2009年1月17日北美托福機(jī)經(jīng)

字號(hào):

1.講prehistory的食譜??茖W(xué)家通過(guò)分析這些,有助于分析什么什么的。但是分析所需化石標(biāo)本不好取,所以他們?nèi)≌麎K了,回實(shí)驗(yàn)室分離有機(jī)物和石頭,用有機(jī)溶劑(有幾道題)他們還分析骨骼的成分來(lái)判斷食草還是食肉。還有通過(guò)哺乳動(dòng)物的牙(有題)
    2. 講植物生長(zhǎng)受光的影響。根莖葉隨光的變化。還有些特殊的組織來(lái)survive在光線不同的情況下。講了土豆在春天生長(zhǎng),有題。
    3.海洋生物。原來(lái)認(rèn)為還底層沒有生物,但人發(fā)現(xiàn)了。然后講了pollution使每層的生物類群變了。還講個(gè)大洋的海洋生物,種類多少。講了海水溫度對(duì)魚的結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)了和恐龍同時(shí)代的魚,聯(lián)系了海洋生物與陸地關(guān)系(有題)
    聽力
    1:講繪畫現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與浪漫主義。講一個(gè)人,他是現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的,他主張看到的是什么就花什么。展示了個(gè)畫,有題。還有他的畫法
    2:化學(xué)混合物,一種只有一個(gè)phase,一種好多個(gè)。舉了酒精,煙,臟水,土的例子,有表格題。初中都學(xué)過(guò)。然后講了分液的兩種方法。過(guò)濾蒸發(fā)什么的。還有如何判斷物質(zhì)成分
    3:老師要寫一個(gè)research,需要學(xué)生幫助他來(lái)做一部分工作,但學(xué)生說(shuō)她已經(jīng)有圖書館的工作,很有規(guī)律,有固定收入,老師強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)會(huì)給女生錢,女生說(shuō)實(shí)在沒有時(shí)間,雖然自己懂這個(gè)工作怎么做,老師說(shuō)可以給老師減輕一點(diǎn)工作負(fù)擔(dān),女生考慮了一下說(shuō)做一下試試看
    4:女生要換parking permit,老師說(shuō)要換到另外一個(gè)地方,女生問(wèn)為什么,老師說(shuō)在建垃圾場(chǎng),建議到另外一個(gè)地方,又便宜點(diǎn),很多學(xué)生已經(jīng)過(guò)去了,乘班車可以回到學(xué)校,但女生考慮了一下還是說(shuō)在waiting list上等等
    5;Greenland and Northeastern的兩個(gè)society,一個(gè)disappear了,一個(gè)expansion了。先講第一個(gè)消失了的,他們的雪屋,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)鐵,他們捕獵。消失原因未知。第二個(gè)出現(xiàn)了,他們采用好多原先的society的方法,比如雪屋和鐵,不過(guò)他們會(huì)造船,能捕鯨。越來(lái)越往東搬
    6:講照片和沖洗技術(shù)的發(fā)展。有三個(gè)重要人物。第一個(gè)大量借用了前人的技術(shù),說(shuō)沒有先前的技術(shù)就沒有他的成就。第二個(gè)發(fā)明了negative image,就是在個(gè)玻璃板上畫東西,印到紙上就倒過(guò)來(lái)的,再用紙,又正過(guò)來(lái)。但此人的只有黑白,沒法表現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié),比如深淺。第三個(gè)人解決了,用的方法不算新,通過(guò)材料的透光性,比如葉子對(duì)著陽(yáng)光看,有深有淺,不過(guò)這種技術(shù)整出來(lái)的像和實(shí)際相反,就是實(shí)際淺的透光的黑,反之亦然
    另附聽力 :
    有一篇講lizard,說(shuō)它看到捕食者時(shí)逃跑要制造很大噪音, 問(wèn)學(xué)生為什么,一個(gè)說(shuō),他生活在枯樹葉環(huán)境,不能輕聲逃跑。老實(shí)說(shuō)它本可以走的輕。有學(xué)生說(shuō)warn others,老實(shí)說(shuō)沒同伴他們也make noise。事實(shí)上是warn捕食者,說(shuō)自己很強(qiáng)大,而且有noise 它跑得快
    有一篇講一幫畫家畫加拿大風(fēng)景的,他們?yōu)槭裁串?,他們搞什么活?dòng),展覽,他們的畫不被美國(guó)人接受,但有些確成為加拿大標(biāo)志
    第一篇女生去申獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金,男的是officer。男的問(wèn)了女生一些基礎(chǔ)信息,說(shuō)這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金比較關(guān)注學(xué)生的實(shí)習(xí),project也行,女生打斷她說(shuō)她不是申business的,是art的,男的道歉,說(shuō)大多人是business,女生前面的也是。男的說(shuō)art的form還沒來(lái),來(lái)了通知她
    還有一篇 學(xué)生去要parking permission,officer說(shuō)沒了,只能停在F area,在建新的樓,現(xiàn)在不是F的地方貴,F(xiàn)便宜。講新樓狀況,什么時(shí)候完工什么的。女生很是煩]
    口語(yǔ)
    第一題講many students do volunteer work, 問(wèn)what kind of volunteer do you want to be?
