答案與解析：來源：考試大
1．借助文章標(biāo)題Smoking，解讀文章中心Smoking和文章可能的結(jié)構(gòu)安排。
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
文章結(jié)構(gòu)安排：進(jìn)行了大量的研究以確認(rèn)是否吸煙會造成健康危害 –很多研究者認(rèn)為吸煙在。。中有很大的影響---統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)有助于了解吸煙對身體的（危害？）--過濾嘴和低焦油香煙不會消除危害。（文章中心）
2．直接看問題解答問題。來源：考試大
1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous(B級/dangerous).
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
B．分析：問題句是細(xì)節(jié)體，因此答案相關(guān)句往往是一個或幾個相鄰的句子。利用題干中包含了兩層含義：easy 和 determine whether smoking is hazardous。題干中的黑體詞（determine 和 hazardous）作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子:
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard/danger. （直接包含題干中的核心詞）The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.
該題提示：有些問題可能在考察考生的推斷/或總結(jié)概括能力。
補充：來源：考試大
Numerous: adj.眾多的, 許多的, 無數(shù)的來源：考試大
Synonyms: abundant, considerable, many, various
Conduct: n.行為；舉止；舉動；vt. 處理； 經(jīng)營；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)電；導(dǎo)熱
e.g. His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。來源：考試大
e.g. My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的嬸嬸把企業(yè)經(jīng)營得很成功。
e.g. Metal conducts electricity. 金屬導(dǎo)電。來源：考試大
2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確而且與文章中心一致，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。題干中涉及到一層信息：reduces one's life expectancy。利用題干中的黑體詞作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子，確認(rèn)答案。該題考察特殊結(jié)構(gòu)--短語beyond all reasonable doubt的含義（絕對不容懷疑）。
The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
補充：來源：考試大
Doubt: n.懷疑；疑慮；未確定來源：考試大
e.g. There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問，他是有罪的。來源：考試大
without doubt 必定；無疑
比較：I can agree with you more.
You can’t be too careful in driving.
The importance can’t be overestimated.
Consistent adj.（常與with連用）與…一致的來源：考試大
e.g. This statement is not consistent with what you said at yesterday's meeting.這個說法與你昨天會上的發(fā)言不相符。
Be associated with: v. 由...聯(lián)想到..., 把...聯(lián)系起來
e.g. We associate China with the Greet Wall.我們想起中國, 就聯(lián)想到長城。
Grammar: that
e.g. He said that he would come. 他說他要來。 (賓語從句)
e.g. Did you see the letter that I sent him? （定語從句）你看到我寄給他的信了嗎？
Comp: It's Jeans that makes the decisions here. （強調(diào)句）這里作決定的是瓊斯。
3. Smoking may induce(A)/cause lung cancer.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。題干中包含一層信息：may induce(A)/cause lung cancer。利用題干中的黑體詞作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子，確認(rèn)答案。
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.
補充：來源：考試大
Relate vt.vi. 講；敘述; （常與to連用）把…聯(lián)系起來, 有關(guān)，有關(guān)系
Be related to: 與。。有關(guān)
e.g. I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人講述了我的奇遇
1．借助文章標(biāo)題Smoking，解讀文章中心Smoking和文章可能的結(jié)構(gòu)安排。
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.
Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
文章結(jié)構(gòu)安排：進(jìn)行了大量的研究以確認(rèn)是否吸煙會造成健康危害 –很多研究者認(rèn)為吸煙在。。中有很大的影響---統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)有助于了解吸煙對身體的（危害？）--過濾嘴和低焦油香煙不會消除危害。（文章中心）
2．直接看問題解答問題。來源：考試大
1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous(B級/dangerous).
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
B．分析：問題句是細(xì)節(jié)體，因此答案相關(guān)句往往是一個或幾個相鄰的句子。利用題干中包含了兩層含義：easy 和 determine whether smoking is hazardous。題干中的黑體詞（determine 和 hazardous）作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子:
Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard/danger. （直接包含題干中的核心詞）The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.
該題提示：有些問題可能在考察考生的推斷/或總結(jié)概括能力。
補充：來源：考試大
Numerous: adj.眾多的, 許多的, 無數(shù)的來源：考試大
Synonyms: abundant, considerable, many, various
Conduct: n.行為；舉止；舉動；vt. 處理； 經(jīng)營；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)電；導(dǎo)熱
e.g. His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。來源：考試大
e.g. My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的嬸嬸把企業(yè)經(jīng)營得很成功。
e.g. Metal conducts electricity. 金屬導(dǎo)電。來源：考試大
2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確而且與文章中心一致，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。題干中涉及到一層信息：reduces one's life expectancy。利用題干中的黑體詞作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子，確認(rèn)答案。該題考察特殊結(jié)構(gòu)--短語beyond all reasonable doubt的含義（絕對不容懷疑）。
The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.
補充：來源：考試大
Doubt: n.懷疑；疑慮；未確定來源：考試大
e.g. There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問，他是有罪的。來源：考試大
without doubt 必定；無疑
比較：I can agree with you more.
You can’t be too careful in driving.
The importance can’t be overestimated.
Consistent adj.（常與with連用）與…一致的來源：考試大
e.g. This statement is not consistent with what you said at yesterday's meeting.這個說法與你昨天會上的發(fā)言不相符。
Be associated with: v. 由...聯(lián)想到..., 把...聯(lián)系起來
e.g. We associate China with the Greet Wall.我們想起中國, 就聯(lián)想到長城。
Grammar: that
e.g. He said that he would come. 他說他要來。 (賓語從句)
e.g. Did you see the letter that I sent him? （定語從句）你看到我寄給他的信了嗎？
Comp: It's Jeans that makes the decisions here. （強調(diào)句）這里作決定的是瓊斯。
3. Smoking may induce(A)/cause lung cancer.
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
分析：利用該句句意判斷該句說法正確，這樣答案可能是正確或沒提到。題干中包含一層信息：may induce(A)/cause lung cancer。利用題干中的黑體詞作為答案線索詞，這樣直接在文章中找到包含答案相關(guān)詞的句子，確認(rèn)答案。
Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body.
補充：來源：考試大
Relate vt.vi. 講；敘述; （常與to連用）把…聯(lián)系起來, 有關(guān)，有關(guān)系
Be related to: 與。。有關(guān)
e.g. I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人講述了我的奇遇