第三節(jié)題型分析
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)最基本的一項要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體保持不變。這種改寫是以填空的形式命題，即目標句里留有一處空白,考生填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。因此考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解原句的含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，才能找出需要補全的內(nèi)容，保證改寫正確。下面對各種句型進行分類講解。
（一）包含There be 的句型
There be句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There be + (數(shù)字) + 名詞+表示方位或范圍的介詞短語+（時間狀語），了解了這一基本結(jié)構(gòu)，就能找出句中應該進行轉(zhuǎn)換或補全的內(nèi)容。如：Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 There were many Chinese friends at the party.（PETS1大綱樣題71題）。很明顯，原句中表示地點的詞party在目標句中沒有出現(xiàn)，我們補入一個介詞短語即可。
There be 句型在某些時候還可以與含有 have 的句子相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：There are two chairs in my bedroom.可轉(zhuǎn)換為I have two chairs in my bedroom.目標句所有的物品以及場所都與原句相同，所以只能將其轉(zhuǎn)換為由 have 表示的所屬形式。
There are tears on her face.轉(zhuǎn)換為 She is crying.在這一句中，目標句只有簡單的主語和系動詞，但我們可以通過對原句內(nèi)容的理解得知“她的臉上有淚?！薄八蘖恕薄?BR> （二）包含it的句型
it用作形式主語時，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +adj.+to do sth.可以改為Doing sth.is+adj.如：It’s interesting to play football.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為Playing football is interesting.
強調(diào)句型通常強調(diào)人、物或時間。將it引導的強調(diào)句型轉(zhuǎn)換為非強調(diào)句型也是經(jīng)常考查的一項內(nèi)容。例如：It is Jack who broke the window. 轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack broke the window. It is ten o’clock when the film will start.轉(zhuǎn)換為 The film will start at ten o’clock. It is the red dress that I like best.轉(zhuǎn)換為 I like the red dress best.
（三）主動句與被動句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
當你在比較原句與目標句時，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一句的賓語變成了另一句的主語，或介詞by后面的詞句變成了另一句的主語，基本就可以確定這是一個主動句與被動句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Jack was given a lot of presents by his friends.轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack’s friends gave him a lot of presents.（PETS1大綱樣題72題）
（四）直接引語與間接引語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
這兩種句子的轉(zhuǎn)換比較明顯，原句和目標句中，有一句會出現(xiàn)引號，另一句沒有引號，依此可以確定這是直接引語與間接引語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Mary said：“Ann is the best student in the class this year.”轉(zhuǎn)換為Mary told me that Ann was the best student in the class that year.Mum asked me where I was going to go.轉(zhuǎn)換為Mum asked：“Where are you going to go？”
（五）其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
除以上提到的四種句型轉(zhuǎn)換外，還有其他一些形式的句型轉(zhuǎn)換，這些句型比較零散，覆蓋面廣，平時學習時要注意歸納總結(jié)規(guī)律性的東西，比較和掌握一些可以互換的同義詞或近義詞，以備考場上靈活運用。這里以能夠互換的典型詞組為線索，歸納舉例，供考生參考：prefer－like－would－rather，hard－difficult,too...to－so that, be good at－do well in， What引導的感嘆句－How引導的感嘆句等等。
二、書面表達
本部分要求考生根據(jù)題目所給信息用英文寫便條或短信。在完成這一任務時，考生需要注意的最主要一點就是不要遺忘題目中有用的信息。參照下題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些有用信息主要來自于題目中的情景和任務兩處。任務欄下的三點信息一目了然?？忌话悴粫z漏，需要注意的是不要遺忘包含在情景中的那一條信息。下面分析這個題目：
情景：Tom來北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門時，他還在睡覺。
任務：請你用英語給他寫一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
在家里可以干什么；
你中午何時回來；
提醒他下午有何安排。（PETS1大綱樣題74題）
該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時回來。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點之外，還要加上一點，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點包含在情景當中。
下面給出該題的范文：
Dear Tom,
I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some story books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)I’ll come back at about 11:30.(說明你中午何時回來。)After dinner, we’ll go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)
Li Ming
第四節(jié)應試指導
一、統(tǒng)籌安排時間
寫作部分共20分鐘，約占全部考試時間的20％。在20分鐘內(nèi)，考生要完成對題目要求的閱讀、更改三個句子、寫完一篇作文，時間比較緊張。因此統(tǒng)籌安排時間非常重要。為在較短的時間內(nèi)較好地完成題目的要求，在時間分配上，改寫句子部分不要超過5分鐘，這一部分分值較少，而且答案單一，對錯分明，易于完成；15分鐘留給作文，作文需要組織材料，構(gòu)思語句，加工潤色，整個過程較為復雜。因此要多安排時間。
二、確定寫作內(nèi)容
