[英譯漢]
Scientists and critical thinkers always use logical reasoning.
(1)Logic allows us to reason correctly, but it is a complex topic and not easily learned; many books are devoted to explaining how to reason correctly, and we can not go into the details here. However, I must point out that most individuals do not reason logically, because they have never learned how to do so.
(2) Logic is not an ability that humans are born with or one that will gradually develop and improve on its own, but is a skill or discipline that must be learned within a formal educational environment. Emotional thinking, hopeful thinking, and wishful thinking are much more common than logical thinking, because they are far easier and more congenial to human nature. Most individuals would rather believe something is true because they feel it is true, hope it is true, or wish it were true, rather than deny their emotions and accept that their beliefs are false.
(3)Often the use of logical reasoning requires a struggle with the will, because logic sometimes forces one to deny one’s emotions and face reality, and this is often painful. But remember this: emotions are not evidence, feelings are not facts, and subiective beliefs are not substantive beliefs. Everysuccessful scientist and critical thinker spent years learning how to think logically, almost always in a formal educational context. Some people can learn logical thinking by trial and error, but this method wastes time, is inefficient, is sometimes unsuccessful, and is often painful.
(4)The best way to learn to think logically is to study logic and reasoning in a philosophy class, take mathematics and science courses that force you to use logic, read great literature and study history, and write frequently. Reading, writing, and math are the traditional methods that young people learned to think logically，考試大 (i. e. correctly), but today science is a fourth method. Perhaps the best way is to do a lot of writing that is then reviewed by someone who has critical thinking skills.
(5)Most people never learn to think logically many illogical arguments and statements are accepted and unchallenged in modern society--often leading to results that are counterproductive to the good of society or even tragic--because so many people don’t recognize them for what they are. [380 words]
超綱詞匯
Congenial adj．合意的，相宜的
Counterproductive adj．起相反作用的
全文翻譯
科學(xué)家和批判性思想家總是使用邏輯推理。
(1)邏輯能幫助我們正確思考。但是，邏輯是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)l司，并非輕易就能掌握。有很多專門解釋如何正確思考的書籍·此處不便詳述。不過，我必須指出·多數(shù)人不會邏輯推理，因為他們從來也沒學(xué)過如何邏輯推理。
(2)邏輯不是人生來就有的能力，也不是逐漸自然而然就能養(yǎng)成并提高的能力，而是一種必須在正規(guī)的教育環(huán)境中才能學(xué)會的技能或修煉。感性思維、希望思維及愿望思維遠(yuǎn)比邏輯思維普遍，因為它們?nèi)菀椎枚?，也更適合人類的天性。多數(shù)人寧愿相信某事是真的，就因為他們覺得、希望或但愿它是真的；而不會否定自己的情感，認(rèn)為自己的觀點錯誤。
(3)進(jìn)行邏輯思考往往需要與自己的意愿做較量，因為有時邏輯迫使人否定自己的情感，必須正視現(xiàn)實，這往往很痛苦。但是，請記?。呵楦胁坏扔谧C據(jù)，感受不等于事實，主觀信念不等予實際看法。每一位成功的科學(xué)家和批判思想家都經(jīng)過多年才學(xué)會如何有邏輯地思考，而且?guī)缀蹩偸窃谡?guī)的教育背景下學(xué)會的。有些人可以通過反復(fù)實踐學(xué)會邏輯思考，但是這種方法既浪費時間又缺乏效率，有時并不成功，而且常常很痛苦。
(4)學(xué)會邏輯思考的佳途徑包括：在哲學(xué)課上學(xué)習(xí)邏輯和推理、修讀必須進(jìn)行邏輯思考的數(shù)理課程、閱讀文學(xué)巨著并研究歷史，以及經(jīng)常寫作。閱讀、寫作和數(shù)學(xué)通常是年青人學(xué)習(xí)邏輯思維(即正確思維)的方法，然而·如今學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)是第四種方法。也許學(xué)習(xí)邏輯思考的佳途徑是大量寫作，并請那些懂批判性思維的人來修改。
(5)大多數(shù)人根本不學(xué)邏輯思考。在當(dāng)代社會中，許多不合邏輯的論證和觀點得到承認(rèn)，沒有受到質(zhì)疑，原因在于那么多人根本不了解其實質(zhì)，基結(jié)果往往危害社會利益，甚至帶來災(zāi)難。
【參考譯文】
(1)邏輯能幫助我們正確思考。但是，邏輯是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)問，并非輕易就能掌握。有很多專門解釋如何正確思考 的書籍，此處不便詳述。
