職稱英語理工類AB級概括大意典型例題(1)

字號:

The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World
    1. Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar engine might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.
    2. The motor works by shuffling atoms between two molten metal droplets in a carbon nanotube. One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows – but never gets as big as the other droplet – and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke2.
    3. The technique exploits the fact that surface tension -- the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist separating -- becomes more important at small scales3. Surface tension is the same thing that allows some insects to walk on water.
    4. Although the amount of energy produced is small -- 20 microwatts -- it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor4. The whole setup5 is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times smaller than the width of a human hair. If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine6, it would be 100 million times more powerful than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.
    5. In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating micromotor, which was 100 microns across7, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl's group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.
    6. Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists envision a day when nanomachines, powered by nanomotors, travel inside yur body to find disease and repair damaged cells.
    詞匯:
    shuffle v. 來回運動 nanometer n. 納米,毫微米
    molten adj. 熔化的 micromotor n. 微電機
    droplet n. 小滴
    nanotube n. 納米管 nanoconveyor n. 納米傳送帶 nanotechnology n. 納米技術
    bump v. 碰撞 mimic v. 模仿
    sop v. 吸入
    stroke n. 行程,沖程
    microwatt n. 微瓦 nanomotor n. 納米發(fā)動機
    nanomachine n. 納米機器
    注釋:
    1. ever:比以往任何時候,曾經(jīng)。如:
    This is the best book I have ever read.
    (這是我讀過的書中的一本。)
    2. power stroke:動力行程
    3. at small scales:在小等級上。這里指的是 “在納米等級上”。
    4. it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor:與電動機的小等級相比,功率是相當可觀了。in relation to 是“與……相比”。如:
    The city is quite large in relation to its population.
    (就人口而言,這個城市相當?shù)拇蟆?
    5.setup:裝置。這里指 nanomotor。
    6.If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine:如果納米電動機能按比例放大到汽車發(fā)動機的尺寸。scale…up to 是 “把……按比例放大到……”。
    7.across:從一端到另一端
    練習:
    1.Paragraph 2 A An introduction of a Toyota’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.
    2.Paragraph 4 B A description of the nanomotor in terms of power and size.
    3.Paragraph 5 C Surface tension.
    4.Paragraph 6 D Previous inventions of nanoscale products.
    E The working principle of the nanomotor.
    F Possible fields of application in the future.
    5.Doctors envision that the nanomotor would travel through human bodies to __________ .
    6.Surface tension means the tendency of atoms or molecules to __________ .
    7.Nanoconveyors could be used.to __________ .
    8.Applying a small electric current causes atoms to __________ .
    A remove disease
    B resist separating
    C shuffle between two molten metal droplets
    D power nanomachines
    E sop up molecules from the large droplet
    F transport nanoscale objects
    答案與題解:
    1.分析文章標題:The Tiniest(最小的) Electric(電動的) Motor(發(fā)動機) in the World(在世界上)
    文章主題詞:the tiniest, electric motor
    2. 分析被選項小標題:
    A An introduction(引入, 介紹) of a Toyota(豐田汽車)’s 225 horsepower (馬力)V6 engine(發(fā)動機)(motor的近義詞).
    B A description(描述) of the nanomotor(納米發(fā)動機
    ) in terms of (在...方面)power(動力, 權力) and size(大小,尺寸).
    C Surface tension(表面張力).
    D Previous(以前的, 早先的) inventions(發(fā)明) of nanoscale(納米級的) products(產(chǎn)品).
    E The working principle (工作原理)of the nanomotor(納米發(fā)動機).
    F Possible(可能的) fields(領域, 天地, 運動場) of application(運用) in the future(將來).
    分析:A, B, D和E與文章主題相關, 因此成為答案可能性較大, 而C和F初看起來偏離文章主題,因此成為答案的可能較小。
    3.解答概括大意題
    A. An introduction(引入, 介紹) of a Toyota(豐田汽車)’s 225 horsepower (馬力)V6 engine(發(fā)動機)(motor的近義詞).
    B. A description(描述) of the nanomotor(納米發(fā)動機
    ) in terms of (在...方面)power(動力, 權力) and size(大小,尺寸).
    C. Surface tension緊張(狀態(tài)), 拉緊, 張力(表面張力).
    D. Previous(以前的, 早先的) inventions(發(fā)明) of nanoscale(納米級的) products(產(chǎn)品).
    E. The working principle (工作原理)of the nanomotor(納米發(fā)動機). F. Possible(可能的) fields(領域, 天地, 運動場) of application(運用) in the future(將來).
