第十二篇
How a Terrible Battle helped to Change Europe
Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened that changed Britain and Europe for ever. At half past seven on the morning of July 1, 1916, whistles blew and thousands of British soldiers left their positions to attack their German enemies. By the end of the day, 20,000 of them were dead, and another 30,000 wounded or missing. The Battle of the Somme, 1 it is called, lasted for six months1. When it ended, 125,000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of ground.
This was one of a series of great battles during the WWI. The attack on the Somme was staged to relieve 2__ on the French, who were engaged in a great battle of their own at a place called Verdun. By the time the battle ended, over a million French and German troops had been killed.
About 17 million people were killed in WWI. There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one 3 most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every meter of space.
Local farmers working in the land still 4 the bodies of those who died in that battle. The dead of all nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards along the line of the border 5 France and Belgium. Relatives and descendants of those who died still visit these graveyards today. What the French call the "tourism of death" 6 an important contribution to the local economy.
It took a second great conflict before Europe was to turn 7 war itself.
Twenty-eight years after the Somme battle, a liberating army of British. American and Canadian troops took back 8 from another German invasion. More than 500,000 people were killed. New 9 were built.
Two great conflicts across two generations helped to change the European mind about war. Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe, is now probably more in __ 10 of peace than any other. One major cause of war in Europe was rivalry between France and Germany. The European Union was specifically formed to end that 11
According to US commentator William Pfaff, "Europeans are interested in a slow
development of civilized and tolerant international relations, 12 on problems
while avoiding catastrophes along the way. They have themselves only recently 13
from the catastrophes of the WWI and WWII, when tens of millions of people were destroyed. They don't want 14 "
The last British veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108. And the WWI is passing out of memory and into history2. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans 15 , it is still important to know a little about the terrible events of July 1, 1916.
詞匯：
descendant n.子孫
graveyard n. 墓地
rivalry n. 競爭
catastrophe n. 災(zāi)難
注釋：
1. The battle of the Somme, as it is called, lasted for six months. 索姆河戰(zhàn)役，大家都這么叫，進(jìn)行了六個(gè)月。
2. And the WWI is passing out of memory and into history. 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)正在從我們的記憶中消失，遠(yuǎn)離我們而去。
1. A) since B) because C) as D) for
2. A) oppression B) anxiety C) pressure D) resistance
3. A) which B) where C) why D) that
4. A) find B) look for C) seek D) look at
5. A) among B) on C) in D) between
6. A) makes B) brings C) gives D) adds
7. A) into B) to C) in D) against
8. A) America B) Britain C) Canada D) France
9. A) monuments B) graveyards C) tablets D) gravestones
10. A) hatred B) suspicion C) favor D) fear
11. A) war B) rivalry C) battle D) revenge
12. A) compromising B) confronting C) attacking D) fighting
13. A) restored B) recovered C) rebuilt D) relaxed
14. A) much B) many C) more D) less
15. A) believe B) consider C) know D) think
答案與題解：
1. C since:因?yàn)椋?because:因?yàn)椋?as:關(guān)系代詞；for: 因?yàn)?。since, because和for填入后生成的原因狀語跟主句的意思不協(xié)調(diào)，惟有填入as句子的意義成立。As相當(dāng)于which。
2. C oppression:壓迫； anxiety: 憂慮；pressure:壓力； resistance: 抵抗。該題問的是：發(fā)動(dòng)索姆河戰(zhàn)役的目的是為了緩解什么？可以看出，應(yīng)該是緩解壓力。所以選pressure是最合適的。
3. B which:哪一個(gè)； where:在哪里；why:為什么；that:關(guān)系代詞。先行詞one等于one war. 這兒講的是“在索姆河戰(zhàn)役中”死去了很多人，因此用where 或in which。
4. A find:找到；look for:找；seek:找；look at:看。除了find的動(dòng)作是有終點(diǎn)的外，look for, seek和look at 都沒有，這些詞也叫做活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞。主意：work 也是活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞。句子中再出現(xiàn)一個(gè)活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，句子的意思非常古怪。所以find是正確的選項(xiàng)