(2)邏輯不是人生來就有的能力，也不是逐漸自然而然就能養(yǎng)成并提高的能力，而是一種必須在正規(guī)的教育環(huán)境中 才能學(xué)會的技能或修煉。
(3)進(jìn)行邏輯思考往往需要與自己的意愿做較量，因為有時邏輯迫使人否定自己的情感，必須正視現(xiàn)實，這往往很 痛苦。
(4)學(xué)會邏輯思考的佳途徑包括：在哲學(xué)課上學(xué)習(xí)邏輯和推理、修讀必須進(jìn)行邏輯思考的數(shù)理課程、閱讀文學(xué)巨 著并研究歷史，以及經(jīng)常寫作。
(5)大多數(shù)人根本不學(xué)邏輯思考。在當(dāng)代社會中，許多不合邏輯的論證和觀點得到承認(rèn)，沒有受到質(zhì)疑，原因在于 那么多人根本不了解其實質(zhì)，其結(jié)果往往危害社會利益，甚至帶來災(zāi)難，考試大。
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Logic allows US to reason correctly。butit is a complex topic and not easily Iearned；many books are de— voted to explaining how to reason correctly．a(chǎn)nd we can not go into the details here．
(2)Logic is not an ability[that humans are born with]Or one[that will gradually develop and improve on its own]，but is a skill or discipline[that must be learned within a formal educational environment]．
(3)Often the use of logical reasoning requires a struggle with the will，because logic sometimes forces one to de— ny one’S emotions and face reality]。and this is often painful．
(4)The best way[to learn to think logically]is[1]to study logic and reasoning in a philosophy class，take mathe— matics and science courses(that force you to use logic)，read great literature and study history，and write frequently]．
(5)Most people never learn tO think logically；many illogical arguments and statements are accepted and unehal— lenged in modern society--often leading to results[that are counterproductive to the good of society or even tragic]--[because so many people don’t recognize them for(what they are)]．
Scientists and critical thinkers always use logical reasoning.
(1)Logic allows us to reason correctly, but it is a complex topic and not easily learned; many books are devoted to explaining how to reason correctly, and we can not go into the details here. However, I must point out that most individuals do not reason logically, because they have never learned how to do so.
(2) Logic is not an ability that humans are born with or one that will gradually develop and improve on its own, but is a skill or discipline that must be learned within a formal educational environment. Emotional thinking, hopeful thinking, and wishful thinking are much more common than logical thinking, because they are far easier and more congenial to human nature. Most individuals would rather believe something is true because they feel it is true, hope it is true, or wish it were true, rather than deny their emotions and accept that their beliefs are false.
(3)Often the use of logical reasoning requires a struggle with the will, because logic sometimes forces one to deny one’s emotions and face reality, and this is often painful. But remember this: emotions are not evidence, feelings are not facts, and subiective beliefs are not substantive beliefs. Everysuccessful scientist and critical thinker spent years learning how to think logically, almost always in a formal educational context. Some people can learn logical thinking by trial and error, but this method wastes time, is inefficient, is sometimes unsuccessful, and is often painful.
(4)The best way to learn to think logically is to study logic and reasoning in a philosophy class, take mathematics and science courses that force you to use logic, read great literature and study history, and write frequently. Reading, writing, and math are the traditional methods that young people learned to think logically，考試大 (i. e. correctly), but today science is a fourth method. Perhaps the best way is to do a lot of writing that is then reviewed by someone who has critical thinking skills.
