完型填空的基本解題原則是從已知信息中尋找定位出所有與未知填空相關(guān)聯(lián)的信息線索，通過綜合分析這些線索推測未知填空的答案。因此，我們在這里總結(jié)一些具有普遍性的尋找定位相關(guān)已知線索的方法和規(guī)律。這些方法更多地適用于動詞、名詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞。
1.根據(jù)文章的中心主線，采用無關(guān)字排除法。
完型文章一般都有非常明確的中心主線，且整個文章很緊湊，就是緊緊圍繞著中心主線展開。因此，理論上正確的選項(xiàng)一定是緊扣文章的主題和中心主線的。故而，一些看上去明顯和文章主題和中心主線毫無關(guān)系的選項(xiàng)基本上可以排除在正確答案之外。
2.依據(jù)文章的導(dǎo)向，采用同現(xiàn)做題法。
同現(xiàn)是一種詞匯的銜接手段。完型文章由于常常有明確的中心主線，所以作者往往會使用一些重點(diǎn)詞匯圍繞著中心主線貫穿全文。同現(xiàn)實(shí)際上就是一組具有相同傾向性的詞語，這些詞語所表現(xiàn)的傾向性往往與中心主線中的導(dǎo)向一致，或者說這些同現(xiàn)詞語的任務(wù)就是對文章的導(dǎo)向進(jìn)行展開支持。因此，文章的整體導(dǎo)向這個已知線索可以成為解出這些同現(xiàn)詞語的關(guān)鍵信息。
3.查找形成復(fù)現(xiàn)概念的已知詞。
復(fù)現(xiàn)是完型文章中詞匯的另一種銜接手段，即表達(dá)相同意思的詞匯在文章的不同地方出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)可以是相同的詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也可以是用不同的詞表達(dá)相同的意思。復(fù)現(xiàn)的解題意義在于：如果判斷出一個未知填空與上下文的那些已知詞匯有復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，只要從選項(xiàng)中選出與那些詞匯意義相同的就是正確答案。
4.利用關(guān)聯(lián)成分。
關(guān)聯(lián)是完型文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，即將兩個或兩個以上的同類別詞語，比如兩個動詞、兩個形容詞以連續(xù)排比的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)。在這種情況下，兩個關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯在句子中的語法地位一樣，且常常起一樣的語法作用，之間又明顯具有某種邏輯關(guān)系。關(guān)聯(lián)的解題意義在于：出題人一般會將一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞語設(shè)置成已知信息，另一個是未知的，這樣那個已知的詞語便成為*未知詞語的關(guān)鍵線索。
5.總分結(jié)構(gòu)對照法。
由于總分之間的基本關(guān)系是互相支持，互相印證的對照關(guān)系，而且總述是對分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對總述的展開。當(dāng)一些未知填空出現(xiàn)在總述句時，解出這些填空的相關(guān)聯(lián)已知線索往往可以在與其對應(yīng)的分述部分找到。
6.時間線索。
完型文章中出現(xiàn)的時間信息一般都是非常有用的線索，因?yàn)橹灰ㄟ^分析這些時間線索就可以很快把握與這些時間線索聯(lián)系在一起的信息之間的關(guān)系。
考生可以參照一下幾個編者精解的典型例題，反復(fù)揣摩上述命題思路和解題技巧。
經(jīng)典例題
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened 21. As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 29, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36.
It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed 40 harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
21.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later
22.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until
23.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure
24.［A］process［B］company［C］light［D］form
25.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked
26.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off
27.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into
28.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective
29.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore
30.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized
31.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although
32.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible
33.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental
34.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty
35.［A］by means of［B］in terms of［C］with regard to［D］in line with
36.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller
37.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory
38.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected
39.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational
40.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］with
1.根據(jù)文章的中心主線，采用無關(guān)字排除法。
完型文章一般都有非常明確的中心主線，且整個文章很緊湊，就是緊緊圍繞著中心主線展開。因此，理論上正確的選項(xiàng)一定是緊扣文章的主題和中心主線的。故而，一些看上去明顯和文章主題和中心主線毫無關(guān)系的選項(xiàng)基本上可以排除在正確答案之外。
2.依據(jù)文章的導(dǎo)向，采用同現(xiàn)做題法。
同現(xiàn)是一種詞匯的銜接手段。完型文章由于常常有明確的中心主線，所以作者往往會使用一些重點(diǎn)詞匯圍繞著中心主線貫穿全文。同現(xiàn)實(shí)際上就是一組具有相同傾向性的詞語，這些詞語所表現(xiàn)的傾向性往往與中心主線中的導(dǎo)向一致，或者說這些同現(xiàn)詞語的任務(wù)就是對文章的導(dǎo)向進(jìn)行展開支持。因此，文章的整體導(dǎo)向這個已知線索可以成為解出這些同現(xiàn)詞語的關(guān)鍵信息。
3.查找形成復(fù)現(xiàn)概念的已知詞。
復(fù)現(xiàn)是完型文章中詞匯的另一種銜接手段，即表達(dá)相同意思的詞匯在文章的不同地方出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)可以是相同的詞重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也可以是用不同的詞表達(dá)相同的意思。復(fù)現(xiàn)的解題意義在于：如果判斷出一個未知填空與上下文的那些已知詞匯有復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，只要從選項(xiàng)中選出與那些詞匯意義相同的就是正確答案。
4.利用關(guān)聯(lián)成分。
關(guān)聯(lián)是完型文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，即將兩個或兩個以上的同類別詞語，比如兩個動詞、兩個形容詞以連續(xù)排比的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)。在這種情況下，兩個關(guān)聯(lián)詞匯在句子中的語法地位一樣，且常常起一樣的語法作用，之間又明顯具有某種邏輯關(guān)系。關(guān)聯(lián)的解題意義在于：出題人一般會將一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞語設(shè)置成已知信息，另一個是未知的，這樣那個已知的詞語便成為*未知詞語的關(guān)鍵線索。
5.總分結(jié)構(gòu)對照法。
由于總分之間的基本關(guān)系是互相支持，互相印證的對照關(guān)系，而且總述是對分述的總結(jié)和概括，而分述是對總述的展開。當(dāng)一些未知填空出現(xiàn)在總述句時，解出這些填空的相關(guān)聯(lián)已知線索往往可以在與其對應(yīng)的分述部分找到。
6.時間線索。
完型文章中出現(xiàn)的時間信息一般都是非常有用的線索，因?yàn)橹灰ㄟ^分析這些時間線索就可以很快把握與這些時間線索聯(lián)系在一起的信息之間的關(guān)系。
考生可以參照一下幾個編者精解的典型例題，反復(fù)揣摩上述命題思路和解題技巧。
經(jīng)典例題
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened 21. As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, 29, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36.
It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed 40 harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
21.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later
22.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until
23.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure
24.［A］process［B］company［C］light［D］form
25.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked
26.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off
27.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into
28.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective
29.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore
30.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized
31.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although
32.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible
33.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental
34.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty
35.［A］by means of［B］in terms of［C］with regard to［D］in line with
36.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller
37.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory
38.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected
39.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational
40.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］with