Explorer （探險者、探測器）of the Extreme Deep
1. Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction（一部分） of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible（潛艇；潛水器） or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.
2. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist（地質(zhì)學(xué)家）and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives（潛水；跳水）.
3. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.”
4.. Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable（機(jī)動的，可調(diào)動的）. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap（重疊） so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
5. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend （上升）and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.
Alvin: 世界上第一個深海潛水器，它最有名的深海探測包括1986年對泰坦尼克號殘骸的測量工作。
練習(xí)：
1．What is Alvin?
A) A research institute. B) A transporting vehicle.
C) A submersible. D) A scientist.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
A) It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.
B) It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions
C) It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.
D) It has been used for more than 40 years.
3. “… a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to
A) The earth. B) Out space.
C) The ocean. D) Mars.
4. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?
A) Size. B) Speed. C) Capacity. D) Shape.
5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?
A) Offering better views. B) Speed.
C) Size. D) Both A and B.
題目詳解：
1. 首先，請大家關(guān)注這篇出現(xiàn)在08年教材中的新增篇目。第一個原因是因?yàn)樗婕暗膬?nèi)容是我們理工類比較常考的；第二是由于單詞的難度也屬于C級的。做閱讀的老規(guī)矩還是先看文章的標(biāo)題來大致了解文章的大意：Explorer （探險者、探測器）of the Extreme（極度的、極端的） Deep（深度、深處）
我們可以知道該文章應(yīng)該講的是和海洋探測有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。人類對于海洋仍然有很多不解之謎。所以這是一篇值得我們好好學(xué)的文章。
接下來，一起閱讀首段首句看能否了解到文章的大意：
Oceans（海洋） cover（覆蓋） more than（超過） two-thirds（三分之二） of our planet（行星）. Yet（相當(dāng)于but, 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，特別關(guān)注這種詞，有可能是主題句。）, just（相當(dāng)于only, 僅僅） a small（小） fraction（一部分） of the underwater（合成詞， under + water, 水下的） world（世界） has been explored（該詞和標(biāo)題中的explorer是同根詞，意思是探測、探索。）.
2. 接下來，看看所給的題，通過閱讀題干我們知道它們是細(xì)節(jié)題，而細(xì)節(jié)題的主要解題順序是文章進(jìn)行的順序。因此，我們先閱讀第一題：
1．What is Alvin?
A) A research（研究） institute（協(xié)會、學(xué)院).
B) A transporting （運(yùn)輸）vehicle（車輛、工具）.
C) A submersible（潛艇）.
D A scientist（科學(xué)家）.
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction（一部分） of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts（美國的洲名） are building（修建、建造）an underwater vehicle（一個水下的工具） that（引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，所以后面句子的主語仍然是an underwater vehicle）will carry（攜帶、運(yùn)送）explorers as deep as（as…as像。。。一樣） 6,500 meters (21,320 feet).1>. The new machine（新的機(jī)器）, known as（被看作是） a manned（是man的合成詞，載人的） submersible（潛艇；潛水器） or human-operated（由人來操控的） vehicle (HOV), will replace（動詞，相當(dāng)于take the place of, 意思是代替、替代） another one named（被稱做，過去分詞做定語） Alvin which（引導(dǎo)定語從句）has an amazing（令人吃驚的） record（記錄） of discovery（探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)）, playing a key role in（在。。。方面起者關(guān)鍵作用） various（各種各樣的）
important and famous undersea expeditions（探險、考察）. Alvin has been operating（運(yùn)行） for 40 years but can go down（下沉） only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade（升級）, WHOI researchers（研究人員們） say.
