【New words and expressions】（7）
pigeon n. 鴿子
message n. 信息
cover v. 越過
distance n. 距離
request n. 要求，請求
spare part 備件
service n. 業(yè)務(wù)，服務(wù)
★pigeon n. 鴿子
It's not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不關(guān)我的事。
★message n. （口頭或書面的）信息
Here is a message for you from your sister.
an oral/written message 口信/便條
leave sb. a message 給……留便條
I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信
Can I take a message for you? 我能替你捎個口信嗎?
Can you take a message for me? 你能替我捎個口信嗎?
take a message to sb. 給某人口信
打電話 :
Hello!--May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?
--Can you take a message for me?
information n. 信息（不可數(shù)）
messenger n. 送信人，信使
★cover v. 越過；覆蓋
① vt. 蓋，覆蓋
Snow covered the whole village.
She covered the child with a coat. 她給孩子蓋了件外衣。
② vt. 行過（一段距離），走過（通常不用被動語態(tài)）
cover+距離 越過……
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.
③ n. 覆蓋物，蓋子，罩子，套子
Put a cover on the box!
★distance n. 距離
keep distance 保持距離
distant adj.遠距離的
Can I share this table?
Can I join you?
importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的
difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的
★request n. 要求, 請求
① n.
request for 對……有請求, 有需求
I have a request for the cake.
He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延長時間的請求。
She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里請求幫助。
② v. 要求, 請求
request sb.to do sth. ＝ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
You are required/asked to do sth. （對人要求習慣用被動語態(tài)）
★spare adj. 備用的
① vt. 抽出（時間等），讓給
Have you got five minutes to spare?
I cannot spare the time.
I have no time to spare.
② vt. 饒恕，赦免
The robbers spared his life.
‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.
③ adj. 多余的，空閑的，剩下的，備用的
You can sleep in the spare bedroom.
Where can I get spare parts for this machine?
I have no spare time now.
‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.
=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.
★service n. 業(yè)務(wù), 服務(wù)
service作為不可數(shù)名詞時通常用于表示旅館、餐館以及商店等對旅客、顧客等的侍候、接待或服務(wù)；作為可數(shù)名詞時可以表示為幫助他人所采取的行動或所做的工作。
The service in that hotel is quite good.
You have done me a great service.
service既可以指公用事業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)，如：the mail service（郵政業(yè)務(wù)）、the telephone service（電話業(yè)務(wù)）；也可指辦這些業(yè)務(wù)的機構(gòu)，如：a travel service（旅行社）、a news service（通訊社）。
At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service.
我很樂意為您效勞.
serve v. 服務(wù), 接待
——Thank you.
——You are welcome.(下次又需要再來找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用謝)/That's (all)right./That's ok.(絕對正確, 絕對過時)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高興這么做, 把自己放得很低, 把對方抬得很高)
Thank you for your listening.在講課, 演講結(jié)束時說, 即感謝大家的合作的概念（應(yīng)以鼓掌回應(yīng)）
情急之下, 可用No thanks.回答
——Sorry. ——No sorry.
【Text】
Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
參考譯文
詹姆斯.斯科特先生在錫爾伯里有一個汽車修理部, 現(xiàn)在他剛在平赫斯特買了另一個汽車修理部. 平赫特離錫爾伯里只有5英里, 但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能為他新的汽車修理部搞到一部電話機, 所以他買了只鴿子. 昨天, 一只鴿子把第一封信從平赫特帶到錫爾伯里. 這只鳥只用了3分鐘就飛完了全程. 到目前為止, 斯科特先生從一個汽車修理部向另一個發(fā)送了大量索取備件的信件和其他緊急函件. 就這樣, 他開始自己的私人 “電話” 業(yè)務(wù).
【課文講解】
1、Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.
garage[] n. 車庫, 車行（英美讀音不同）
another(+單數(shù)名詞) 其它的很多個中的一個，
Can you show me another?
other(+名詞) adj.其它的(可加單/復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
the other 兩個之中的另外一個
one…the other… 一個……另一個……
One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading.
others(不用再加名詞)= other + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)
Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).
2、Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.
介詞from在這里表示距離上相隔，作“距……”、“離……”講，常與away連用
It is far (away) from here.
