口譯資料

字號(hào):

高級(jí)口譯筆記——文化交流(Cultural Exchange)
    一、詞匯漢字的四聲(平聲、上聲、仄聲和去聲) the four tones of Chinese characters, namely, the level tone, the rising tone, the falling-rising tone, and the falling tone筆畫(huà) stroke部首 radical偏旁 basic character component象形文字 pictograph
    獨(dú)角戲 monodrama/one-man play皮影戲 shadow play折子戲 opera highlights單口相聲 monologue comic talk對(duì)口相聲 comic cross talk說(shuō)書(shū) monologue story-telling傳說(shuō) legend神話(huà) mythology寓言 fable
    武術(shù) martial art氣功 controlled breathing exercise氣功療法 breathing technique therapy春聯(lián) spring couplet剪紙 paper-cut戲劇臉譜 theatrical mask
    草藥的四氣:寒、熱、溫、涼 four properties of medicinal herb: cold, hot, warm and cool草藥的五味:酸、苦、甘、辛、咸 five tastes of medicinal herb: sour, bitter, sweet, hot and salty
    二十四節(jié)氣 the twenty-four solar terms天干地支 the heavenly stems and earthly branches清明節(jié) the Pure Brightness Day端午節(jié) the Dragon Boat Festival中秋節(jié) the Mid-Autumn Festival
    文化事業(yè) cultural undertaking民族文化 national culture民間文化 folk culture鄉(xiāng)土文化 native/country culture跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication文化沖擊 culture shock
    表演藝術(shù) performing art舞臺(tái)藝術(shù) stage art流行藝術(shù) popular/pop art高雅藝術(shù) elegant/high art電影藝術(shù) cinematographic art
    十四行詩(shī) sonnet三幕六場(chǎng)劇 a three-act and six-scene play音樂(lè)舞臺(tái)劇 musical
    復(fù)活節(jié) Easter萬(wàn)圣節(jié) Halloween
    內(nèi)容與形式的統(tǒng)一 unity of content and form
    古為今用,洋為中用。
    Make the past serve the present and the foreign serve China.中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久、文化燦爛的多民族國(guó)家。
    China is a multinational country with a long history and splendid culture.文化交流不是讓外國(guó)文化吞沒(méi)自己的文化,而是為了豐富和充實(shí)本民族的文化。
    Cultural exchange is by no means a process of losing one's won culture to a foreign culture, but one of inriching a nation's own culture.
    二、練習(xí)[難度指數(shù)]☆☆☆[難易程度]a piece of cake筷子起源于中國(guó),現(xiàn)在許多亞洲國(guó)家都使用它。第一批筷子是骨頭或玉制成的。在春秋時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了銅制和鐵制的筷子。
    在古代,富人家用玉或金子制成筷子以顯示其家庭的富有。許多帝王有銀制的筷子來(lái)檢查他們的食物是否被投了毒。
    友情提示:
    筷子:chopsticks玉:jade
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——旅游觀(guān)光(Tourism)
    一、詞匯中國(guó)國(guó)家旅游局 China National Tourism Administration中國(guó)國(guó)際旅行社 China International Travel Service旅游管理局 tourist administration burear旅行社 travel service/agency旅游公司 tourism company春/秋游 spring/autumn outing假日旅行 vacation tour
    目的地 destination自然景觀(guān) natural scenery/attraction人文景觀(guān) places of historic figures and cultural heritage名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers名勝古跡 scenic spots and historical sites佛教名山 famous Buddhist mountain五岳 five great mountains避暑山莊 mountain resort度假勝地 holiday resort避暑勝地 summer resort
    自然保護(hù)區(qū) nature reserve國(guó)家公園 national park旅游景點(diǎn) tourist attraction古建筑群 ancient architectural complex園林建筑 garden architecture
    山水風(fēng)光 scenery with mountains and rivers誘人景色 inviting views湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills青山綠水 green hills and clear waters景色如畫(huà) picturesque views
    金石印章 metal and stone seals石刻碑文 stone inscriptions
    天下第一泉 the finest spring under heaven石舫 stone boat水榭 waterside house蓮花池 lotus pond
    國(guó)畫(huà) traditional Chinese painting山水/水墨畫(huà) landscape/ink painting
    手工藝品 artifact; handicrafts陶器 earthenware折扇 folding fan木/竹/貝雕 wood/bamboo/shell carving聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織 UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP gross national product國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP gross domestic product
    二、例句1.桂林山水甲天下,陽(yáng)朔山水甲桂林。
    Guilin landscape tops those elsewhere, and Yangshuo landscape tops that of Guilin. 2.這座寺廟歷史悠久,可追溯到初唐時(shí)期。
    The temple has a long history dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty. 3.該城市有全國(guó)規(guī)模、最負(fù)盛名的園林。
    The city boasts the largest and the most famous garden in the country.