由于一級的作文相對比較簡單，所以寫作內(nèi)容的確定也就相對比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當中的有用信息就不會跑題。在閱讀題目指示時，要開動腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務中的幾點信息（通常為四點）,根據(jù)這些信息來安排內(nèi)容，確定主題，動手寫作。
三、控制字數(shù)
一級考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字數(shù)為50個單詞左右，大綱中的評分標準中提到“字數(shù)少于40或多于60的（不包括標點符號）從總分中減去1分”，所以考生要特別注意作文的字數(shù)。只要內(nèi)容緊扣情景和任務中已給出的信息，不寫與主題無關的話，每一個要點用一句話表述清楚，基本上可以將字數(shù)控制在50個左右。
四、保持卷面整潔
大綱中的評分標準中明確指出“如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數(shù)降低一個檔次?！彼?，在書寫的過程中，先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時也要養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習慣。否則，因為書寫問題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。
五、檢查
寫完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫作過程中產(chǎn)生的一些問題，如單詞的拼寫錯誤、詞組搭配錯誤和句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤等，以及寫出的東西是否達到了題目的要求，是否表達出了自己想要表達的內(nèi)容。
另外，一級的寫作依據(jù)是具體情景，強調(diào)語言的實用性和真實性。所以，平時要注意觀察生活，積累生活常識，這樣在寫作時，才能下筆有物。
第五節(jié)改寫句子
一、改寫句子練習
1.It’s very kind of you to bring me the flowers.
Thank you very much.
2.He sold newspapers in spare time so that he can earn more money for his family.
he sold newspapers in spare time.
3.We are proud because we are the builders of the new century.
We are proudthe builders of the new century.
4.He doesn’t like shopping, I don’t either.
likes shopping.
5.The students said that they won’t be free that night.
The students said that theythat night.
6.The teacher told us not to make noise .
The teacher told us.
7.She has made a name for herself as a painter.
Sheas a painter.
8.He has lost the control over his temper.
Hehis temper any longer.
9.He has written quite a few books on the subject.
Quite a few bookson the subject.
10.Today pollution is more serious than it was years ago.
Pollution yearsagoit is today.
11.People hold the Olympic Games every four years.
The Olympic Gamesevery four years.
12.I think the room is small for my family.
I don’t thinkfor my family.
13.Jack enjoys listening to the radio.He also enjoys watching TV.
Jack enjoys listening to the radioas watching TV.
14.The new job made Henry angry easily.
Henryangry easily his new job.
15.Jack left his lunch at home.
Jackhis lunch.
16.It’s necessary for you to change your dress.
You needyour dress.
17.Bill will have the radio repaired.
Bill will askrepair the radio for him.
18.I could do with a simple lunch.
A simple lunchfine with me.
19.When she awoke,she had a feeling of terror.
She awokeof terror.
20.If you are lucky enough, you may get your novel published.
Withluck, you may get your novel published.
21.She is too carless to take care of her baby brother.
She isenough to take care of her baby brother.
22.He felt so hot that he took off his shirt.
It was too hotkeep wearing the shirt.
23.Mary does not like ice瞔ream as much as John does.
John likes ice瞔reamMary does.
24.We have to plant the beans in a row.
The beansin a row.
25.Sally was walking down the street in her new coat when John saw her.
John saw Sallyshe was walking down the street.
26.The book I wanted is not to be found in the library.
The librarythe book I wanted.
27.When did he break his leg?
How longhe break his leg?
28.Mrs.King was busy, so she didn’t come to the English party.
Mrs.King didn’t come to the English party she was busy.
29.Nothing is wrong with your bike.
anything wrong with your bike.
30.Let’s go skating, shall we?
going skating?
31.My parents aren’t at home at the moment.
My parents aren’t at home.
32.They started to look for the lost child.
Theyto look for the lost child.
33.He looked at me in surprise when I told him the news.
Helook at me when I told him the news.
34.The workers are still working hard at noon.
The workers are still working hardthe day.
35.Class 4 will have a match with Class 5 this afternoon.
Class 4 willClass 5 this afternoon.
36.It was raining when I went home yesterday.
yesterday, it was raining.