5. D among：在……中間；on: 在……上面；in:在……里面；between: 在……之間。邊界一般存在于兩國之間，因此用between。
6. A make.制造；bring:帶；give:給；add:加。 to make contributions to： 做出貢獻(xiàn)。這是個(gè)固定的詞組。整個(gè)句子說的是：法國人所說的“死亡之旅”對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。
7. D into: 進(jìn)入； to: 進(jìn)；in:在……里面；against:反對(duì)。此處用 against。整個(gè)句子講的是：歐洲本身起來反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭是在經(jīng)過第二次大規(guī)模的對(duì)抗之后。
8. D America:美國；Britain:英國；Canada:加拿大；France: 法國。法國在二戰(zhàn)開始后不久就被德國占領(lǐng)，在二戰(zhàn)的后期，盟軍在諾曼底登陸，法國才得到解放?；卮疬@道題可以借助些世界知識(shí)。其實(shí)，從上文a liberating army of Britain, America and Canadian troops(中國、英國、美國和加拿大不對(duì)組成的一支解放軍)我們也可以推出合適的選擇是France。
9. B monument:紀(jì)念碑；graveyard:墓地；tablet:石碑； gravestone: 墓碑。又死了五十多萬人，如何處置這些死去的人？顯然需要建新的墓地。所以選graveyards。
10. C hatred:恨；suspicion: 懷疑； favor:恩惠；fear害怕。in favor of:支持。是固定的表達(dá)式。
11. B war:戰(zhàn)爭；rivalry:競爭；battle:戰(zhàn)斗；revenge:報(bào)復(fù)。主意空格前的限定詞that，它有照應(yīng)的作用，回指前面的rivalry,因此填 rivalry是的方案。
12. A compromise:妥協(xié)； confront: 對(duì)抗；attack: 攻擊；fight: 打。上文說的是：歐洲人的興趣是發(fā)展一種文明的、可容忍的國際關(guān)系。意思上的連貫要求我們選compromising。
13. B repeat：重復(fù)； recover:恢復(fù)；repair: 修建； relax:放松。 repair 需要有賓語，因此不是正確的選擇。recover 常跟from。 所以選recovered 是對(duì)的。
14. C much:許多；many:許多； more更多； less:更少。上文說到兩次戰(zhàn)爭中死了幾萬人，顯然他們不想死更多的人，因此用more。
15. D believe: 相信； assume: 假設(shè)； know: 知道； think: 想。只有填入think整個(gè)句子是連貫的。
How a Terrible Battle helped to Change Europe
Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France, something happened that changed Britain and Europe for ever. At half past seven on the morning of July 1, 1916, whistles blew and thousands of British soldiers left their positions to attack their German enemies. By the end of the day, 20,000 of them were dead, and another 30,000 wounded or missing. The Battle of the Somme, 1 it is called, lasted for six months1. When it ended, 125,000 British soldiers were dead. They had gained five kilometers of ground.
This was one of a series of great battles during the WWI. The attack on the Somme was staged to relieve 2__ on the French, who were engaged in a great battle of their own at a place called Verdun. By the time the battle ended, over a million French and German troops had been killed.
About 17 million people were killed in WWI. There have been wars with greater numbers of dead. But there has never been one 3 most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area. On the Somme battlefield, two men died for every meter of space.
Local farmers working in the land still 4 the bodies of those who died in that battle. The dead of all nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards along the line of the border 5 France and Belgium. Relatives and descendants of those who died still visit these graveyards today. What the French call the "tourism of death" 6 an important contribution to the local economy.
It took a second great conflict before Europe was to turn 7 war itself.
Twenty-eight years after the Somme battle, a liberating army of British. American and Canadian troops took back 8 from another German invasion. More than 500,000 people were killed. New 9 were built.
Two great conflicts across two generations helped to change the European mind about war. Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe, is now probably more in __ 10 of peace than any other. One major cause of war in Europe was rivalry between France and Germany. The European Union was specifically formed to end that 11
According to US commentator William Pfaff, "Europeans are interested in a slow
development of civilized and tolerant international relations, 12 on problems
while avoiding catastrophes along the way. They have themselves only recently 13
from the catastrophes of the WWI and WWII, when tens of millions of people were destroyed. They don't want 14 "
The last British veteran of the Somme battle died in 2005, aged 108. And the WWI is passing out of memory and into history2. But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans 15 , it is still important to know a little about the terrible events of July 1, 1916.