    三、練習(xí)上海市英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯資格證書(shū)實(shí)考試題[難度指數(shù)]☆☆☆[難易程度]適中加拿大幅員遼闊,其面積僅次于俄羅斯??墒撬挥?600萬(wàn)人,是聯(lián)合王國(guó)人口的一半還不到。
    國(guó)土的三分之一覆蓋著森林,還有大片的草原,無(wú)數(shù)的湖泊和河流。其氣候差異甚大。
    除了溫哥華以外,冬天異常寒冷。加拿大的夏天總的來(lái)說(shuō)天氣暖和,特別是內(nèi)陸地區(qū),因此你只需要輕薄的衣服。
    溫哥華 Vancouver
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——人物訪(fǎng)談(Interview)
    VOCABLULARY采訪(fǎng)人 interviewer被采訪(fǎng)人 interviewee
    常駐記者 resident correspondent特派記者 staff correspondent駐外國(guó)記者 foreign correspondent
    現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道 on-the-spot report; live report新聞發(fā)布會(huì) news briefing記者招待會(huì) press/news conference
    消息靈通人士 well-informed source權(quán)威人士/來(lái)源 authoritative source可靠消息 reliable news
    新聞/通訊稿 news release頭條新聞 top/headline news標(biāo)題新聞 headline news內(nèi)幕新聞 inside story花邊新聞 box news時(shí)事 current news雜聞 sidelights專(zhuān)題報(bào)道 special report
    專(zhuān)欄作家 columnist特約撰稿人 staff writer自由撰稿人 free-lancer
    無(wú)可奉告 no comment記者證 press card
    通訊社 news agency新華社 Xinhua News Agency路透社(英)Reuter's News Agency美聯(lián)社(美) Associated Press塔斯社(俄)TASS; Telegraphic Agency of Soviet Union每日電訊報(bào)(英) The Daily Telegraph紐約時(shí)報(bào) The New York Times華爾街時(shí)報(bào) The Wall Street Journal華盛頓郵報(bào) The Washington Post
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——信息時(shí)代(The Information Age)
    第一部分 詞匯新興產(chǎn)業(yè) emerging industry朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè) sunrise industry網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)業(yè) Internet industry
    虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual reality虛擬商店 virtual store
    兼容性計(jì)算機(jī)平臺(tái) compatible computing platform微型瀏覽器 microbrowser寬帶技術(shù) broadband technology撥號(hào)上網(wǎng)調(diào)制解調(diào)器 dial-up modem交互式多媒體 interactive multimedia交互式電子書(shū)籍 interactive e-book界面 interface無(wú)線(xiàn)掌上導(dǎo)航器 wireless palm pilot蜂窩通信 cellular communications家用電器 household electrical appliances
    局域網(wǎng) Intranet網(wǎng)站 website網(wǎng)民 netizen網(wǎng)吧 cybercafe網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界 cyber world網(wǎng)上貿(mào)易 cyberbusiness網(wǎng)上交易 networked transaction
    上市 be listed on the stock market市值 stock value稅后利潤(rùn) after-tax profit中國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì) China Securities Regulatory Commision納斯達(dá)克 NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations
    ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line,不對(duì)稱(chēng)數(shù)字訂閱線(xiàn)路Delphi:讀音/′delfai/,特爾斐,古希臘城市名,被古希臘人當(dāng)成世界的中心,因有阿波羅神殿而出名。在電腦英語(yǔ)中指美國(guó)寶蘭(Borland)公司的一種可視化、面向?qū)ο蟆⑹录?qū)動(dòng)的電腦編程語(yǔ)言。