37.The eraser goes from one student to another.
The mustthe eraser fromto another.
38.Go down this road, and turn right at the first crossing.
this road, andthe firstthe right.
39.John is a Canadian.
JohnCanada.
40.The other students must close their eyes.
The other students musttheir eyes.
41.The headmaster took his place, and the meeting began at once.
The meeting beganthe headmaster took his place.
42.There is a hospital opposite the shop.
There is a hospitalthe shop.
43.She always works hard at English.
She always.
44.Which month do you like best?
Which yourmonth.
45.Wei Hua had a very busy day yesterday.
Wei Huavery busy yesterday.
46.Kate came to school late yesterday.
Kate yesterday.
47.Don’t hurry. You can finish the work by supper.
You can finish the work by supper.
48.Mr.Smith did not catch the last train yesterday because of rain.
Mr. Smiththe last train yesterday because of rain.
49.There will be an important meeting. He must attend it.
He has an important meeting .
50.I have no sisters.
Ihavesisters.
51.He spent 5 dollars buying that skirt.
That skirt him 5 dollars.
52.They got up early so that they could catch the bus.
They got up early catch the bus.
53.My mother bought me a watch yesterday.
My mother bought me yesterday.
54.Why did you do that?
did you do that?
55.He was surprised to find the light had gone out.
his, he found the light had gone out.
56.That morning she went to school in a hurry.
That morning sheschool.
57.The little girl took out her new toy(玩具)to let her friends look at it.
The little girl took out her new toy toit her friends.
58.It rained very hard last night.
Therelast night.
59.It will not rain tomorrow. If so, they will go to the park.
They will go to the park iftomorrow.
60.The school needs maths teachers very much.
The school isgreatmaths teachers
一、改寫句子
該節(jié)最基本的一項要求是保證改寫后的句子和原句的意思大體保持不變。這種改寫是以填空的形式命題，即目標句里留有一處空白,考生填補空白并使補全的句子與原句意思一致。因此考生要仔細閱讀原句，準確理解原句的含義，將原句和目標句相互比較，才能找出需要補全的內(nèi)容，保證改寫正確。下面對各種句型進行分類講解。
（一）包含There be 的句型
There be句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：There be + (數(shù)字) + 名詞+表示方位或范圍的介詞短語+（時間狀語），了解了這一基本結(jié)構(gòu)，就能找出句中應該進行轉(zhuǎn)換或補全的內(nèi)容。如：Many Chinese friends went to the party.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 There were many Chinese friends at the party.（PETS1大綱樣題71題）。很明顯，原句中表示地點的詞party在目標句中沒有出現(xiàn)，我們補入一個介詞短語即可。
There be 句型在某些時候還可以與含有 have 的句子相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：There are two chairs in my bedroom.可轉(zhuǎn)換為I have two chairs in my bedroom.目標句所有的物品以及場所都與原句相同，所以只能將其轉(zhuǎn)換為由 have 表示的所屬形式。
There are tears on her face.轉(zhuǎn)換為 She is crying.在這一句中，目標句只有簡單的主語和系動詞，但我們可以通過對原句內(nèi)容的理解得知“她的臉上有淚?！薄八蘖恕薄?BR> （二）包含it的句型
it用作形式主語時，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is +adj.+to do sth.可以改為Doing sth.is+adj.如：It’s interesting to play football.可以轉(zhuǎn)換為Playing football is interesting.
強調(diào)句型通常強調(diào)人、物或時間。將it引導的強調(diào)句型轉(zhuǎn)換為非強調(diào)句型也是經(jīng)常考查的一項內(nèi)容。例如：It is Jack who broke the window. 轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack broke the window. It is ten o’clock when the film will start.轉(zhuǎn)換為 The film will start at ten o’clock. It is the red dress that I like best.轉(zhuǎn)換為 I like the red dress best.
