新東方TOEFL復(fù)習(xí)筆記(第二部分:語法筆記)2(3)

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5)To do…,svo.  Inf的邏輯主語與句子主語可一致也可不一致:
    eg:To made stereo effects, two recordings are made the some
    performances.
    6)Alough to do…,svo. X
    If to do…,svo. X
    位于句首做狀語的inf前不可加狀語引導(dǎo)詞。
    *when to do,句子。X
    句子,when to do. X
    在TOEFL中,when to do一般不選。
    v)賓補法則:(講義 51-54)
    We appointed him +CEO. (CEO:賓補)
    主  謂 賓  賓補     (主動)
    He was appointed +CES.
    主  謂       主補 (被動)
    主動為賓補,被動為主補。
    補語:使句子完整。
    賓補:某些vt接obj后,句意不完整,必須加一個n或者adj,所加的n.或者adj,
    即為賓補,分詞也可以。這些vt為:appoint, elect, consider, name, call,
    make.
    1) elect:主動:sb/sth elect sb sth.
    被動:sb be elect a)+職位
    b)+to+機構(gòu)
    c)+to+the office of+職務(wù)
    2) consider:在TOEFL中,從不說consider as
    主動:sb / sth consider n1+(to be)+n2/a.賓補
    被動:n1+be considered+to be+n2/a.主補
    *consider+n1+n2在考試中優(yōu)先選擇。
    3)name 主動:sb/sth name sb sth
    被動:sb be named sth
    4)賓語后置:(賓語太長)
    make sth possible = make possible sth
    bring sth to sb / sw = bring to sb /sw sth
    bring sth together = bring together sth
    bring sth to light揭示…,發(fā)現(xiàn)… = bring to light sth
    w)it結(jié)構(gòu)?。ㄖv義55-57)
    *___ n. (新題P183 15 / 講義 57)
    答案一般選sub+謂語,優(yōu)先選擇there be,一定不選it is /they’re,it is不
    位于句首:It is a book. X一般TOEFL中考:
    1) 強調(diào)句型
    It’s / was +被強調(diào)部分+that / who +其余部分 
    被強調(diào)部分+其余部分=句子。
    a) 可強調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語,但是不可鄙強調(diào)定語、謂語。
    b) 強調(diào)人時,that / who均可,其余均用that
    c) 后面句子為過去時態(tài),用was,其余用is
    *___ who…,___that… (講義 55)
    優(yōu)先選擇it is / was +ڤ
    2) 形式主/賓語
    it+be+adj/分詞+ to do        it:形式主語
    that clause
    eg:It is easy to pass TOEFL.
    It was once believed that+句子
    形式賓語:s+vi+it+adj. / 分詞+ to do / that clause. It:形式主語
    sub+make+it+possible+to do / that