    DLL:Dynamic Link Library, 動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù)DNS: Domain Name System,域名系統(tǒng)FTP: File Transfer Protocol,文件傳輸協(xié)議Ghost: General Hardware Oriented System Transfer,全面硬件導(dǎo)向系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)移HTML: HyperText Markup Language,超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol,超文本傳輸協(xié)議IP: Internet Protocol,網(wǎng)際協(xié)議ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network,綜合服務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)ISP: Internet Service Provider,因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商Java:由美國(guó)太陽(yáng)(Sun)公司推出的新型面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言。Java集面向?qū)ο?、平臺(tái)無(wú)關(guān)性、穩(wěn)固性、安全性、多線(xiàn)程等諸多特性于一體,增加了異常處理、網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程等方面的功能,特別適合于Internet應(yīng)用的開(kāi)發(fā),是實(shí)現(xiàn)“一個(gè)世界,一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”構(gòu)想的關(guān)鍵。用Java編寫(xiě)的各類(lèi)軟件能真正做到“Write Once,Run anywhere(一次寫(xiě)成,到處運(yùn)行)”,也就是說(shuō),相同的軟件可在不同計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行,無(wú)論是PC機(jī)、蘋(píng)果機(jī)、UNIX計(jì)算機(jī)、還是頂置盒、PDA(個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)助理)乃至智能元器件無(wú)一例外。
    LAN: Local Area Network,局域網(wǎng)MIDI:Musical Instrument Digital Interface,樂(lè)器數(shù)字接口MPEG:是Motion Picture Experts Group的,運(yùn)動(dòng)圖像專(zhuān)家組MSN: Microsoft Network,微軟網(wǎng)絡(luò)OCR:Optical Character Recognition, 光學(xué)字符識(shí)別OEM:Original Equipment Manufacturer, 原始設(shè)備制造商RAM:Random Access Memory,隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器,即人們常說(shuō)的“內(nèi)存”。
    ROM:Read-Only Memory,只讀存儲(chǔ)器。
    第二部分 例句據(jù)中國(guó)因特網(wǎng)信息中心的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),中國(guó)的公共網(wǎng)絡(luò)已覆蓋365個(gè)城市,上網(wǎng)電腦達(dá)520萬(wàn)臺(tái),經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)者達(dá)1,260萬(wàn)人以上,網(wǎng)址有32,000個(gè)。
    According to statistics from China Internet Network Information Center, the public network covers 365 cities, and the number of on-line computers reached 5.2 million, with 12.6 million regular Internet users and 23,000 web sites.
    今天的因特網(wǎng)具有強(qiáng)大的通信功能,它可以提供電子郵件、即時(shí)信息和聊天室等多種通信方式。
    Today's Internet is a powerful way to communicate, including e-mail, instant messaging and chatroom services.
    關(guān)注未來(lái)因特網(wǎng)的方法是了解今日的因特網(wǎng)存在著什么問(wèn)題。
    The best way of looking at the Internet of the future is to ask what is wrong with today's.
    今天,商務(wù)和通信二十四小時(shí)不停地進(jìn)行著。在有線(xiàn)電視的新聞節(jié)目中所報(bào)道的事件不是在幾點(diǎn)鐘發(fā)生,而是在一個(gè)小時(shí)或30分鐘前發(fā)生。當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間已不再是一個(gè)有意義的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。
    Today, commerce and communications never cease but go around the clock. On cable-TV news shows, events did not happen at which hour, but an hour or 30 minutes ago. Local time is no longer the meaning marker of events.