分析并得出結(jié)論：通過對該段第二、第三句話意思的了解，可以確定答案就是C。
3. 接下來，我們一起閱讀第2題：
2．Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
（下面有關(guān)Alvin的陳述哪一個是不正確的？）
A) It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.（它可以將探測者帶到6500米的深處。）
B) It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions。（它在各種各樣的海底探險方面起著關(guān)鍵的作用。）
C) It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century. （它是在20世紀(jì)60年代被發(fā)射的。）
D) It has been used for more than 40 years.（它已經(jīng)被使用超過40年。）
分析：這是一道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題，因此應(yīng)該從文章中出現(xiàn)了Alvin的語句中找答案，并排除正確的，留下的便是我們要找的。首先，得回到第一段剛才讀過的句子里看看：從第二句開始的意思是：科學(xué)家正在研制一艘可將研究人員帶到6,500米深處的潛水裝置，而它將替代 Alvin，因?yàn)?Alvin 只能潛到4,500米深處。還有一層意思：Alvin已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了40多年，而且在各種各樣重要的和著名的海底探險中起著重要作用，與B，D的表述吻合，而答案A，就是一個錯誤的表述。但如果錯誤答案在最后呢，因此，我們?nèi)孕枰獙κＳ嗟拇鸢笍奈恼吕镎业街С炙鼈兊恼Z句?？吹诙危?BR> Alvin was launched （發(fā)射）in 1964. Since then（自從那時開始）, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year（一年工作200至250天）, says Daniel Fornari, a marine（海洋的） geologist（地質(zhì)學(xué)家）and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its（代詞，指代Alvin） lifetime（一生、終生）, Alvin has carried some（放在數(shù)詞前面，表示大約，相當(dāng)于about） 12,000 people on a total(總共) of more than 3,000 dives（潛水；跳水）.
得出結(jié)論：第一句話就是答案C的表述。所以，最終確定答案是A。
4．看第三題：
3. “… a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to （“一個充滿了神秘的世界”指的是。。。）
A) The earth.（地球） B) Out space. （太空）
C) The ocean.（海洋） D) Mars.（火星）
細(xì)節(jié)題。請看第3段，然后根據(jù)這句話的前后文，猜出句子中單詞所指。
A newer（更新的）, better （更好的）versions （版本）of Alvin is bound to（固定詞組：一定會） reveal（揭示、顯示，同義詞：show） even （甚至）more（更多的）surprises （驚喜）about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It（代詞，指代A newer, better versions of Alvin） might（表推測，可能） also make the job of exploration（該詞是explore的名詞） a little easier（輕松、容易）. “We take so much for granted （這是一個值得大家記住的習(xí)語，意思是認(rèn)為。。。理所當(dāng)然）on land（在陸地上）,” Fornari says. “We can walk around（四處走） and see with our eyes（用我們的眼睛） how big things are. We can see colors（色彩）, special arrangements（特殊的安排）.”
在回答這道題時，有一部分考生會把答案選擇為A， 認(rèn)為是地球，那你就錯了，別忘了這篇文章的主旨是探測海底世界，而且通過我們對前面內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)也已經(jīng)知道，Alvin就是一個海底潛水裝置，因此答案只可能是C。 我在這里再一次，提醒各位：做閱讀理解題目時一定要牢記文章的主題，不能選偏離主旨的答案。
5．看最后兩題，發(fā)現(xiàn)題干和關(guān)鍵詞幾乎一致：都和HOV有關(guān)。
4. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（在什么方面新的HOV and Alvin是相似的）
A) Size尺寸. B) Speed.速度 C) Capacity.容量 D) Shape.形狀
5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? （在什么方面新的HOV and Alvin是不同的）
A) Offering better views.提供更好的風(fēng)景 B) Speed.
C) Size. D) Both A and B.
掃視一下文章最后兩段可以確定答案應(yīng)同時在第4段，第5段中出現(xiàn)：
Size-wise（大小適中）, the new HOV will be similar to（與。。。是相似的） Alvin. It’ll be about 37 feet（英尺） long. The setting area（區(qū)域） inside（里面的） will be a small sphere（球體）, about 8 feet wide（寬）, like Alvin, it’ll carry a pilot（飛行員） and two passengers（乘客）. It will be just as maneuverable（機(jī)動的，可調(diào)動的）. In most other ways（在大多數(shù)其它方面）, it will give passengers more opportunities（機(jī)會） to enjoy（欣賞） the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap（重疊、折疊） so that（以便于，表目的） the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing（同樣的東西）.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate（以。。。的速度） of 30 meters every second（每秒）, and its maximum（） speed is 2 knots （節(jié)）(about 2.3 miles per hour), while（而） the new vehicle will be able to ascend （上升）and descend （下降）at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.
分析總結(jié)：看完這一段我們總結(jié)一下，看看相似和不同之處分別是什么：
第四段的頭三個句子告訴我們，HOV 和 Alvin 在體積上和容量上相似。所以 D 是正確選擇。
第四段最后兩句告訴我們，Alvin 只有三個窗戶，而 HOV 有五個。最后一段告訴我們，兩艘潛水裝置的上下活動速度和行進(jìn)速度有所差別。所以 D 是正確選擇。
1. Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction（一部分） of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible（潛艇；潛水器） or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.
2. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist（地質(zhì)學(xué)家）and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives（潛水；跳水）.
3. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.”
4.. Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable（機(jī)動的，可調(diào)動的）. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap（重疊） so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.
5. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend （上升）and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.
Alvin: 世界上第一個深海潛水器，它最有名的深海探測包括1986年對泰坦尼克號殘骸的測量工作。
練習(xí)：
1．What is Alvin?
A) A research institute. B) A transporting vehicle.
C) A submersible. D) A scientist.
2．Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
A) It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.
B) It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions
C) It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.
D) It has been used for more than 40 years.
3. “… a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to
A) The earth. B) Out space.
C) The ocean. D) Mars.
4. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?
A) Size. B) Speed. C) Capacity. D) Shape.
5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?
A) Offering better views. B) Speed.
C) Size. D) Both A and B.
題目詳解：
1. 首先，請大家關(guān)注這篇出現(xiàn)在08年教材中的新增篇目。第一個原因是因?yàn)樗婕暗膬?nèi)容是我們理工類比較常考的；第二是由于單詞的難度也屬于C級的。做閱讀的老規(guī)矩還是先看文章的標(biāo)題來大致了解文章的大意：Explorer （探險者、探測器）of the Extreme（極度的、極端的） Deep（深度、深處）
我們可以知道該文章應(yīng)該講的是和海洋探測有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。人類對于海洋仍然有很多不解之謎。所以這是一篇值得我們好好學(xué)的文章。
接下來，一起閱讀首段首句看能否了解到文章的大意：
Oceans（海洋） cover（覆蓋） more than（超過） two-thirds（三分之二） of our planet（行星）. Yet（相當(dāng)于but, 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，特別關(guān)注這種詞，有可能是主題句。）, just（相當(dāng)于only, 僅僅） a small（小） fraction（一部分） of the underwater（合成詞， under + water, 水下的） world（世界） has been explored（該詞和標(biāo)題中的explorer是同根詞，意思是探測、探索。）.
2. 接下來，看看所給的題，通過閱讀題干我們知道它們是細(xì)節(jié)題，而細(xì)節(jié)題的主要解題順序是文章進(jìn)行的順序。因此，我們先閱讀第一題：
1．What is Alvin?
A) A research（研究） institute（協(xié)會、學(xué)院).
B) A transporting （運(yùn)輸）vehicle（車輛、工具）.
C) A submersible（潛艇）.
D A scientist（科學(xué)家）.
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction（一部分） of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts（美國的洲名） are building（修建、建造）an underwater vehicle（一個水下的工具） that（引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，所以后面句子的主語仍然是an underwater vehicle）will carry（攜帶、運(yùn)送）explorers as deep as（as…as像。。。一樣） 6,500 meters (21,320 feet).1>. The new machine（新的機(jī)器）, known as（被看作是） a manned（是man的合成詞，載人的） submersible（潛艇；潛水器） or human-operated（由人來操控的） vehicle (HOV), will replace（動詞，相當(dāng)于take the place of, 意思是代替、替代） another one named（被稱做，過去分詞做定語） Alvin which（引導(dǎo)定語從句）has an amazing（令人吃驚的） record（記錄） of discovery（探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)）, playing a key role in（在。。。方面起者關(guān)鍵作用） various（各種各樣的）
important and famous undersea expeditions（探險、考察）. Alvin has been operating（運(yùn)行） for 40 years but can go down（下沉） only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade（升級）, WHOI researchers（研究人員們） say.
分析并得出結(jié)論：通過對該段第二、第三句話意思的了解，可以確定答案就是C。
3. 接下來，我們一起閱讀第2題：
2．Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?
