"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct.non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise: They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whom genetic differences that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you hav to know what you are dealing with,” Pfenninger said. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was studied.
1，Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?
A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas:
B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.
C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.
D. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest.
2. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?
A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions
B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.
C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions
D Both B and C
3, Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?
A Not yet.
B Yes. they do.
C They will know the answer in another one or two years.
D They will never know the answer.
4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?
A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants
B They are interbreeding species.
C They are two genetically distant species.
D They depend on each other for survival
5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s, because scientists
A identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.
B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.
C thought there was only on, mosquito species.
D did not know what species sees being studied.
答案與解析：
1. 分析文章標(biāo)題： “Hidden”(隱藏的) species(物種) may be surprisingly(令人驚訝地) common(共同的，常見(jiàn)的，普通的)
分析：文章主題涉及到對(duì)生物物種的分析和介紹。
2.直接解題：
1，Which of the following (下列哪項(xiàng))about(關(guān)于) the significance(意義，重要性) of the research on (關(guān)于...的研究)cryptic(隱蔽性的) species(物種) is NOT true?
A The results(結(jié)果) of the research can help(幫助) the development(發(fā)展，研制， 患病) of many other (其他許多的)research areas(地區(qū)，領(lǐng)域)
B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity(生物多樣性) estimates(估計(jì)).
C The results of the research can help our understanding(理解) of infectious disease (傳染病)evolution(演變，進(jìn)展).
D. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival(生存) of the fittest(最適合的(生物)).
1.D.利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)詞(research)備選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(字體加粗的文字)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species (隱蔽性物種)animals that appear (看起來(lái))identical (相同的)but are genetically(在基因上) quite (非常)distant(關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)的)一may be much more widespread(普遍的，分布廣的) than previously(以前) thought. The findings(研究發(fā)現(xiàn))(與research 相關(guān)) could have major(較多的，主要的) implications(暗示) in areas(領(lǐng)域) ranging from (范圍涉及從...到...)biodiversity (生物多樣性)estimates (估計(jì))and wildlife management(野生動(dòng)物管理)，to our understanding of infectious diseases (傳染性疾病)and evolution(演變).
答案相關(guān)句(第1段第2句)說(shuō)：研究結(jié)果為廣泛的研究領(lǐng)城提供很多啟示， 包括生物多樣性研究.還能幫助我們理解傳染疾病及其演變。 所以選項(xiàng)A,B,C都是正確的。
2. What was scientists(科學(xué)家)' understanding(理解) of cryptic species(隱蔽性物種)?
A They occurred(發(fā)生， 出現(xiàn)) in equal(同等的，合適的) numbers(數(shù)量) in all biogeographical regions(生物地理區(qū)域)
B They were mostly(主要地) found in insects(昆蟲(chóng)) and reptiles(爬行動(dòng)物).
C They were likely to (可能)be in tropical(熱帶的) rather than (而不是)temperate (溫和的)regions(區(qū)域)
D Both B and C
2.D.利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(scientists)和被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(字體加粗的文字)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. (第一題答案相關(guān)句)The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt(法蘭克福大學(xué))’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
(第3段) Scientists had previously(以前) speculated(曾經(jīng)推測(cè))that cryptic species were predominantly((在數(shù)量等上)占優(yōu)勢(shì)地/主要地) found in insects and reptiles(爬行動(dòng)物)，and were more likely to (更可能)occur(出現(xiàn)) in tropical (熱帶的)rather than temperate(溫和的) regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as (高達(dá))30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
答案相關(guān)句(第三段第一句)講述了科學(xué)家們?cè)谶^(guò)去對(duì)隱蔽性物種的一些推測(cè)，根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容判斷D是答案。
3. Do scientists(科學(xué)家) know how many (多少)cryptic species exist(存在)?
A Not yet(還， 尚).
B Yes. they do.
C They will know the answer(答案) in another(另外的，不同的) one or two years.
D They will never know the answer.