    第二題問(wèn)Do you agree or disagree with the statement: artists and musicians are useful nowadays 大概這樣
    第三題,閱讀一個(gè)cancel poetry writing course 的通知,有兩個(gè)cancel原因,1. there are less students which makes the class worthless. 2. students who want to take it can go to the State University nearby. 聽力里男的上學(xué)期上了這門課,反對(duì)通知。1. there are less students but students can get more attention and feedback from professor. This point makes the class worth more. 2. it takes more than one hours from their school to state university by bus. Most students do not have car. inconvenience.
    第四題,閱讀關(guān)于一個(gè)心理學(xué)上一個(gè)有順序記憶東西的方法L。聽力教授講用這個(gè)方法有兩步,現(xiàn)標(biāo)記landmark,比如from your dorm to student center. the first thing you see is the front door, then the tree, then the status in front of library then the building. 再一一對(duì)應(yīng)。比如to memorize planet in solar system. make Mercury as front door, Venus as tree etc. 選的東西要vivid,更好記
    第五題,the woman wants to take the economics class which is taught by Tomas, a famous professor, but she has to take 4 required courses to graduate and these make her full load. The man gives two solution. 1st, audit economics. thus she has not to worry about tests, paper... the woman worried about she cannot learn much in these way. 2nd, wave one required course and take it in summer. the woman is afraid it can influence her summer job.
    第六題,biology class,the professor introduce one special character of animals, making electricity. animals can benefit from it in 2 ways. 1st, capture food, e.g eel, produce strong currency shock the small fish then eat it. 2nd, D××魚,build a electrical field to know the dark environment to avoid from rocks. do not get hurt
    寫作:
    1.microcredit 是種小額貸款吧。
    閱讀:可以減輕貧困,because it can help the poor start their business.但是這個(gè)辦法存在問(wèn)題,不可行。1st,the poor do not have much knowledge and experience about running business, 會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗 2nd,bank 辦手續(xù)花錢,所以能借出去的有限 3rd,microcredit spend money of the government, 而**本可以把錢花到跟實(shí)際的地方,比如教育,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來(lái)減輕貧困
    聽力:against reading。microcredit可行。1,可以教the poor,how to budget balance, how to low cost.... e.g some organizations in India do so. 2, bank can lend money to group instead of individual,thus the cost is limited and the bank can lend more money. 3, the money of microcredit come from non-government institutions. on the other hand, it saves money of government. the government can spend more money on more important projects.
    2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
    The advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits
    作文
    mirco cridit 就是小額貸款什么的給 poor
    passage:
    1, 認(rèn)為沒用,因?yàn)閠he poor 沒有business 的經(jīng)驗(yàn), 聽力中反駁,說(shuō)可以 educate them, 并舉了例子 india, teach them how to finance, how to buget
    2. 增加銀行 administrative cost, 聽力中 說(shuō)可以 給 a small of group, instead of each person , 這樣的話, cost 也不會(huì)增加
    3. 這樣的話 政府 投資給poor的會(huì)減少。 聽力反駁, 說(shuō)這樣的話,比如窮人從international 機(jī)構(gòu)中 獲得貸款之后, goverment save money 可以用于 bridges and road什么的。
    2獨(dú)立作文、廣告是否是不健康飲食的主要原因/advertising is the main cause of unhealthy eating habits?