托福語法指導(dǎo)-名詞及真題要點(diǎn)解析

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有關(guān)名詞的題目在歷屆TOEEL考試中占相當(dāng)大的比例,但題形卻非常單一易解。名詞的命題焦點(diǎn)主要集中在名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題上。試題通常分布在written Expression (16-40題〕中。名詞的考題過于簡單。反而易被忽略,所以還應(yīng)當(dāng)加倍留意。
    名詞??碱}型及解題要點(diǎn)
    1. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)概念必須加-s,不可數(shù)名詞任何時候都不可接-s
    全真例題分析
    (1) Every year Colorado is visited by millions of tourists who come for a variety of teason. (92.8)
    [答案] D reason為可數(shù)名詞,a varity of 表示多數(shù)概念,故(D)應(yīng)改為reasons。
    (2)Rebecca Latimer, a political commentator and the author of several book ,was the first woman to become a United States senator. (92.10)
    [答案] C book為可數(shù)名詞,several表示多數(shù)概念,故(C)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式books。
    (3) The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of papers but as a record of geographically organized information. (91.1)
    [答案] C paper表示“紙張”時是不可數(shù)名詞,不能接-s。
    (4) Andrew Wyeth is famous for his realistic and thoughtful paintings of person and plans in rural Pennsylvania and Maine (93.5)
    [答案] C person為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)句意,這里應(yīng)是多數(shù)概念的people。
    2. 名詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其前面的修飾成分一致
    解題要點(diǎn) 下述單詞和短語決定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):a / an every much many some several this those other one of…等等
    全真例題分析
    (1) A time zone is a slightly irregular north-south belts that extends from pole to pole (92.10)
    [答案] C 中心名詞belts前有不定冠詞a,故應(yīng)改為單數(shù)belt。A / an與其中心名詞之間隔有冗長的定語成分,此名詞常是考題焦點(diǎn)。
    (2) Although mockingbirds superbly mimicthe songs and calls of many bird they can nonetheless be quickly identified as mockingbirds by certain aural clues. (94.1)
    [答案] B bird為不可數(shù)名詞,它前面的修飾語many即決定了它應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    (3) The fritillaries, one of the largest group of bufferflies, are found not only in this country but in many other pants of the world as well (94.5)
    [答案] A 短語one of…后面必須接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,即groups。
    (4) Manganese does exist naturally in a pure state because it reacts so easily with other element. (91.1)
    [答案] D 形容詞other后面接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞,故element 應(yīng)加-s.
    (5) In 1987 the sales of ice cream in the United States amounted to fifteen quarts per year for every persons in the country. (92.1)
    [答案] D 形容詞every后面應(yīng)接單數(shù)名詞,即person。
    3. 名詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與謂語動詞一致
    全真例題分析
    (1) Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized in the United States are for foods and beverages. (92.5)
    [答案] A 主語是package的百分比率,謂語動詞are則決定了package的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
    (2) Human being have thirty-three or thirty-four vertebrate, bat a snake may have as many as three hundred. (93.8)
    [答案] A 謂語動詞have表明主語應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,即human beings。
    (3) Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth tantalizing secret of the planet are concealed. (91.10)
    [答案] C 謂語動詞are 決定了主語secret應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)形式-s。
    4. 一個名詞修飾限定另一個名詞時,第一個名詞只能用單數(shù)形式
    解題要點(diǎn) 當(dāng)你看到兩個名詞連用時,一定留意第一個名詞的單數(shù)的形式。
    全真例題分析
    (1) Employments agencies bring together persons qualified for specific jobs and employers who have those jobs available (90.10)
    [答案] A 名詞emplogments修飾說明后面的名詞agencies,其作用相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,故應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
    (2) Acrylic paint enables artists to experiment with many colors effects. (90.5)
    [答案] D名詞colors修飾說明effects,應(yīng)用其單數(shù)形式。
    (3) Susan Sontag*s aversion to the traditional critical practice of extracting morals meanings from art is reflected in her novels. (92.1)
    [答案] B morals應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式修飾后面的名詞meanings。