(5)Most people never learn to think logically many illogical arguments and statements are accepted and unchallenged in modern society--often leading to results that are counterproductive to the good of society or even tragic--because so many people don’t recognize them for what they are. [380 words]
超綱詞匯
Congenial adj．合意的，相宜的
Counterproductive adj．起相反作用的
全文翻譯
科學(xué)家和批判性思想家總是使用邏輯推理。
(1)邏輯能幫助我們正確思考。但是，邏輯是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)l司，并非輕易就能掌握。有很多專門解釋如何正確思考的書籍·此處不便詳述。不過，我必須指出·多數(shù)人不會邏輯推理，因為他們從來也沒學(xué)過如何邏輯推理。
(2)邏輯不是人生來就有的能力，也不是逐漸自然而然就能養(yǎng)成并提高的能力，而是一種必須在正規(guī)的教育環(huán)境中才能學(xué)會的技能或修煉。感性思維、希望思維及愿望思維遠(yuǎn)比邏輯思維普遍，因為它們?nèi)菀椎枚?，也更適合人類的天性。多數(shù)人寧愿相信某事是真的，就因為他們覺得、希望或但愿它是真的；而不會否定自己的情感，認(rèn)為自己的觀點錯誤。
(3)進(jìn)行邏輯思考往往需要與自己的意愿做較量，因為有時邏輯迫使人否定自己的情感，必須正視現(xiàn)實，這往往很痛苦。但是，請記?。呵楦胁坏扔谧C據(jù)，感受不等于事實，主觀信念不等予實際看法。每一位成功的科學(xué)家和批判思想家都經(jīng)過多年才學(xué)會如何有邏輯地思考，而且?guī)缀蹩偸窃谡?guī)的教育背景下學(xué)會的。有些人可以通過反復(fù)實踐學(xué)會邏輯思考，但是這種方法既浪費時間又缺乏效率，有時并不成功，而且常常很痛苦。
(4)學(xué)會邏輯思考的佳途徑包括：在哲學(xué)課上學(xué)習(xí)邏輯和推理、修讀必須進(jìn)行邏輯思考的數(shù)理課程、閱讀文學(xué)巨著并研究歷史，以及經(jīng)常寫作。閱讀、寫作和數(shù)學(xué)通常是年青人學(xué)習(xí)邏輯思維(即正確思維)的方法，然而·如今學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)是第四種方法。也許學(xué)習(xí)邏輯思考的佳途徑是大量寫作，并請那些懂批判性思維的人來修改。
(5)大多數(shù)人根本不學(xué)邏輯思考。在當(dāng)代社會中，許多不合邏輯的論證和觀點得到承認(rèn)，沒有受到質(zhì)疑，原因在于那么多人根本不了解其實質(zhì)，基結(jié)果往往危害社會利益，甚至帶來災(zāi)難。
【參考譯文】
(1)邏輯能幫助我們正確思考。但是，邏輯是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)問，并非輕易就能掌握。有很多專門解釋如何正確思考 的書籍，此處不便詳述。
(2)邏輯不是人生來就有的能力，也不是逐漸自然而然就能養(yǎng)成并提高的能力，而是一種必須在正規(guī)的教育環(huán)境中 才能學(xué)會的技能或修煉。
(3)進(jìn)行邏輯思考往往需要與自己的意愿做較量，因為有時邏輯迫使人否定自己的情感，必須正視現(xiàn)實，這往往很 痛苦。
(4)學(xué)會邏輯思考的佳途徑包括：在哲學(xué)課上學(xué)習(xí)邏輯和推理、修讀必須進(jìn)行邏輯思考的數(shù)理課程、閱讀文學(xué)巨 著并研究歷史，以及經(jīng)常寫作。
(5)大多數(shù)人根本不學(xué)邏輯思考。在當(dāng)代社會中，許多不合邏輯的論證和觀點得到承認(rèn)，沒有受到質(zhì)疑，原因在于 那么多人根本不了解其實質(zhì)，其結(jié)果往往危害社會利益，甚至帶來災(zāi)難，考試大。
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Logic allows US to reason correctly。butit is a complex topic and not easily Iearned；many books are de— voted to explaining how to reason correctly．a(chǎn)nd we can not go into the details here．
(2)Logic is not an ability[that humans are born with]Or one[that will gradually develop and improve on its own]，but is a skill or discipline[that must be learned within a formal educational environment]．
(3)Often the use of logical reasoning requires a struggle with the will，because logic sometimes forces one to de— ny one’S emotions and face reality]。and this is often painful．
(4)The best way[to learn to think logically]is[1]to study logic and reasoning in a philosophy class，take mathe— matics and science courses(that force you to use logic)，read great literature and study history，and write frequently]．
(5)Most people never learn tO think logically；many illogical arguments and statements are accepted and unehal— lenged in modern society--often leading to results[that are counterproductive to the good of society or even tragic]--[because so many people don’t recognize them for(what they are)]．