Bus stop is only one mile from school/here.
Bus stop is only one mile (away).
She has been away from home for 5 days now.
How far...? 多遠（對距離提問）
How far(away) is the bus stop?
How far is your home(from here)?
My home is ten miles away from here.
get a telephone 得到電話, 安裝電話
3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
carry v. 帶著, 攜帶（其強調(diào)所攜帶的東西不會著地）
I carried my son. （背或抱著）
I carry the bag.
take v. 帶著
I take my sister to the cinema.
from…to…表示從一個地方到另一個地方
He looked at the girl from head to foot.
The news spread from house to house. 家家戶戶都得知了這條消息。
4、The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
cover the distance 飛過那段距離
5、Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.
up to now =up till now 到目前為止，到現(xiàn)在為止(作時間狀語，時態(tài)多用現(xiàn)在完成時，相當于until/till now)
Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.
request for 對……的需求
a great many(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 許多……
a great many可以做形容詞短語：
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.
也可作代詞短語：
He has read a great many of the books in this room.
a great number of(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 許多……
urgent adj. 緊急的
something urgent 緊急的事情
【Key structures】
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
在表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的事情或動作時，要用一般過去時。在表示剛剛或者已經(jīng)完成一個動作并且對現(xiàn)在有影響時，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時，時間狀語可以是不特指的now，just或者for引導(dǎo)的一段時間，或者不加任何時間狀語。
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的共同點：動作在過去都做過了；區(qū)別：過去式只能強調(diào)過去的事, 和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系.
I ate a piece of bread.
現(xiàn)在完成時, 強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響.
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry.
The clock stopped. 陳述事實
The clock has stopped. 過去的事實對現(xiàn)在造成影響
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday. 強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成影響
【Special Difficulties】
帶way的短語
in the way 按照，以……方式
Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我給你示范的方法來做你的工作。
I do the work in the way you showed me.
I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
in the/one’s way 擋路；妨礙（某人）
Sorry, you are in the way.(在口語中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)
Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard.
in this way 這樣,以這種方式
He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.
in a way 從某種意義上來說，在某種程度上
In a way, you are kind.
in a friendly way 用友好的方式
in the family way 懷孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)
The woman is in the family way.
by the way 隨便說一聲, 隨便問一下(插入語，改變話題時用)
By the way, have you seen Harry recently?
on the/one’s way(to) 在去……的途中(陳述句) :
on the way to school/the office；on the way home
out of the way 讓路
Get out of the way! 你給我滾出去!
get one's own way 隨心所欲 (at one’s pleasure)
Children get their own way during the holidays.
關(guān)于系動詞 : 一般來說, 如be become 一定不單獨使用, 往往要在后面加上表語, 我們稱它為系動詞.
但另外還有一些系動詞同時又是不及物的實義動詞, 常見的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 這些詞有的語法書上稱為半聯(lián)系動詞.
【Multiple choice questions】
4 Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage. ___b___ he has just bought twelve pigeons.
a. That's so b. That's why c. Because d. For
so表示前面是原因, 后面是結(jié)果
That's why+從句 那就是……原因, 前者是原因, 后者why后面是結(jié)果was caught in the traffic jam. That's why I was late.
That's后面的表語從句常常用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo), 再加一個句子
That's when we can start class.
That's where we will have a meeting.
That's how I get to school.
8 Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His ___b___ garage is in Pinhurst.
a. another b. other c. else d. different
在語法上, 冠詞（an/a）、形容詞性物主代詞（his/my/your）、名詞所有格（my mother's）不能同時并存的, 一般要用只能用其中一個
another=an +other 另外一個，強調(diào)的是剩下的還有好幾個當中的一個, 強調(diào)的是有三個以上
other 其它的, 加單數(shù)就表示一個, his取代the的位置
語法的范圍正在放寬松, his another 也對, 但不太好
else 其他的，放在被修飾詞的后面, 會修飾兩種詞, 疑問詞和不定代詞
修飾疑問代詞： who else,…
What else can I do for you?