    1. Paragraph 2 ____.
    (第1段)Scientists recently made public the tiniest electric motor ever built. You could stuff hundreds of them into the period at the end of this sentence. One day a similar(相似的) engine(發(fā)動機)might power a tiny mechanical doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.
    (第2段)The motor works by shuffling(來回移動) atoms(原子) between(在...之間) two molten(熔化的) metal(金屬) droplets (小滴) in a carbon(碳) nanotube(納米管). One droplet is even smaller than the other. When a small electric current is applied to the droplets, atoms slowly get out of the larger droplet and join the smaller one. The small droplet grows – but never gets as big as the other droplet – and eventually bumps into the large droplet. As they touch, the large droplet rapidly sops up the atoms it had previously lost. This quick shift in energy produces a power stroke.
    1.E 借助段落主題詞droplet關注段首句, 段首句就是該段主題句, 該句內(nèi)容與E一致。從該段具體內(nèi)容上看: 該段介紹了納米發(fā)動機的工作原理:兩小滴金屬熔液通上微弱電流,大的小滴的原子就會緩慢逸出,加入小的小滴,后者體積不斷增大,到一定階段,就會與前者碰撞,這時,大的小滴便奪回它失去的原子,這就是一次 power stroke (動力行程,動力沖程),此時就會產(chǎn)生發(fā)動機的動功。原子如此來來去去運動,就象發(fā)動機活塞一樣。這就是納米發(fā)動機的工作原理。由此也可以判斷出E 是答案。
    提示1:如果段落中某個詞多次重復出現(xiàn), 至少重復出現(xiàn)3次以上, 而且是貫穿整個段落出現(xiàn), 則這個詞通常就是其所在段落的主題詞; 如果段落中某個詞與其近義詞, 或家族詞匯在段落中出現(xiàn)了至少3處以上, 而且也是貫穿整個段落出現(xiàn), 則該詞及其家族詞匯或近義詞通常就是其所在段落的主題詞。
    提示2:段落小標題通常應該直接包括段落主題詞或間接涉及段落主題詞, 如:段落中出現(xiàn)段落主題詞的家族詞匯,近義詞, 或在意義上與段路主題詞呼應。
    A. An introduction(引入, 介紹) of a Toyota(豐田汽車)’s 225 horsepower (馬力)V6 engine(發(fā)動機)(motor的近義詞).
    B. A description(描述) of the nanomotor(納米發(fā)動機
    ) in terms of (在...方面)power(動力, 權力) and size(大小,尺寸). C. Surface tension(表面張力).
    D. Previous(以前的, 早先的) inventions(發(fā)明) of nanoscale(納米級的) products(產(chǎn)品).
    F. Possible(可能的) fields(領域, 天地, 運動場) of application(運用) in the future(將來).
    2. paragraph 4 ___.
    Although the amount of energy produced is small -- 20 microwatts -- it is quite impressive in relation to the tiny scale of the motor. The whole setup is less than 200 nanometers on a side, or hundreds of times(倍/時期/次) smaller than the width(寬度) of a human hair(頭發(fā)). If it could be scaled up to the size of an automobile engine, it would be 100 million times more powerful(強大的) than a Toyota Camry’s 225 horsepower V6 engine.
    2.B motor及engine很可能就是其所在段落的主題詞。 由此判斷A或B可能是答案。借助段落中的細節(jié)信息結構(涉及到數(shù)字的結構, 分別描述大小和動力), 由此判斷B是答案。
    提示3:
    段落中出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)信息結構(尤其涉及到數(shù)字的信息)也是重要的解題線索。
    A. An introduction(引入, 介紹) of a Toyota(豐田汽車)’s 225 horsepower (馬力)V6 engine(發(fā)動機)(motor的近義詞).
    C. Surface tension(表面張力).
    D. Previous(以前的, 早先的) inventions(發(fā)明) of nanoscale(納米級的) products(產(chǎn)品).
    F. Possible(可能的) fields(領域, 天地, 運動場) of application(運用) in the future(將來).
    3. paragraph 5 ___.
    In 1988, Professor Richard Muller and colleagues made the first operating (工作的, 操作的)micromotor(微型發(fā)動機), which was 100 microns across, or about the thickness of a human hair. In 2003, Zettl's group created the first nanoscale motor. In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor(納米傳送帶), which moves tiny particles along like cars in a factory.