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——飲食文化(Catering Culture)
    VOCABLULARY烹調(diào)術(shù) cookery色、香、味 color, aroma and taste佐料 seasoning刀功 slicing technique清炒 plain-frying煸 stir-frying爆 quick-frying炸 deep-frying煎 pan-frying焙 roasting清蒸 steaming氽 quick-boiling熏 smoking腌 salting
    食譜 recipe回鍋肉 twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce炸豬排 fried pork chop北京烤鴨 roast Beijing duck什錦炒蔬 stir-fried mixed vegetables酸辣湯 hot and sour soup雞茸蘑菇湯 cream of mushroom with chicken
    主食 staple food饅頭 steamed bread米飯 steamed rice揚(yáng)州炒飯 Yangchow fried rice冷面 cold noodle炒米粉 fried ground rice noodles炸醬面 noodles with fried brown sauce paste油條 fried twisted stick鍋貼 pan-fried dumping花卷 steamed twisted roll小籠包子 steamed meat dumpling粽子 rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves
    黑啤 dark beer黃酒/花雕酒 yellow rice wine烈酒 spitits/ strong liquor白干 white liquor佐餐酒 table wine(酒)加冰塊的 on the rocks(酒)不加冰塊的 straight up小啜 sip礦泉水 mineral water紅茶 black tea清咖啡 black coffee全脂/脫脂奶 whole/skim milk酸奶 yoghurt
    粟子 chestnut馬蹄梨 water chestnut蓮子 lotus seed藕 lotus root獼猴桃 kiwi fruit山楂 haw棗 Chinese date
    餐前開(kāi)胃點(diǎn)心 appretizer主菜 main course附菜 side dish餐后甜食 dessert什錦色拉 mixed fruit salad with ham什錦水果圣代 mixed fruit sundae民族風(fēng)味餐 ethnic food小吃 snack冷盤(pán) cold dish點(diǎn)心 pastry餐桌圓轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán) Lazy Susan
    PRACTICE Translate the following passage into English評(píng)判中餐烹調(diào)的優(yōu)劣可依據(jù)中餐的三大要素,即“色、香、味”?!吧弊鳛椤吧?、香、味”三要素中的首要標(biāo)準(zhǔn),充分體現(xiàn)在宴會(huì)菜肴的裝盤(pán)、擺放和圖案上。最能顯示色彩的是首先上桌的好道煞費(fèi)苦心而精心制作的冷盤(pán)?!跋恪辈粌H是指鼻子對(duì)食物的直接感受,它還包括所選原料的新鮮成度以及佐料的合理搭配?!拔丁眲t體現(xiàn)了恰到好處的調(diào)味藝術(shù),當(dāng)然它也包括食物的質(zhì)地,以及切菜的刀功。色、香、味這三大要素的高品質(zhì),只有通過(guò)選料、調(diào)料、適時(shí)烹調(diào)、把握火候、裝盤(pán)上桌這些微妙步驟的細(xì)心協(xié)調(diào),才能取得。
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——諺語(yǔ)口譯(Interpreting Proverbs)③ 三、形異意合的諺語(yǔ),這類(lèi)諺語(yǔ)常常會(huì)被望“形”生“意”,造成誤譯。
    1. A bad conscience is a snake in one's heart.做賊心虛。
    2. Accidents will happen.天有不測(cè)風(fēng)云,人有旦夕禍福。
    3. A clear conscience is a sure card.為人不做虧心事,半夜不怕鬼敲門(mén)。
    4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。
    5. All your swans are geese.事與愿違。
    6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。
    7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了熱豆腐。
    8. Count one's chickens before they are hatched.盲目樂(lè)觀(guān)。
    9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失馬,安知非福?
    10. Do in Rome as Romans do.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
    11. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.順其自然。
    12. Everybody's business is nobody's business.三個(gè)和尚無(wú)水吃。
    13. Justice has long arms.天網(wǎng)恢恢,疏而不漏。
    14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。
    15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。
    16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurse's sake.醉翁之意不在酒。
    17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.禍兮福所倚,福兮禍所伏。
    18. Names are debts.樹(shù)大招風(fēng)。
    19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
    20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于運(yùn)動(dòng)。
    21. Rome was not built in a day.冰凍三尺非一日之寒。
    22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自?huà)唛T(mén)前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜。
    23. Short pleasure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。
    24. Stick together through thick and thin.患難與共。
    25. Take things as they come.既來(lái)之則安之。
    26. The pot calls the kettle black.五十步笑一百步。
    27. The shepherd would rather lose the wool than the sheep.留得青山在,不怕沒(méi)柴燒。
    28. Things done cannot be undone.木已成舟。/覆水難收。
    29. True blue will never stain.真金不怕火煉。
    30. You cannot make a crab walk straight.江山易移,本性難改。
