r)adj級(jí)的省略結(jié)構(gòu): (講義 40 41)
the most improtant of all books
the most elaborate of all birdnests
the+a.級(jí)+單數(shù)n. X +of 復(fù)數(shù)n. 一樣錯(cuò)
*單數(shù)n.必須省略,則the+a.級(jí)+of+n.(pl.)
n.(可代替)→ ad. X / v.過(guò)去時(shí)X
a. n.(sing) of √ *the a.原級(jí) of+ the restfulof X
the poor of √
s)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式作謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu):(講義 42 43)
She set set-set-set
It cost cost-cost-cost
It spread spread-spread-spread
t)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) (講義 44-46)
46條:Automatons programmed… 非謂語(yǔ),整個(gè)句子少謂語(yǔ)
lack a. be lack of
vi. be lack in
vt. Sub+lack+obj
*如何判斷n+v-ed是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)?eg:n+called call-called-called
We called him Bush. 主動(dòng),過(guò)去式,謂語(yǔ)
He was called Bush. 被動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞,謂語(yǔ)
…a boy called Bush? 被動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞,后置定語(yǔ)
根據(jù)主/被動(dòng)確定,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為過(guò)去式,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為過(guò)去分詞,被動(dòng)式中有be即
是非謂語(yǔ)。
*n+v-ed,先從邏輯上判斷名詞與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的關(guān)系,主動(dòng)為過(guò)去式,是謂語(yǔ),
考試時(shí)留下,被動(dòng)是過(guò)去分詞,沒(méi)有be,則是后置定語(yǔ),考試時(shí)劃掉不看。
u)邏輯主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu): (講義 47-50)
1) Doing…,svo.
Done…,svo.
動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者/承受者為邏輯主語(yǔ),*位于句首做狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ),也
就是句子的主語(yǔ)。(47)
2) n1+doing…,n2vo.
n1+doing…,n2vo.
分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致,即為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在n1前可加with /
without
3)(n2)prep+n1,svo. ?。ㄖv義 49 / 新題 P104 10)
前后主謂要一致
4)Alough +doing…,svo.
If+done…,svo.
位于句首,做狀語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)顯然可以加狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞alough though
even though if as when while
eg:When traveling in New York, Tom met many intrersting people..