3.A.順著上一題的答案相關(guān)句位置往下查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
(第2題答案相關(guān)句)Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until(直到) the genetic information (遺傳信息)of all species(物種) in at least (至少)one taxon(生物的分類單元) is thoroughly(徹底地) studied(研究), no one (沒(méi)有人)will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as (高達(dá))30%，”P(pán)fenninger says.
答案相關(guān)句(第3段倒數(shù)第2句)表明科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人們目前還不了解隱蔽性物種存在的數(shù)量。
4. Which of the following (下列哪項(xiàng))about the African bush elephant (非洲叢林大象)and the African elephant (非洲大象) is true?
A The WCU are interbreeding(雜種繁殖) those elephants
B They are interbreeding species.
C They are two genetically(在基因上，在遺傳上) distant(關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)的， 遙遠(yuǎn)的) species.
D They depend on (依靠...以得到...)each other (彼此)for survival(生存， 幸存)
4.C.利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(African bush elephant, African elephant)及備選項(xiàng)中的特征詞(WCU)和 備選項(xiàng)中的共有詞(interbreed)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Planning and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. (第3題答案相關(guān)句)Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists (rope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
(第6段)Examples(例子) of cryptic species(隱蔽性物種) include(包括) the African elephant. (第2句)A 2001 study found(發(fā)現(xiàn)) the elephants were actually(實(shí)際上) two genetically distinct (不同的，清楚的) non-interbreeding (不可雜種繁殖的)species(物種),the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently (現(xiàn)在)listed as (被列為)vulnerable(易受攻擊的) and threatened(受到威脅的), respectively(分別地), by the World Conservation。
答案相關(guān)句(第6段第2句)說(shuō)“2001年的一個(gè)自然發(fā)現(xiàn)是大象之間也是基因差別較大，是屬于不可雜交的物種，非洲叢林大象和非洲大象就是這樣的例子”，由此判定C正確。
5. People were confused(困惑的)in(在...的過(guò)程中) their attempts(努力，嘗試) to (在他們努力地。。。的過(guò)程中)control(控制) malaria(瘧疾) in Europe(歐洲) in the early(早的， 早期的) 1900s, because scientists(科學(xué)家)_____.
A identified(識(shí)別) only(僅僅) one mosquito(蚊子) species instead of (而不是)six species.
B thought(認(rèn)為) only three mosquito(蚊子) species transmitted(傳播， 傳輸) disease(疾病).
C thought there was only one mosquito species.
D did not know(知道) what species was being studied(正在被研究) .
5.A.利用問(wèn)題句中的特征結(jié)構(gòu)(in the early 1900s, Europe)，細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(malaria)及備選項(xiàng)中的共有詞(mosquito)共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Planning and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant.(第4題答案相關(guān)句) A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise: They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whom genetic differences that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification(錯(cuò)誤辨識(shí)) of mosquito species based on (基于...的)morphology(形態(tài)學(xué)) confused(使...困惑/混亂)attempts(努力) to control malaria in Europe. (在20世紀(jì)初期，基于形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)蚊子物種進(jìn)行的錯(cuò)誤辨識(shí)擾亂了控制歐洲瘧疾的工作). Ultimately(最終), what was thought(認(rèn)為) to be a single(單個(gè)的， 單身的) species was actually made up of (由...組成)six sibling (兄弟， 姐妹)species, only three of which transmitted(傳播) the disease(疾病). “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with,” Pfenninger said. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was studied.
答案相關(guān)句(文章最后一段前兩句)說(shuō)：歐洲20世紀(jì)初基于形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)蚊子的錯(cuò)誤分類影響了對(duì)瘧疾的控制， 這個(gè)原本認(rèn)為是一個(gè)單一類型的物種是由六個(gè)分類物種組成， 而其中僅有三個(gè)分類物種傳播疾病，因此A是答案。
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct.non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise: They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whom genetic differences that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you hav to know what you are dealing with,” Pfenninger said. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was studied.
1，Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?
A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas:
B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.
C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.
D. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest.
2. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?
A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions
B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.
C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions
D Both B and C
3, Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?
