口訣二 去掉獨(dú)立成分,答案自然現(xiàn)身
這一口訣主要是用來解"填空"題的.我們所遇到的情況更多是題干的句子較長(zhǎng)而且關(guān)系復(fù)雜,如按傳統(tǒng)的方法先搞清楚句子內(nèi)部關(guān)系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相應(yīng)缺少的成分——不但耗時(shí)很多,而且把握不大.這里,我們介紹的方法則簡(jiǎn)便了許多:將具有"獨(dú)立"意義的句子 成分去掉——如果這時(shí)主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考慮——只考慮剩下,不"獨(dú)立"的成分.這樣,關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)單了,正確答案也就容易找到了.而且絕大部分情況下,在"語法"層次—— 即不弄懂句義的情況下——即可選出正確答案.
那么,都有哪些成分時(shí)"獨(dú)立成分"呢?主要有以下幾種:
1.副詞和不是用作前置定語的分詞;
2.不定式,介詞,分詞,同位語等短語;
3.所有的從句.
這種方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我們來看幾個(gè)例句:
(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.
A. occupied B. occupying
C. which D. were occupied
如果按照上面提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,這個(gè)句子的題干就應(yīng)該時(shí)這樣的:
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介詞短語)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短語)(of pottery and fireplaces介詞短語)(at sites介詞短語)——(by early humans.介詞短語) 將這些"獨(dú)立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于題干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作為答案的選項(xiàng)也必須是一個(gè)"獨(dú)立成分".在不考慮詞義的情況下,A,B,C3個(gè)選項(xiàng)似乎都可以.但是,如果B項(xiàng)可以的話,C也一定可以.反面證明兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不 行,答案自然是A了.
(8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
A. only a few B. a few but
C. few, but only D. a few only
還是按照前面提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,這個(gè)句子的題干部分就會(huì)變成下面這樣:
(During the late fifteenth century介詞短語),——(of the native societies of America介詞短語)had professions (in the fields介詞短語)(of arts and crafts 介詞短語).把獨(dú)立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主語.答案自然就是A了.
這一口訣主要是用來解"填空"題的.我們所遇到的情況更多是題干的句子較長(zhǎng)而且關(guān)系復(fù)雜,如按傳統(tǒng)的方法先搞清楚句子內(nèi)部關(guān)系,分辨出句子的基本意思,再找出相應(yīng)缺少的成分——不但耗時(shí)很多,而且把握不大.這里,我們介紹的方法則簡(jiǎn)便了許多:將具有"獨(dú)立"意義的句子 成分去掉——如果這時(shí)主句不缺少成分的化,也不予以考慮——只考慮剩下,不"獨(dú)立"的成分.這樣,關(guān)系簡(jiǎn)單了,正確答案也就容易找到了.而且絕大部分情況下,在"語法"層次—— 即不弄懂句義的情況下——即可選出正確答案.
那么,都有哪些成分時(shí)"獨(dú)立成分"呢?主要有以下幾種:
1.副詞和不是用作前置定語的分詞;
2.不定式,介詞,分詞,同位語等短語;
3.所有的從句.
這種方式究竟有多大的作用呢?下面我們來看幾個(gè)例句:
(7) Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites —— by early humans.
A. occupied B. occupying
C. which D. were occupied
如果按照上面提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,這個(gè)句子的題干就應(yīng)該時(shí)這樣的:
(Geophysicists have collaborated主句)(with archaeologists and anthropologists介詞短語)(to study the magnetic properties不定式短語)(of pottery and fireplaces介詞短語)(at sites介詞短語)——(by early humans.介詞短語) 將這些"獨(dú)立成分"都去掉后就只剩下"Geophysicists have collaborated".由于題干的主句及其它部分都不缺少成分,作為答案的選項(xiàng)也必須是一個(gè)"獨(dú)立成分".在不考慮詞義的情況下,A,B,C3個(gè)選項(xiàng)似乎都可以.但是,如果B項(xiàng)可以的話,C也一定可以.反面證明兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不 行,答案自然是A了.
(8) During the late fifteenth century, —— of the native societies fo America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
A. only a few B. a few but
C. few, but only D. a few only
還是按照前面提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去衡量,這個(gè)句子的題干部分就會(huì)變成下面這樣:
(During the late fifteenth century介詞短語),——(of the native societies of America介詞短語)had professions (in the fields介詞短語)(of arts and crafts 介詞短語).把獨(dú)立成分去掉后就只剩下 "—— had professions".一眼即可看出,句子缺少主語.答案自然就是A了.