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——諺語(yǔ)口譯(Interpreting Proverbs)② 二、形似意合的諺語(yǔ)
    1. A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。
    2. All roads lead to Rome./ All rivers run into the sea.殊途同歸。
    3. As a man sows, so he shall reap.種瓜得瓜,和豆得豆。
    4. A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鴻鵠之志。
    5. A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影兒斜。
    6. A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出,駟馬難追。
    7. Beat the dog before the lion.殺雞儆猴。
    8 Better an open enemy than a false friend.明槍易躲,暗箭難防。
    9. Diamond cut diamond.強(qiáng)中更有強(qiáng)中手。
    10. Do one thing under cover of another.明修棧道,暗度陳倉(cāng)。
    11. Dogs bite in every country.天下烏鴉一般黑。
    12. Every potter praises his pot.王婆賣(mài)瓜,自賣(mài)自夸。
    13. Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金裝,人要衣裝。
    14. Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短,吃了嘴軟。
    15. Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深。
    16. Have a card up one's sleeve.胸有成竹。
    17. He cries wine and sells vinegar.掛羊頭,賣(mài)狗肉。
    18. He takes a spear to kill a fly.殺雞用牛刀。
    19. In for a penny, in for a pound.一不做,二不休。
    20. It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.寧為雞首,不為牛后。
    21. It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./ Better die with honor than live with shame.寧可玉碎,不為瓦全。
    22. Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相,海不可斗量。
    23. Kill two birds with one stone.一箭雙雕。/一石二鳥(niǎo)。
    24. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草驚蛇。
    25. Love me, love my dog.愛(ài)屋及屋。
    26. Much will have more.得隴望蜀。/得寸進(jìn)尺。
    27. Once bit, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井繩。
    28. Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹劍。
    29. Put the cart before the horse.本未倒置。
    30. Speak of the devil( and he will appear)。
    說(shuō)曹操,曹操到。
    31. Teach fish to swim.班門(mén)弄斧。
    32. The pupil outdoes the master.青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán)。
    33. The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能載舟,亦能覆舟。
    34. The sauce is better than the fish.喧賓奪主。
    35. There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何處無(wú)芳草。
    36. There is no smoke without fire.無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——諺語(yǔ)口譯(Interpreting Proverbs)①諺語(yǔ)作為一種以簡(jiǎn)單通俗的語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)深刻道理的語(yǔ)句,常為人們所引用。千百年來(lái)各國(guó)之間或多或少的文化交流,往往會(huì)使一個(gè)民族的諺語(yǔ)跨越疆界,廣為流傳于其它民族。許多諺語(yǔ)流傳甚廣,早已為我們所熟知。因此,諺語(yǔ)的口譯并非是一道不可逾越的障礙。諺語(yǔ)的口譯大致可分為三種類(lèi)型,一種是“形同意合”的口譯,第二種是“形似意合”的口譯,第三種是“形異意合”的口譯。
    一、“形同意合”的諺語(yǔ)A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹,長(zhǎng)一智。
    All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人終成成眷屬。
    A man should not bite the hand that feeds him.不要恩將仇報(bào)。
    Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。
    Business is business.公事公辦。
    Facts speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
    Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。
    Fish in troubled waters.渾水摸魚(yú)。
    Friends must part.聚散離合總有時(shí)。/天下無(wú)不散之宴席。
    Great minds think alike.英雄所見(jiàn)略同。
    Health is better than wealth.家有萬(wàn)貫財(cái),不如一身健。
    Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔籬有眼,隔墻有耳。
    In time of peace prepare for war.居安當(dāng)思危。
    Like father, like son.有其父,必有其子。
    Man proposes, God disposes.謀事在人,成事在天。
    Misfortunes never come alone.禍不單行。
    Money can't buy time.寸金難買(mǎi)寸光陰。
    More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)。
    Out of office, out of danger.無(wú)官一身輕。
    Out of sight, out of mind./Far from eye, far from heart.眼不見(jiàn)為凈。
    Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái) ?BR>    The style is the man.文如其人。