A Not yet.
B Yes. they do.
C They will know the answer in another one or two years.
D They will never know the answer.
4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?
A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants
B They are interbreeding species.
C They are two genetically distant species.
D They depend on each other for survival
5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s, because scientists
A identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.
B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.
C thought there was only on, mosquito species.
D did not know what species sees being studied.
答案與解析：
1. 分析文章標(biāo)題： “Hidden”(隱藏的) species(物種) may be surprisingly(令人驚訝地) common(共同的，常見(jiàn)的，普通的)
分析：文章主題涉及到對(duì)生物物種的分析和介紹。
2.直接解題：
1，Which of the following (下列哪項(xiàng))about(關(guān)于) the significance(意義，重要性) of the research on (關(guān)于...的研究)cryptic(隱蔽性的) species(物種) is NOT true?
A The results(結(jié)果) of the research can help(幫助) the development(發(fā)展，研制， 患病) of many other (其他許多的)research areas(地區(qū)，領(lǐng)域)
B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity(生物多樣性) estimates(估計(jì)).
C The results of the research can help our understanding(理解) of infectious disease (傳染病)evolution(演變，進(jìn)展).
D. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival(生存) of the fittest(最適合的(生物)).
1.D.利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)詞(research)備選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(字體加粗的文字)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species (隱蔽性物種)animals that appear (看起來(lái))identical (相同的)but are genetically(在基因上) quite (非常)distant(關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)的)一may be much more widespread(普遍的，分布廣的) than previously(以前) thought. The findings(研究發(fā)現(xiàn))(與research 相關(guān)) could have major(較多的，主要的) implications(暗示) in areas(領(lǐng)域) ranging from (范圍涉及從...到...)biodiversity (生物多樣性)estimates (估計(jì))and wildlife management(野生動(dòng)物管理)，to our understanding of infectious diseases (傳染性疾病)and evolution(演變).
答案相關(guān)句(第1段第2句)說(shuō)：研究結(jié)果為廣泛的研究領(lǐng)城提供很多啟示， 包括生物多樣性研究.還能幫助我們理解傳染疾病及其演變。 所以選項(xiàng)A,B,C都是正確的。
2. What was scientists(科學(xué)家)' understanding(理解) of cryptic species(隱蔽性物種)?
A They occurred(發(fā)生， 出現(xiàn)) in equal(同等的，合適的) numbers(數(shù)量) in all biogeographical regions(生物地理區(qū)域)
B They were mostly(主要地) found in insects(昆蟲(chóng)) and reptiles(爬行動(dòng)物).
C They were likely to (可能)be in tropical(熱帶的) rather than (而不是)temperate (溫和的)regions(區(qū)域)
D Both B and C
2.D.利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(scientists)和被選項(xiàng)中的細(xì)節(jié)信息結(jié)構(gòu)(字體加粗的文字)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. (第一題答案相關(guān)句)The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt(法蘭克福大學(xué))’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
(第3段) Scientists had previously(以前) speculated(曾經(jīng)推測(cè))that cryptic species were predominantly((在數(shù)量等上)占優(yōu)勢(shì)地/主要地) found in insects and reptiles(爬行動(dòng)物)，and were more likely to (更可能)occur(出現(xiàn)) in tropical (熱帶的)rather than temperate(溫和的) regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as (高達(dá))30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
答案相關(guān)句(第三段第一句)講述了科學(xué)家們?cè)谶^(guò)去對(duì)隱蔽性物種的一些推測(cè)，根據(jù)該句內(nèi)容判斷D是答案。
3. Do scientists(科學(xué)家) know how many (多少)cryptic species exist(存在)?
A Not yet(還， 尚).
B Yes. they do.
C They will know the answer(答案) in another(另外的，不同的) one or two years.
D They will never know the answer.
3.A.順著上一題的答案相關(guān)句位置往下查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Pfennninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
(第2題答案相關(guān)句)Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until(直到) the genetic information (遺傳信息)of all species(物種) in at least (至少)one taxon(生物的分類單元) is thoroughly(徹底地) studied(研究), no one (沒(méi)有人)will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as (高達(dá))30%，”P(pán)fenninger says.
