們涉及面廣且不易掌握,所以復(fù)習(xí)從概念入手,用概念指導(dǎo)復(fù)習(xí),便于系統(tǒng)理解、掌握。如提出這樣的兩組思考問(wèn)題。 什么叫復(fù)合句?
句子分3種:簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句。
復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)句子組成,與并列句不同,各有主句、從句。復(fù)合句需要什么?連接詞復(fù)合句分幾類?
名詞性從句:主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、語(yǔ)從句、同謂語(yǔ)從句形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)名詞性從句、副詞性從句與形容詞性從句的差異是什么?名詞性從句副詞性從句形容詞性從句關(guān)系代詞:who whom whose(還有as than but)關(guān)系副詞:when where why通過(guò)比較發(fā)現(xiàn),形容詞性從句that為關(guān)系代詞,而名詞性從句that為連接詞;名詞性從句whose的連接代詞,而且把形容詞從句多了連接詞those、whether,連接副詞how。
[例題]解讀下列典型錯(cuò)誤:1、I've known all what you told me.為錯(cuò)誤句。分析:what為連接代詞,應(yīng)改為that關(guān)系代詞,成為定語(yǔ)從句修飾all。而2、I've told you all what I know.為正確句。分析:此all為you同位語(yǔ),what為賓語(yǔ)從句。3、It's known to us all that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.
分析:that為主語(yǔ)從句,that不可省略(連接次that不承擔(dān)句中角色,而且無(wú)意義)4、As is known that Shanghai will host the 2010 World Expo.分析:As為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,應(yīng)去掉that。
典型句子分析:A定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:5、This restaurant is the one that we visited.定語(yǔ)從句
分析:定語(yǔ)從句必須要有先行詞和關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。6、This restaurant is where we dined.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句B定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別7、———Where did you see him?———It was in the bookshop where you bought a dictionary last week.定語(yǔ)從句
8、It was in the bookshop that you bought a dictionary last week.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句C定語(yǔ)從句與同謂語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別9、Have you heard the news that he will be back soon.
同位語(yǔ)從句分析:同位語(yǔ)從句that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不承擔(dān)任何角色而且無(wú)意義。
10、Have you heard the news that he told me yesterday.
定語(yǔ)從句
2、非謂語(yǔ)
什么叫非謂語(yǔ)?在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)形式幾類?to do(將來(lái))主動(dòng)doing(現(xiàn)在)done(過(guò)去)被動(dòng)3種形式告訴你什么?有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)概念
to do與doing(都可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))區(qū)別是什么?
to do將來(lái)暫時(shí)具體doing現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)期籠統(tǒng)例句:I like playing football but I like to play basketball today.
非謂語(yǔ)to do與doing有哪三類的詞?
a.enjoy為例doing b.manage為例todo c.forget等5個(gè)動(dòng)詞,既可帶to do又可帶doing,但時(shí)間概念不同。
11、Don't forget to post the letter.分析topost為將來(lái)動(dòng)作。
12、She forgot posting thel etter.分析:posting為完成動(dòng)作。
mean和try表了意義概念。
13、I mean to learn a foreign language.我打算學(xué)門外語(yǔ)
14、Missing the bus means waiting for another hour.換了這班車意味著又要等一小時(shí)
二、應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)解題方法,作出合理推測(cè)
應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)解題方法及對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的了解,學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)、成份,合理正確與否典型句子
①is he whom you met yesterday. A.that B.it C.where D.there如選擇B.雖然本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。分析:把句子分成兩句,追蹤原始句子。
You met him yesterday.第一步強(qiáng)調(diào)him放入It that結(jié)構(gòu)
who/whom第二步It is him whom you met yesterday.分析:強(qiáng)調(diào)句be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與met時(shí)態(tài)一致,因此正確句為
It was him whom you met yesterday.綜上分析,B,it選擇不對(duì)。而應(yīng)選A.that That is he whom you met yesterday.定語(yǔ)從句分析:that為指示代詞,起承上作用。
②He can't have gone before you left,he? A.did B.can C.has D.had抓住信息源before you left。如果沒(méi)有before you left選項(xiàng)可能為C.has。此句顯然告訴我們一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間,因此選A.did。
③he come,please let me know. A.if B.will C.would D.should分析:選A:If應(yīng)為If he comes? 選B.will,will he come? 選C.would,would he come? 顯然它們都不對(duì)。
而D.should為虛擬語(yǔ)氣假設(shè)If he should come的倒裝形式。虛擬If句中有should、had或were可省略If倒裝。
④At no time will he come here.分析:信息源no,否定詞在前需倒裝