    Time and tide wait for no man.時(shí)不我待。/歲月無(wú)情。
    The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘后事之師。/前車(chē)之覆,后車(chē)之鑒。
    To teach is to learn.教學(xué)相長(zhǎng)。
    The tongue cuts the throat.禍從口出。/言多必失。
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——同聲傳譯(Undertaking Simultaneous Interpretation)
    同聲傳譯,又稱(chēng)同步口譯,是譯員在不打斷講話(huà)者演講的情況下,不停地將其講話(huà)內(nèi)容傳譯給聽(tīng)眾的一種口譯方式。同聲傳譯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于效率高,可以保證講話(huà)才作連貫發(fā)言,不影響或中斷講話(huà)者的思路,有利于聽(tīng)眾對(duì)發(fā)言全文的通篇理解。
    一、在同聲傳譯活動(dòng)中對(duì)譯員的要求
    1、同聲傳譯要求譯員有良好的聽(tīng)覺(jué)解意能力。同聲傳譯是一種即聽(tīng)即譯的活動(dòng),聽(tīng)入與譯出之間只保持幾秒鐘的時(shí)間距離,譯員在口頭傳譯幾秒鐘前聽(tīng)到的信息的同時(shí),還必須耳聽(tīng)及解譯新的信息。因此這種聽(tīng)覺(jué)解意能力非同一般意義的耳聽(tīng)會(huì)意能力,它指的是一種譯員在有自我干擾的環(huán)境下及時(shí)聽(tīng)解信息的能力。
    但是譯員的聽(tīng)解并非完全是一種被動(dòng)的行為,譯中可以從大會(huì)的主題、發(fā)言者的立場(chǎng)、發(fā)言論題或論點(diǎn)的背景知識(shí)等示意因素,使自己的聽(tīng)譯建筑在“上下文”的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)而變被動(dòng)聽(tīng)譯為主動(dòng)聽(tīng)譯。
    2、同聲傳譯要求譯員具備在聽(tīng)解的同時(shí)有迅速組織句子進(jìn)行連貫流暢表達(dá)的能力。也許有人會(huì)認(rèn)為,漢語(yǔ)是我們的母語(yǔ),因此英譯漢的困難在于能否及時(shí)聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容,不在于如何有漢語(yǔ)來(lái)組句和表達(dá)。這完全是對(duì)口譯工作的一種誤解。組句表達(dá),無(wú)論是以外語(yǔ)還是以母語(yǔ)進(jìn)行,都是一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn),一種才能,尤其是在需要顧及聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容的情況下。
    二、同聲傳譯的一些基本方法和技巧
    1、意譯同聲傳譯即聽(tīng)即譯的特點(diǎn),迫使譯員不得不“一心二用”,使譯員在翻譯過(guò)程中難以做到“形”“意”兩全。此外,譯員在同步傳譯時(shí)迫于時(shí)間壓力,也無(wú)法對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式斟詞酌句一番。在“形”“意”難以?xún)扇那闆r下,譯員應(yīng)采用意譯的方法,以簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言迅速將來(lái)源語(yǔ)所包含的概念和命題傳達(dá)給聽(tīng)眾。
    2、順譯順譯是指一種順著來(lái)源語(yǔ)的詞序,按部就班地選擇目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的對(duì)應(yīng)詞進(jìn)行傳譯的方法。這里所講的順譯僅限于順結(jié)構(gòu)、順詞序的傳譯,不包括詞詞對(duì)應(yīng)的順譯。漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)均為“主—?jiǎng)印e”結(jié)構(gòu),限定詞(如數(shù)詞和所有格代詞)和形容詞一般也都出現(xiàn)在名詞前面,這為英漢順譯或漢英順譯提供了必要的條件。
    3、截句截句是指譯員在同聲傳譯過(guò)程中及時(shí)、適時(shí)截?cái)鄟?lái)源語(yǔ)的長(zhǎng)句,并按照目標(biāo)語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,將所聽(tīng)到的信息分解成短句,或重組成聯(lián)句,然后傳譯過(guò)去。
    詞語(yǔ)置前例:中國(guó)政府將一如既往地支持聯(lián)合國(guó)主持正義、維護(hù)和平、促進(jìn)全球繁榮的行動(dòng)。
    The Chinese government will as always support the UN efforts to uphold justice, maintain peace and promote global prosperity.
    詞語(yǔ)后置或暫存例:聯(lián)合國(guó)維和部隊(duì)?wèi)?yīng)該駐扎在那一地區(qū),一直到所有各方簽署了和約為止。我們的這一立場(chǎng)已得到公認(rèn)。
    Our position is widely received that the UN peace-keeping force will stay in that region until a peaceful agreement has been signed by all concerned parties.
    添詞例:我很高興地向各位通報(bào),中美就知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問(wèn)題簽署了一項(xiàng)諒解備忘錄,從而避免了一場(chǎng)可能出現(xiàn)的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。
    I feel very pleased to report to you that China and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding in terms of protecting intellectual property rights, an act that has averted a potential trade war.
    減詞例:中國(guó)同其周邊國(guó)家的關(guān)系比以往任何時(shí)期都好,這種十分珍貴的睦鄰友好關(guān)系無(wú)論對(duì)中國(guó)人民還是這些國(guó)家的人們來(lái)說(shuō),都極為有益。
    China's relations with its neighboring countries are better than ever before, a situation that best represents the interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of other countries concerned.
    重復(fù)例:多年來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)發(fā)揮了越來(lái)越重要的作用,這種作用在于促進(jìn)了亞太地區(qū)乃至全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康發(fā)展。
    Over the years, China's sustained economic growth has played an increasing more important role in boosting the healthy economic development in the Asian-Pacific region and the world as a whole.