詞匯：
descendant n.子孫
graveyard n. 墓地
rivalry n. 競爭
catastrophe n. 災(zāi)難
注釋：
1. The battle of the Somme, as it is called, lasted for six months. 索姆河戰(zhàn)役，大家都這么叫，進(jìn)行了六個(gè)月。
2. And the WWI is passing out of memory and into history. 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)正在從我們的記憶中消失，遠(yuǎn)離我們而去。
1. A) since B) because C) as D) for
2. A) oppression B) anxiety C) pressure D) resistance
3. A) which B) where C) why D) that
4. A) find B) look for C) seek D) look at
5. A) among B) on C) in D) between
6. A) makes B) brings C) gives D) adds
7. A) into B) to C) in D) against
8. A) America B) Britain C) Canada D) France
9. A) monuments B) graveyards C) tablets D) gravestones
10. A) hatred B) suspicion C) favor D) fear
11. A) war B) rivalry C) battle D) revenge
12. A) compromising B) confronting C) attacking D) fighting
13. A) restored B) recovered C) rebuilt D) relaxed
14. A) much B) many C) more D) less
15. A) believe B) consider C) know D) think
答案與題解：
1. C since:因?yàn)椋?because:因?yàn)椋?as:關(guān)系代詞；for: 因?yàn)?。since, because和for填入后生成的原因狀語跟主句的意思不協(xié)調(diào)，惟有填入as句子的意義成立。As相當(dāng)于which。
2. C oppression:壓迫； anxiety: 憂慮；pressure:壓力； resistance: 抵抗。該題問的是：發(fā)動(dòng)索姆河戰(zhàn)役的目的是為了緩解什么？可以看出，應(yīng)該是緩解壓力。所以選pressure是最合適的。
3. B which:哪一個(gè)； where:在哪里；why:為什么；that:關(guān)系代詞。先行詞one等于one war. 這兒講的是“在索姆河戰(zhàn)役中”死去了很多人，因此用where 或in which。
4. A find:找到；look for:找；seek:找；look at:看。除了find的動(dòng)作是有終點(diǎn)的外，look for, seek和look at 都沒有，這些詞也叫做活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞。主意：work 也是活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞。句子中再出現(xiàn)一個(gè)活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，句子的意思非常古怪。所以find是正確的選項(xiàng)
5. D among：在……中間；on: 在……上面；in:在……里面；between: 在……之間。邊界一般存在于兩國之間，因此用between。
6. A make.制造；bring:帶；give:給；add:加。 to make contributions to： 做出貢獻(xiàn)。這是個(gè)固定的詞組。整個(gè)句子說的是：法國人所說的“死亡之旅”對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)。
7. D into: 進(jìn)入； to: 進(jìn)；in:在……里面；against:反對(duì)。此處用 against。整個(gè)句子講的是：歐洲本身起來反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭是在經(jīng)過第二次大規(guī)模的對(duì)抗之后。
8. D America:美國；Britain:英國；Canada:加拿大；France: 法國。法國在二戰(zhàn)開始后不久就被德國占領(lǐng)，在二戰(zhàn)的后期，盟軍在諾曼底登陸，法國才得到解放?；卮疬@道題可以借助些世界知識(shí)。其實(shí)，從上文a liberating army of Britain, America and Canadian troops(中國、英國、美國和加拿大不對(duì)組成的一支解放軍)我們也可以推出合適的選擇是France。
9. B monument:紀(jì)念碑；graveyard:墓地；tablet:石碑； gravestone: 墓碑。又死了五十多萬人，如何處置這些死去的人？顯然需要建新的墓地。所以選graveyards。
10. C hatred:恨；suspicion: 懷疑； favor:恩惠；fear害怕。in favor of:支持。是固定的表達(dá)式。
11. B war:戰(zhàn)爭；rivalry:競爭；battle:戰(zhàn)斗；revenge:報(bào)復(fù)。主意空格前的限定詞that，它有照應(yīng)的作用，回指前面的rivalry,因此填 rivalry是的方案。
12. A compromise:妥協(xié)； confront: 對(duì)抗；attack: 攻擊；fight: 打。上文說的是：歐洲人的興趣是發(fā)展一種文明的、可容忍的國際關(guān)系。意思上的連貫要求我們選compromising。
13. B repeat：重復(fù)； recover:恢復(fù)；repair: 修建； relax:放松。 repair 需要有賓語，因此不是正確的選擇。recover 常跟from。 所以選recovered 是對(duì)的。
14. C much:許多；many:許多； more更多； less:更少。上文說到兩次戰(zhàn)爭中死了幾萬人，顯然他們不想死更多的人，因此用more。
15. D believe: 相信； assume: 假設(shè)； know: 知道； think: 想。只有填入think整個(gè)句子是連貫的。