（三）主動句與被動句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
當你在比較原句與目標句時，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一句的賓語變成了另一句的主語，或介詞by后面的詞句變成了另一句的主語，基本就可以確定這是一個主動句與被動句的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Jack was given a lot of presents by his friends.轉(zhuǎn)換為Jack’s friends gave him a lot of presents.（PETS1大綱樣題72題）
（四）直接引語與間接引語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
這兩種句子的轉(zhuǎn)換比較明顯，原句和目標句中，有一句會出現(xiàn)引號，另一句沒有引號，依此可以確定這是直接引語與間接引語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Mary said：“Ann is the best student in the class this year.”轉(zhuǎn)換為Mary told me that Ann was the best student in the class that year.Mum asked me where I was going to go.轉(zhuǎn)換為Mum asked：“Where are you going to go？”
（五）其他句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
除以上提到的四種句型轉(zhuǎn)換外，還有其他一些形式的句型轉(zhuǎn)換，這些句型比較零散，覆蓋面廣，平時學習時要注意歸納總結(jié)規(guī)律性的東西，比較和掌握一些可以互換的同義詞或近義詞，以備考場上靈活運用。這里以能夠互換的典型詞組為線索，歸納舉例，供考生參考：prefer－like－would－rather，hard－difficult,too...to－so that, be good at－do well in， What引導的感嘆句－How引導的感嘆句等等。
二、書面表達
本部分要求考生根據(jù)題目所給信息用英文寫便條或短信。在完成這一任務時，考生需要注意的最主要一點就是不要遺忘題目中有用的信息。參照下題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些有用信息主要來自于題目中的情景和任務兩處。任務欄下的三點信息一目了然?？忌话悴粫z漏，需要注意的是不要遺忘包含在情景中的那一條信息。下面分析這個題目：
情景：Tom來北京跟你一起度暑假，住在你家。今天下午，你有事外出。出門時，他還在睡覺。
任務：請你用英語給他寫一張50字左右的便條。告訴他：
在家里可以干什么；
你中午何時回來；
提醒他下午有何安排。（PETS1大綱樣題74題）
該題除了“在家里可以干什么。你中午何時回來。提醒他下午有何安排?！边@三點之外，還要加上一點，即今天上午，你有事外出。這一點包含在情景當中。
下面給出該題的范文：
Dear Tom,
I have to go out this morning.(交代了今天上午，你有事外出。)You can read some story books or walk around the area.(告訴了他在家里可以干什么。)I’ll come back at about 11:30.(說明你中午何時回來。)After dinner, we’ll go to the Beijing Zoo.(提醒他下午有何安排。)
Li Ming
第四節(jié)應試指導
一、統(tǒng)籌安排時間
寫作部分共20分鐘，約占全部考試時間的20％。在20分鐘內(nèi)，考生要完成對題目要求的閱讀、更改三個句子、寫完一篇作文，時間比較緊張。因此統(tǒng)籌安排時間非常重要。為在較短的時間內(nèi)較好地完成題目的要求，在時間分配上，改寫句子部分不要超過5分鐘，這一部分分值較少，而且答案單一，對錯分明，易于完成；15分鐘留給作文，作文需要組織材料，構(gòu)思語句，加工潤色，整個過程較為復雜。因此要多安排時間。
二、確定寫作內(nèi)容
由于一級的作文相對比較簡單，所以寫作內(nèi)容的確定也就相對比較容易。只要考生抓住題目當中的有用信息就不會跑題。在閱讀題目指示時，要開動腦筋，首先找出包含在情景和任務中的幾點信息（通常為四點）,根據(jù)這些信息來安排內(nèi)容，確定主題，動手寫作。
三、控制字數(shù)
一級考試其試卷中明確規(guī)定作文的字數(shù)為50個單詞左右，大綱中的評分標準中提到“字數(shù)少于40或多于60的（不包括標點符號）從總分中減去1分”，所以考生要特別注意作文的字數(shù)。只要內(nèi)容緊扣情景和任務中已給出的信息，不寫與主題無關的話，每一個要點用一句話表述清楚，基本上可以將字數(shù)控制在50個左右。
四、保持卷面整潔
大綱中的評分標準中明確指出“如書寫較差，以致影響交際，將分數(shù)降低一個檔次?！彼?，在書寫的過程中，先打腹稿，以免下筆后再涂改，造成卷面的臟亂。平時也要養(yǎng)成良好的書寫習慣。否則，因為書寫問題而降低作文的檔次，就很可惜了。
五、檢查
寫完后，還需要以讀者和閱卷人的眼光，將文章審讀一遍，找出在寫作過程中產(chǎn)生的一些問題，如單詞的拼寫錯誤、詞組搭配錯誤和句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤等，以及寫出的東西是否達到了題目的要求，是否表達出了自己想要表達的內(nèi)容。
另外，一級的寫作依據(jù)是具體情景，強調(diào)語言的實用性和真實性。所以，平時要注意觀察生活，積累生活常識，這樣在寫作時，才能下筆有物。
第五節(jié)改寫句子
一、改寫句子練習
1.It’s very kind of you to bring me the flowers.