    同聲傳譯的才能不是一種可望而不可及的天賦才能。常言說(shuō)得好,“工夫不負(fù)有心人”。只要我們細(xì)心鉆研同傳知識(shí)和技巧,積極參與同傳強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練,水到自然渠成。
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——商務(wù)談判(Business Negotiation)
    第一部分 基本詞匯詢(xún)價(jià) make an inquiry報(bào)價(jià) quotation報(bào)/發(fā)盤(pán) offer底盤(pán) floor offer實(shí)/虛盤(pán) firm/non-firm offer開(kāi)/收盤(pán) opening/closing price現(xiàn)/期貨價(jià) spot/forward price還盤(pán) counter-offer回傭 return commission到岸價(jià) C.I.F.(即Cost, Insurance and Freight)
    到岸加傭金價(jià) C.I.F.C.(即Cost, Insurance, Freight and Commission)
    現(xiàn)貨 spot goods庫(kù)存有限 limited stock批發(fā)價(jià) wholesale price零售價(jià) retail price凈利潤(rùn) net profit定金 down payment分期付款 payment by installment現(xiàn)金結(jié)算 cash settlement信用證結(jié)算 payment by letter of credit(L/C)
    股東 shareholder; stockholder我方 on our part雙贏戰(zhàn)略 win-win strategy
    中止合同 terminate the contract提出索賠 lodge a claim要求賠償損失 claim for a compensation of the loss/damage貿(mào)易索賠 business claim補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 compenstion trade
    第二部分 詞語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展商品交易會(huì) Commodities Fair經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍 line/scope of business經(jīng)銷(xiāo)代理 exclusive selling agency市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入 market access機(jī)床 machine tools汽車(chē)零部件 auto parts電子商務(wù) e-commerce; e-business
    第三部分 例句請(qǐng)給我一個(gè)有效期為90天的C.I.F.報(bào)價(jià),目的港為洛杉磯,報(bào)價(jià)含5%的傭金。
    I'd like to hear your quotation on a C.I.F.Los Angeles basis valid for 90 days, with an inclusion of 5% angent's commission in your quotation.
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——禮儀祝詞(Ceremonial Speech)
    第一部分 基本詞匯開(kāi)幕/閉幕式 opening/closing ceremony開(kāi)幕詞 opening speech/address致開(kāi)幕詞 make an opening speech友好訪(fǎng)問(wèn) goodwill visit
    閣下 Your/His/Her Honor/Excellency貴賓 distinguished guest尊敬的市長(zhǎng)先生 Respected Mr.Mayor遠(yuǎn)道而來(lái)/來(lái)自大洋彼岸的朋友 friends coming from a distant land/the other side of the Pacific東道國(guó) host country
    宣布……開(kāi)幕 declare……open值此之際 on the occasion of借此機(jī)會(huì) take this opportunity to以……名義 in the name of本著……精神 in the spirit of代表 on the behalf of由衷的謝意 heartfelt thanks友好款待 gracious hospitality正式邀請(qǐng) officioa invitation回顧過(guò)去 look back on展望未來(lái) look ahead/look into the future最后 in closing圓滿(mǎn)成功 a complete success提議祝酒 propose a toast
    第二部分 詞語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展一、政治詞匯亞太地區(qū) Asian-Pacific region建交 establishment of diplomatic relations between互訪(fǎng) exchange of visit外交政策 foreign policy一貫奉行 in persistent pursuit of平等互利 equality and mutual benefit雙邊關(guān)系 bilateral relations持久和平 lasting peace
    二、政治詞匯貿(mào)易額 trade volume商業(yè)界 business community跨國(guó)公司 transnational corporation經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)/經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)/經(jīng)濟(jì)列強(qiáng)(視具體情況翻譯)economic power
    第三部分 例句1.我愿借此機(jī)會(huì),代表我們代表團(tuán)的全體成員,對(duì)我們東道主的誠(chéng)摯邀請(qǐng),表示真誠(chéng)的謝意。
    On the behalf of all the members of my mission, I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host for their earnest invitation. 2.現(xiàn)在,我愉快地宣布第二十二屆萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟大會(huì)開(kāi)幕。
    Now, I have the pleasure to declare the 22nd Universal Postal Congress open. 3.我很榮幸地代表中國(guó)政府和人民向來(lái)自聯(lián)合王國(guó)的代表團(tuán)表示熱烈的歡迎。
    I have the honor to express this warm welcome on behalf of the Chinese Government and people to the delegation from the United Kingdom. 4.我謹(jǐn)向各位表示最熱烈的歡迎。
    I would like to extend my warmest welocme to all of you. 5.我預(yù)祝大會(huì)圓滿(mǎn)成功!