（下面有關(guān)Alvin的陳述哪一個是不正確的？）
A) It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.（它可以將探測者帶到6500米的深處。）
B) It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions。（它在各種各樣的海底探險方面起著關(guān)鍵的作用。）
C) It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century. （它是在20世紀(jì)60年代被發(fā)射的。）
D) It has been used for more than 40 years.（它已經(jīng)被使用超過40年。）
分析：這是一道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)題，因此應(yīng)該從文章中出現(xiàn)了Alvin的語句中找答案，并排除正確的，留下的便是我們要找的。首先，得回到第一段剛才讀過的句子里看看：從第二句開始的意思是：科學(xué)家正在研制一艘可將研究人員帶到6,500米深處的潛水裝置，而它將替代 Alvin，因?yàn)?Alvin 只能潛到4,500米深處。還有一層意思：Alvin已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了40多年，而且在各種各樣重要的和著名的海底探險中起著重要作用，與B，D的表述吻合，而答案A，就是一個錯誤的表述。但如果錯誤答案在最后呢，因此，我們?nèi)孕枰獙κＳ嗟拇鸢笍奈恼吕镎业街С炙鼈兊恼Z句?？吹诙危?BR> Alvin was launched （發(fā)射）in 1964. Since then（自從那時開始）, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year（一年工作200至250天）, says Daniel Fornari, a marine（海洋的） geologist（地質(zhì)學(xué)家）and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its（代詞，指代Alvin） lifetime（一生、終生）, Alvin has carried some（放在數(shù)詞前面，表示大約，相當(dāng)于about） 12,000 people on a total(總共) of more than 3,000 dives（潛水；跳水）.
得出結(jié)論：第一句話就是答案C的表述。所以，最終確定答案是A。
4．看第三題：
3. “… a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to （“一個充滿了神秘的世界”指的是。。。）
A) The earth.（地球） B) Out space. （太空）
C) The ocean.（海洋） D) Mars.（火星）
細(xì)節(jié)題。請看第3段，然后根據(jù)這句話的前后文，猜出句子中單詞所指。
A newer（更新的）, better （更好的）versions （版本）of Alvin is bound to（固定詞組：一定會） reveal（揭示、顯示，同義詞：show） even （甚至）more（更多的）surprises （驚喜）about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It（代詞，指代A newer, better versions of Alvin） might（表推測，可能） also make the job of exploration（該詞是explore的名詞） a little easier（輕松、容易）. “We take so much for granted （這是一個值得大家記住的習(xí)語，意思是認(rèn)為。。。理所當(dāng)然）on land（在陸地上）,” Fornari says. “We can walk around（四處走） and see with our eyes（用我們的眼睛） how big things are. We can see colors（色彩）, special arrangements（特殊的安排）.”
在回答這道題時，有一部分考生會把答案選擇為A， 認(rèn)為是地球，那你就錯了，別忘了這篇文章的主旨是探測海底世界，而且通過我們對前面內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)也已經(jīng)知道，Alvin就是一個海底潛水裝置，因此答案只可能是C。 我在這里再一次，提醒各位：做閱讀理解題目時一定要牢記文章的主題，不能選偏離主旨的答案。
5．看最后兩題，發(fā)現(xiàn)題干和關(guān)鍵詞幾乎一致：都和HOV有關(guān)。
4. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（在什么方面新的HOV and Alvin是相似的）
A) Size尺寸. B) Speed.速度 C) Capacity.容量 D) Shape.形狀
5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? （在什么方面新的HOV and Alvin是不同的）
A) Offering better views.提供更好的風(fēng)景 B) Speed.
C) Size. D) Both A and B.
掃視一下文章最后兩段可以確定答案應(yīng)同時在第4段，第5段中出現(xiàn)：
Size-wise（大小適中）, the new HOV will be similar to（與。。。是相似的） Alvin. It’ll be about 37 feet（英尺） long. The setting area（區(qū)域） inside（里面的） will be a small sphere（球體）, about 8 feet wide（寬）, like Alvin, it’ll carry a pilot（飛行員） and two passengers（乘客）. It will be just as maneuverable（機(jī)動的，可調(diào)動的）. In most other ways（在大多數(shù)其它方面）, it will give passengers more opportunities（機(jī)會） to enjoy（欣賞） the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap（重疊、折疊） so that（以便于，表目的） the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing（同樣的東西）.
Alvin can go up and down at a rate（以。。。的速度） of 30 meters every second（每秒）, and its maximum（） speed is 2 knots （節(jié)）(about 2.3 miles per hour), while（而） the new vehicle will be able to ascend （上升）and descend （下降）at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.
分析總結(jié)：看完這一段我們總結(jié)一下，看看相似和不同之處分別是什么：
第四段的頭三個句子告訴我們，HOV 和 Alvin 在體積上和容量上相似。所以 D 是正確選擇。
第四段最后兩句告訴我們，Alvin 只有三個窗戶，而 HOV 有五個。最后一段告訴我們，兩艘潛水裝置的上下活動速度和行進(jìn)速度有所差別。所以 D 是正確選擇。