修飾不定代詞：anyone else, anything else
pigeon n. 鴿子
message n. 信息
cover v. 越過
distance n. 距離
request n. 要求，請求
spare part 備件
service n. 業(yè)務(wù)，服務(wù)
★pigeon n. 鴿子
It's not my pigeon. ＝None of my business. 不關(guān)我的事。
★message n. （口頭或書面的）信息
Here is a message for you from your sister.
an oral/written message 口信/便條
leave sb. a message 給……留便條
I'll leave you a message.
take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信
Can I take a message for you? 我能替你捎個口信嗎?
Can you take a message for me? 你能替我捎個口信嗎?
take a message to sb. 給某人口信
打電話 :
Hello!--May I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?
--Can you take a message for me?
information n. 信息（不可數(shù)）
messenger n. 送信人，信使
★cover v. 越過；覆蓋
① vt. 蓋，覆蓋
Snow covered the whole village.
She covered the child with a coat. 她給孩子蓋了件外衣。
② vt. 行過（一段距離），走過（通常不用被動語態(tài)）
cover+距離 越過……
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes.
③ n. 覆蓋物，蓋子，罩子，套子
Put a cover on the box!
★distance n. 距離
keep distance 保持距離
distant adj.遠距離的
Can I share this table?
Can I join you?
importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的
difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的
★request n. 要求, 請求
① n.
request for 對……有請求, 有需求
I have a request for the cake.
He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延長時間的請求。
She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里請求幫助。
② v. 要求, 請求
request sb.to do sth. ＝ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做……
You are required/asked to do sth. （對人要求習慣用被動語態(tài)）
★spare adj. 備用的
① vt. 抽出（時間等），讓給
Have you got five minutes to spare?
I cannot spare the time.
I have no time to spare.
② vt. 饒恕，赦免
The robbers spared his life.
‘Share me!’begged the prisoner.
③ adj. 多余的，空閑的，剩下的，備用的
You can sleep in the spare bedroom.
Where can I get spare parts for this machine?
I have no spare time now.
‘Have you any old clothes that you do not want?’ he asked.
=‘Have you any old clothes to spare?’he asked.
★service n. 業(yè)務(wù), 服務(wù)
service作為不可數(shù)名詞時通常用于表示旅館、餐館以及商店等對旅客、顧客等的侍候、接待或服務(wù)；作為可數(shù)名詞時可以表示為幫助他人所采取的行動或所做的工作。
The service in that hotel is quite good.
You have done me a great service.
service既可以指公用事業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)，如：the mail service（郵政業(yè)務(wù)）、the telephone service（電話業(yè)務(wù)）；也可指辦這些業(yè)務(wù)的機構(gòu)，如：a travel service（旅行社）、a news service（通訊社）。
At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service.
我很樂意為您效勞.
serve v. 服務(wù), 接待
——Thank you.
——You are welcome.(下次又需要再來找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用謝)/That's (all)right./That's ok.(絕對正確, 絕對過時)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高興這么做, 把自己放得很低, 把對方抬得很高)
Thank you for your listening.在講課, 演講結(jié)束時說, 即感謝大家的合作的概念（應(yīng)以鼓掌回應(yīng)）
情急之下, 可用No thanks.回答
——Sorry. ——No sorry.
【Text】
Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.
參考譯文
詹姆斯.斯科特先生在錫爾伯里有一個汽車修理部, 現(xiàn)在他剛在平赫斯特買了另一個汽車修理部. 平赫特離錫爾伯里只有5英里, 但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能為他新的汽車修理部搞到一部電話機, 所以他買了只鴿子. 昨天, 一只鴿子把第一封信從平赫特帶到錫爾伯里. 這只鳥只用了3分鐘就飛完了全程. 到目前為止, 斯科特先生從一個汽車修理部向另一個發(fā)送了大量索取備件的信件和其他緊急函件. 就這樣, 他開始自己的私人 “電話” 業(yè)務(wù).
【課文講解】
1、Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.
garage[] n. 車庫, 車行（英美讀音不同）
another(+單數(shù)名詞) 其它的很多個中的一個，
Can you show me another?
other(+名詞) adj.其它的(可加單/復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
the other 兩個之中的另外一個
one…the other… 一個……另一個……
One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading.
others(不用再加名詞)= other + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)
Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).
2、Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.
介詞from在這里表示距離上相隔，作“距……”、“離……”講，常與away連用
It is far (away) from here.
