11.Two-word Verbs 成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
A: Hi, Mary, how are you doing?
B: Fine. What happended to you yesterday? I didn't see you in class.
A: Oh, I overslept as usual. What went on anyway?
B: We heard about two-word verbs.
A: What's a two-word verb?
B: Things like drop in, go over, get out, fill up. Listen to these two sentences: citation will run in the third race tomorrow; Mr.Lee will run in to see you tomorrow. Can you tell which run in is the two-word verb?
Notes
How are you doing? 同how are you? (美國(guó)人見(jiàn)面時(shí)常用的問(wèn)候語(yǔ))
What happened to you yesterday? 昨天你出了什么事？
What went on? 發(fā)生了什么事？
Citation 一匹賽馬的名字
Run in 順便來(lái)訪(fǎng)
A：喂，瑪麗，你好嗎?
B：很好。昨天你出了什么事？我在課堂上沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。
A：啊，像往常一樣睡過(guò)頭了，難道有什么事？
B：我們學(xué)了一些成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
A：什么成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？
B：像drop in, go over, get out, fill up這些詞。聽(tīng)聽(tīng)下面這兩句話(huà)：Citation will run in the third race tomorrow; Mr.Lee will run in to see you tomorrow. 這兩句中都有run in，你能說(shuō)出哪一個(gè)是成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞嗎？
12．More Two-word Verbs 又一些成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
A: I hadn't finished telling you about two-word verbs, Bob.
B: Do I have to hear more? I'm not sure I can follow it.
A: Sure you can. This part is the most interesting.
B: Okay. Go ahead.
A: Well, here are sentences with two-word verbs with objects:
I can't get over
I can't get it over
I can't get over it
I can't get him over it
They all mean different things
B: Can you explain how they're different?
A: Each part or both parts of the two-word verb can have an object. The verb may have different meanings with different objects, or different arrangements of object. Is that clear? You look confused.
B: I'm not confused, I was just thinking.
Notes
Follow-understand
Get over 越過(guò)(如籬笆)
Get it over 解釋?zhuān)v清楚
Get over it 從(驚嚇、疾病)恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)
Get him over it 使他忘卻(遺憾、悲傷)
A：鮑勃，關(guān)于成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，我還沒(méi)有對(duì)你講完。
B：我還需要聽(tīng)你講嗎？我不知道是否能理解。
A：你當(dāng)然能理解。這一部分是有意思的。
B：好，說(shuō)吧。
A：嗯，下列這些句子里的成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)：
I can't get over
I can't get it over
I can't get over it
I can't get him over it
這些句子的意思都不相同。
B：你能否解釋一下怎么不同？
A：成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的每個(gè)部分或兩個(gè)部分可以有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞加上不同的賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的不同組合，就可以有不同的含意。清楚了嗎？你好像弄糊涂了。
B：我沒(méi)有糊涂。我只是在思考。
13. Speak up 大聲說(shuō)話(huà)
A: I thought I was speaking English fairly well. Now I'm not so sure.
B: What did you say?
A: I said I thought I spoke pretty good English, but people keep asking me to repeat what I've said, so maybe I'm not doing so well after all.
B: There's nothing wrong with your English. It's just that no one can hear what you're saying.
A: Is that what's wrong? But I think it's impolite to talk loudly.
B: You don't have to shout, but you do have to make yourself heard. Maybe Americans talk louder than other people. If so, you'll just have to speak louder,too.
Notes
Fairly well 挺不錯(cuò)
Is that what's wrong? 這就是問(wèn)題所在嗎？
Make yourself heard 讓別人聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)你說(shuō)的話(huà)
A：我本以為自己的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不錯(cuò)?，F(xiàn)在我又不那么有把握了。
B：你說(shuō)什么？
A：我說(shuō)我以為自己英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不錯(cuò)，但人們老是要我重復(fù)我說(shuō)過(guò)的話(huà)?；蛟S我說(shuō)的并不那么好。
B：你的英語(yǔ)沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。只是沒(méi)有人聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)你在說(shuō)什么。
A：毛病就在這里嗎？可是我覺(jué)得大聲說(shuō)話(huà)是不禮貌的。
B：你不一定要大聲喊叫，但你應(yīng)該讓別人聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)你的話(huà)。也許美國(guó)人說(shuō)話(huà)聲音比別的人要響。如果這樣，你說(shuō)話(huà)聲音也大一些就是了。
14. Learning a language 學(xué)習(xí)一種語(yǔ)言
A: To speak a language, one must know its grammar almost completely, not just its vocabulary or its sounds, not even sets of rules for constructing sentences. But one can't learn a language by studying only its grammar. If you do this, you may learn only the grammar and not the language. Instead, by memorizing how to use them, one can learn both the grammar of the language and the language.
Notes
Instead-rather
A great many-a great deal
A：為了能說(shuō)一種語(yǔ)言，一個(gè)人不僅要掌握詞匯和發(fā)音，以及一系列造句的規(guī)則，還應(yīng)對(duì)語(yǔ)法做到差不多融匯貫通。但是僅僅學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法，還不能掌握一種語(yǔ)法。如果只做到這點(diǎn)，那你學(xué)會(huì)的可能只是語(yǔ)法，而不是語(yǔ)言。相反，記住大量句子并學(xué)會(huì)使用這些句子，就能既學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)法，又學(xué)會(huì)語(yǔ)言。
15. Easy and Difficult 易學(xué)的和難學(xué)的語(yǔ)言
A: People always say that Chinese and English are very hard to learn. Sometimes I wish I were learning French or Japanese. Maybe they'd be easier.
B: Maybe, but maybe not too. It all depends on what language you already speak.
A: Why should that be? What diffrence does it make?
B: Well, languages are more or less equally difficult. Most of the things one language says must be said by every language in some way.
A: You mean I could learn Chinese easily?
B: No, because your native language is Spanish. But Italian might be easy. It has a lot of words that are similar to words in Spanish. Even the sound systems are more similar than that of Chinese is to Spanish. How difficult a language is to learn depends mostly on how much it resembles your own language.
Notes
Sound system-the total arrangement of the vocal units of a language
Resembles-is like
A：人們常說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)是很難學(xué)的。有的時(shí)候我想要是我學(xué)法語(yǔ)或日語(yǔ)就好了。也許這兩種語(yǔ)言容易些。
B：可能，不過(guò)也可能不太容易。這要看你原來(lái)是說(shuō)什么語(yǔ)言的。
A：為什么呢？這有什么關(guān)系？
B：哦，語(yǔ)言大體上都是同樣地難學(xué)。一種語(yǔ)言中所說(shuō)的絕大部分東西，在別的語(yǔ)言中差不多都有。
A：你的意思是說(shuō)我學(xué)漢語(yǔ)會(huì)很容易？
B：不，因?yàn)槟愕哪刚Z(yǔ)是西班牙語(yǔ)。所以意大利語(yǔ)可能容易些。它有很多詞同西班牙語(yǔ)相似。連它的語(yǔ)音體系也比漢語(yǔ)更接近西班牙語(yǔ)。一種語(yǔ)言是否難學(xué)，主要看它在多大程度上同自己的語(yǔ)言相近。