    3. D 段落中出現(xiàn)了典型細節(jié)信息結構, --涉及到數(shù)字的時間,從過去的時間到現(xiàn)在的時間,由此判斷段落主題與關于歷史的敘述相關。 因此D是答案。從段落的具體內(nèi)容上看, 該段介紹了發(fā)明納米發(fā)動機之前的一些納米等級的機械產(chǎn)品,如體積大一些的納米發(fā)動機,微型發(fā)動機,納米傳送帶,納米機器等。選項 D 概括了本段的大意。
    A. An introduction(引入, 介紹) of a Toyota(豐田汽車)’s 225 horsepower (馬力)V6 engine(發(fā)動機)(motor的近義詞).
    C. Surface tension(表面張力).
    F. Possible(可能的) fields(領域, 天地, 運動場) of application(運用) in the future(將來).
    4. paragraph 6 ___.
    Nanotechnology engineers try to mimic nature, building things atom-by-atom. Among other things, nanomotors could be used in optical circuits to redirect light, a process called optical switching. Futurists (未來主義者)envision(想象) a day when nanomachines, powered(被供以動力) by nanomotors, travel(旅行) inside your body to find disease (疾?。゛nd repair(修復) damaged(受損的) cells(細胞).
    4. F Nanomotors是段落主題詞,關注多次涉及段落主題詞的段尾句內(nèi)容與F一致。 因此F是答案。 從內(nèi)容上看:第六段預想了納米發(fā)動機的用途,如用于光電路以改變光的方向 (redirect light) 和驅(qū)動納米機器進入人體,消滅病灶。選項 F “Possible fields of application in the future” 概括了本段的大意。
    A. remove(去除, 移動) disease(疾?。?BR>    B. resist separating
    C. shuffle between two molten metal droplets
    D. power nanomachine
    E. sop up molecules from the large droplet
    F. transport nanoscale objects
    被選項語法結構特征一致, 都是動詞短語結構。
    5.Doctors(醫(yī)生) envision(幻想) that the nanomotor(納米發(fā)動機) would travel through(穿越) human bodies to __________ .
    5.答案是 A。題干出現(xiàn) doctors envision,選項的內(nèi)容應與醫(yī)學有關,選項 A 是 remove disease, 正好與題干的內(nèi)容相配,是答案。也可利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息詞doctor作為答案線索, 在文章中查找答案相關句:
    (第一段)One day a similar(相似的) engine(發(fā)動機) might power(給...提供動力) a tiny(微小的) mechanical(機械的) doctor that would travel through your body to remove your disease.
    B. resist(反抗) separating(分開)
    C. shuffle between two molten metal droplets
    D. power nanomachine
    E. sop up molecules from the large droplet
    F. transport nanoscale objects
    6.Surface tension (表面張力)means(意味著) the tendency(傾向/趨勢) of atoms(原子) or molecules (分子)to __________
    6. B 利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息詞(surface tension)作為答案線索, 在第三段第一句找到答案相關句: “surface tension -- the tendency of atoms or molecules to resist(抗拒, 反抗) separating(分開)-- becomes more important(重要的) at small scales(級別)”。
    C. shuffle between two molten metal droplets
    D. power nanomachine
    E. sop up molecules from the large droplet
    F. transport(運輸) nanoscale(納米等級的) objects(物品, 東西)
    7.Nanoconveyors(納米傳送帶) could be used to(被用于) __________ .
    7.F 題干的 nanoconveyor 提示我們,納米傳送帶的功能自然是傳送納米等級的物體,所以F 是答案。也可以利用問題句中的細節(jié)信息詞(nanoconveyors)作為答案線索,找到答案相關句:In 2006, they built a nanoconveyor, which moves(移動) tiny(微小的) particles(粒子) along( 往前) like(象) cars in a factory(工廠). F是定語從句的概括句。
    C. shuffle(來回移動) between two molten metal droplets
    D. power nanomachine
    E. sop up(吸收) molecules from the large droplet
    8.Applying(應用, 申請, 施加) a small electric current (電流)causes(造成) atoms(原子) to __________ .
    8.C 利用題干的細節(jié)信息結構a small electric current作為答案線索, 在文章中找到答案相關句。
    When a small electric current is applied to (被施加到)the droplets(小滴), atoms(原子) slowly get out of (從...出來)the larger(更大的) droplet and join(加入) the smaller one. The small droplet grows(增大) – but never gets as big as (與...一樣大)the other droplet – and eventually(最終) bumps into (撞擊)the large droplet. As they touch(接觸), the large droplet rapidly(迅速地) sops up(吸收) the atoms(原子) it had previously(以前) lost(失去). This quick shift in (變化) energy(能量) //produces(產(chǎn)生) a power stroke(動力形成). E是對該段內(nèi)容的概括。