Bus stop is only one mile from school/here.
Bus stop is only one mile (away).
She has been away from home for 5 days now.
How far...? 多遠（對距離提問）
How far(away) is the bus stop?
How far is your home(from here)?
My home is ten miles away from here.
get a telephone 得到電話, 安裝電話
3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.
carry v. 帶著, 攜帶（其強調(diào)所攜帶的東西不會著地）
I carried my son. （背或抱著）
I carry the bag.
take v. 帶著
I take my sister to the cinema.
from…to…表示從一個地方到另一個地方
He looked at the girl from head to foot.
The news spread from house to house. 家家戶戶都得知了這條消息。
4、The bird covered the distance in three minutes.
cover the distance 飛過那段距離
5、Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.
up to now =up till now 到目前為止，到現(xiàn)在為止(作時間狀語，時態(tài)多用現(xiàn)在完成時，相當于until/till now)
Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.
request for 對……的需求
a great many(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 許多……
a great many可以做形容詞短語：
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.
也可作代詞短語：
He has read a great many of the books in this room.
a great number of(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)) 許多……
urgent adj. 緊急的
something urgent 緊急的事情
【Key structures】
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時
在表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的事情或動作時，要用一般過去時。在表示剛剛或者已經(jīng)完成一個動作并且對現(xiàn)在有影響時，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時，時間狀語可以是不特指的now，just或者for引導(dǎo)的一段時間，或者不加任何時間狀語。
一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的共同點：動作在過去都做過了；區(qū)別：過去式只能強調(diào)過去的事, 和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系.
I ate a piece of bread.
現(xiàn)在完成時, 強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響.
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry.
The clock stopped. 陳述事實
The clock has stopped. 過去的事實對現(xiàn)在造成影響
It snowed yesterday.
It has snowed yesterday. 強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成影響
【Special Difficulties】
帶way的短語
in the way 按照，以……方式
Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我給你示范的方法來做你的工作。
I do the work in the way you showed me.
I fly the kite in the way you showed me.
in the/one’s way 擋路；妨礙（某人）
Sorry, you are in the way.(在口語中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了)
Don’t stand in the way. I can’t see the blackboard.
in this way 這樣,以這種方式
He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.
in a way 從某種意義上來說，在某種程度上
In a way, you are kind.
in a friendly way 用友好的方式
in the family way 懷孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)
The woman is in the family way.
by the way 隨便說一聲, 隨便問一下(插入語，改變話題時用)
By the way, have you seen Harry recently?
on the/one’s way(to) 在去……的途中(陳述句) :
on the way to school/the office；on the way home
out of the way 讓路
Get out of the way! 你給我滾出去!
get one's own way 隨心所欲 (at one’s pleasure)
Children get their own way during the holidays.
關(guān)于系動詞 : 一般來說, 如be become 一定不單獨使用, 往往要在后面加上表語, 我們稱它為系動詞.
但另外還有一些系動詞同時又是不及物的實義動詞, 常見的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 這些詞有的語法書上稱為半聯(lián)系動詞.
【Multiple choice questions】
4 Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage. ___b___ he has just bought twelve pigeons.
a. That's so b. That's why c. Because d. For
so表示前面是原因, 后面是結(jié)果
That's why+從句 那就是……原因, 前者是原因, 后者why后面是結(jié)果was caught in the traffic jam. That's why I was late.
That's后面的表語從句常常用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo), 再加一個句子
That's when we can start class.
That's where we will have a meeting.
That's how I get to school.
8 Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury. His ___b___ garage is in Pinhurst.
a. another b. other c. else d. different
在語法上, 冠詞（an/a）、形容詞性物主代詞（his/my/your）、名詞所有格（my mother's）不能同時并存的, 一般要用只能用其中一個
another=an +other 另外一個，強調(diào)的是剩下的還有好幾個當中的一個, 強調(diào)的是有三個以上
other 其它的, 加單數(shù)就表示一個, his取代the的位置
語法的范圍正在放寬松, his another 也對, 但不太好
else 其他的，放在被修飾詞的后面, 會修飾兩種詞, 疑問詞和不定代詞
修飾疑問代詞： who else,…
What else can I do for you?
修飾不定代詞：anyone else, anything else