答案相關(guān)句(第3段倒數(shù)第2句)表明科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人們目前還不了解隱蔽性物種存在的數(shù)量。
4. Which of the following (下列哪項(xiàng))about the African bush elephant (非洲叢林大象)and the African elephant (非洲大象) is true?
A The WCU are interbreeding(雜種繁殖) those elephants
B They are interbreeding species.
C They are two genetically(在基因上，在遺傳上) distant(關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)的， 遙遠(yuǎn)的) species.
D They depend on (依靠...以得到...)each other (彼此)for survival(生存， 幸存)
4.C.利用問(wèn)題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(African bush elephant, African elephant)及備選項(xiàng)中的特征詞(WCU)和 備選項(xiàng)中的共有詞(interbreed)共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Planning and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. (第3題答案相關(guān)句)Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists (rope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
(第6段)Examples(例子) of cryptic species(隱蔽性物種) include(包括) the African elephant. (第2句)A 2001 study found(發(fā)現(xiàn)) the elephants were actually(實(shí)際上) two genetically distinct (不同的，清楚的) non-interbreeding (不可雜種繁殖的)species(物種),the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently (現(xiàn)在)listed as (被列為)vulnerable(易受攻擊的) and threatened(受到威脅的), respectively(分別地), by the World Conservation。
答案相關(guān)句(第6段第2句)說(shuō)“2001年的一個(gè)自然發(fā)現(xiàn)是大象之間也是基因差別較大，是屬于不可雜交的物種，非洲叢林大象和非洲大象就是這樣的例子”，由此判定C正確。
5. People were confused(困惑的)in(在...的過(guò)程中) their attempts(努力，嘗試) to (在他們努力地。。。的過(guò)程中)control(控制) malaria(瘧疾) in Europe(歐洲) in the early(早的， 早期的) 1900s, because scientists(科學(xué)家)_____.
A identified(識(shí)別) only(僅僅) one mosquito(蚊子) species instead of (而不是)six species.
B thought(認(rèn)為) only three mosquito(蚊子) species transmitted(傳播， 傳輸) disease(疾病).
C thought there was only one mosquito species.
D did not know(知道) what species was being studied(正在被研究) .
5.A.利用問(wèn)題句中的特征結(jié)構(gòu)(in the early 1900s, Europe)，細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(malaria)及備選項(xiàng)中的共有詞(mosquito)共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句：
Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant一may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management，to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Mark Planning and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt’s Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species aad discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branch, of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles，and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality he many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Henninger. Until the genetic information of all species'. in at least one texon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high. as 30%，”P(pán)fenninger says
"I'm extremely surprised by their results." says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph`Intririo'. Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing.
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonumic groups is completed. Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant.(第4題答案相關(guān)句) A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise: They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whom genetic differences that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification(錯(cuò)誤辨識(shí)) of mosquito species based on (基于...的)morphology(形態(tài)學(xué)) confused(使...困惑/混亂)attempts(努力) to control malaria in Europe. (在20世紀(jì)初期，基于形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)蚊子物種進(jìn)行的錯(cuò)誤辨識(shí)擾亂了控制歐洲瘧疾的工作). Ultimately(最終), what was thought(認(rèn)為) to be a single(單個(gè)的， 單身的) species was actually made up of (由...組成)six sibling (兄弟， 姐妹)species, only three of which transmitted(傳播) the disease(疾病). “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with,” Pfenninger said. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was studied.
答案相關(guān)句(文章最后一段前兩句)說(shuō)：歐洲20世紀(jì)初基于形態(tài)學(xué)對(duì)蚊子的錯(cuò)誤分類影響了對(duì)瘧疾的控制， 這個(gè)原本認(rèn)為是一個(gè)單一類型的物種是由六個(gè)分類物種組成， 而其中僅有三個(gè)分類物種傳播疾病，因此A是答案。