Thank you very much.
2.He sold newspapers in spare time so that he can earn more money for his family.
he sold newspapers in spare time.
3.We are proud because we are the builders of the new century.
We are proudthe builders of the new century.
4.He doesn’t like shopping, I don’t either.
likes shopping.
5.The students said that they won’t be free that night.
The students said that theythat night.
6.The teacher told us not to make noise .
The teacher told us.
7.She has made a name for herself as a painter.
Sheas a painter.
8.He has lost the control over his temper.
Hehis temper any longer.
9.He has written quite a few books on the subject.
Quite a few bookson the subject.
10.Today pollution is more serious than it was years ago.
Pollution yearsagoit is today.
11.People hold the Olympic Games every four years.
The Olympic Gamesevery four years.
12.I think the room is small for my family.
I don’t thinkfor my family.
13.Jack enjoys listening to the radio.He also enjoys watching TV.
Jack enjoys listening to the radioas watching TV.
14.The new job made Henry angry easily.
Henryangry easily his new job.
15.Jack left his lunch at home.
Jackhis lunch.
16.It’s necessary for you to change your dress.
You needyour dress.
17.Bill will have the radio repaired.
Bill will askrepair the radio for him.
18.I could do with a simple lunch.
A simple lunchfine with me.
19.When she awoke,she had a feeling of terror.
She awokeof terror.
20.If you are lucky enough, you may get your novel published.
Withluck, you may get your novel published.
21.She is too carless to take care of her baby brother.
She isenough to take care of her baby brother.
22.He felt so hot that he took off his shirt.
It was too hotkeep wearing the shirt.
23.Mary does not like ice瞔ream as much as John does.
John likes ice瞔reamMary does.
24.We have to plant the beans in a row.
The beansin a row.
25.Sally was walking down the street in her new coat when John saw her.
John saw Sallyshe was walking down the street.
26.The book I wanted is not to be found in the library.
The librarythe book I wanted.
27.When did he break his leg?
How longhe break his leg?
28.Mrs.King was busy, so she didn’t come to the English party.
Mrs.King didn’t come to the English party she was busy.
29.Nothing is wrong with your bike.
anything wrong with your bike.
30.Let’s go skating, shall we?
going skating?
31.My parents aren’t at home at the moment.
My parents aren’t at home.
32.They started to look for the lost child.
Theyto look for the lost child.
33.He looked at me in surprise when I told him the news.
Helook at me when I told him the news.
34.The workers are still working hard at noon.
The workers are still working hardthe day.
35.Class 4 will have a match with Class 5 this afternoon.
Class 4 willClass 5 this afternoon.
36.It was raining when I went home yesterday.
yesterday, it was raining.
37.The eraser goes from one student to another.
The mustthe eraser fromto another.
38.Go down this road, and turn right at the first crossing.
this road, andthe firstthe right.
39.John is a Canadian.
JohnCanada.
40.The other students must close their eyes.
The other students musttheir eyes.
41.The headmaster took his place, and the meeting began at once.
The meeting beganthe headmaster took his place.
42.There is a hospital opposite the shop.
There is a hospitalthe shop.
43.She always works hard at English.
She always.
44.Which month do you like best?
Which yourmonth.
45.Wei Hua had a very busy day yesterday.
Wei Huavery busy yesterday.
46.Kate came to school late yesterday.
Kate yesterday.
47.Don’t hurry. You can finish the work by supper.
You can finish the work by supper.
48.Mr.Smith did not catch the last train yesterday because of rain.
Mr. Smiththe last train yesterday because of rain.
49.There will be an important meeting. He must attend it.
He has an important meeting .
50.I have no sisters.
Ihavesisters.
51.He spent 5 dollars buying that skirt.
That skirt him 5 dollars.
52.They got up early so that they could catch the bus.
They got up early catch the bus.
53.My mother bought me a watch yesterday.
My mother bought me yesterday.
54.Why did you do that?
did you do that?
55.He was surprised to find the light had gone out.
his, he found the light had gone out.
56.That morning she went to school in a hurry.
That morning sheschool.
57.The little girl took out her new toy(玩具)to let her friends look at it.
The little girl took out her new toy toit her friends.
58.It rained very hard last night.
Therelast night.
59.It will not rain tomorrow. If so, they will go to the park.
They will go to the park iftomorrow.
60.The school needs maths teachers very much.
The school isgreatmaths teachers