    I wish the conference a complete success!
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——外事接待(reception)
    第一部分 基本詞匯日程安排 schedule預(yù)訂 reserve根據(jù)……的要求 upon……request專(zhuān)程造訪(fǎng) come all the way精心安排 a thoughtful arrangement排憂(yōu)解難 help out
    第二部分 詞語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展機(jī)場(chǎng)大樓 terminal building候機(jī)大廳 waiting hall起飛時(shí)間 departure/take-off time抵達(dá)時(shí)間 arrival time海關(guān) the Customs往返票 round-trip ticket入境/出境/旅游簽證 entry/exit/tourist visa免稅商店 duty-free shop豪華套房 luxury suite單/雙人房 single/double room
    第三部分 例句1. You must be our long-expected guest,……
    2. Excuse me, I haven't had the honor of knowing you. 3. I'm glad to have the honor of introducing……
    4. Small world, isn't it?
    5. Thank you for coming all the way to our company. 6. I hop you'll enjoy your stay here. 7. host a receptipn banquet in your honor
    高級(jí)口譯筆記——稱(chēng)謂口譯一、以“總……”表示的首席長(zhǎng)官,可選擇general、chief、head這類(lèi)詞表示。
    總書(shū)記 general secretary
    總工程師 chief engineer
    總會(huì)計(jì)師 chief accountant
    總經(jīng)理 general manager
    總代理 general agent
    總教練 head coach
    二、一些行業(yè)的職稱(chēng)頭銜,直接用“高級(jí)”或“資深”來(lái)表示,可用"senior"來(lái)稱(chēng)呼。
    高級(jí)記者 senior reporter
    高級(jí)講師 senior lecturer
    三、“首席”英語(yǔ)常用chief來(lái)表達(dá)。
    首席執(zhí)行官 chief cxecutive officer(CEO)
    首席顧問(wèn) chief advisor
    首席檢察官 chief inspector
    四、還有一些高級(jí)職務(wù)帶“長(zhǎng)”字,例如:
    參謀長(zhǎng) chief of staff
    護(hù)士長(zhǎng) head nurse
    秘書(shū)長(zhǎng) secretary-general
    五、以“副”字的表示副職的行政職務(wù)頭銜,可用vice、deputy表達(dá)。
    副總統(tǒng) vice president
    副主席 vice chairman
    副總理 vice minister
    副秘書(shū)長(zhǎng) deputy secretary-general
    副書(shū)記 deputy secretary
    副市長(zhǎng) deputy mayor六、學(xué)術(shù)頭銜的“副”職稱(chēng),常用associate表示。
    副教授 associate professor副研究員 associate research fellow副審判長(zhǎng) associate judge副主任醫(yī)師 associate doctor七、學(xué)術(shù)頭銜中的初級(jí)職稱(chēng)如“助理”,我們可以用assistant來(lái)稱(chēng)呼。
    助理教授 assistant professor助理研究員 assistant research fellow助理工程師 assistant engineer八、一般說(shuō)來(lái),“代理”可譯作acting,例如:
    代理市長(zhǎng) acting mayor代理總理 acting premier代理主任 acting director九、常務(wù)“可以用”managing"表示。
    常務(wù)理事 managing director常務(wù)副校長(zhǎng) managing vice president十、執(zhí)行“可譯作executive執(zhí)行秘書(shū) executive secretary執(zhí)行主席 executive chairman十一、還有很多稱(chēng)謂的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式難以歸類(lèi),這就需要我們?nèi)辗e月累,逐步總結(jié)。例如:
    辦公室主任 office manager車(chē)間主任 workshop manager客座教授 visiting professor村長(zhǎng) village head稅務(wù)員 tax collector股票交易員 stock dealer十二、最后是我們國(guó)家特有的一些榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)的口譯。
    勞動(dòng)模范 model worker優(yōu)秀員工 ortstanding employee標(biāo)兵 pacemaker三好學(xué)生 "triple-A" outstanding student; outstanding student