Ⅶ“what等引導(dǎo)的從句”作主語時(shí):
1. 大多作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致。
2.若從句是含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)、或“表語”是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可。e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么說以及怎么想,不關(guān)我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books . 他所買的是幾本書。
【就近一致原則(Proximity)】
也稱“鄰近原則”,即:謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時(shí)不一定是主語)在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。
I.在正式文體中:
1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語:"or ; either …or;nor; neither…or;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關(guān)。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都沒錯(cuò)。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責(zé)備。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯(cuò)了,他也錯(cuò)了。
2. 在倒裝句中:謂語可與后面第一個(gè)主語一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠(yuǎn)處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。
II. 非正式文體中:
有時(shí)依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(譯文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí),則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則;但語法上,“No one ”才是主語,謂語要改成“agrees”?!皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z法一致”原則。
1. 大多作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致。
2.若從句是含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)、或“表語”是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可。e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么說以及怎么想,不關(guān)我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books . 他所買的是幾本書。
【就近一致原則(Proximity)】
也稱“鄰近原則”,即:謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時(shí)不一定是主語)在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。
I.在正式文體中:
1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語:"or ; either …or;nor; neither…or;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無關(guān)。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都沒錯(cuò)。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責(zé)備。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯(cuò)了,他也錯(cuò)了。
2. 在倒裝句中:謂語可與后面第一個(gè)主語一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠(yuǎn)處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。
II. 非正式文體中:
有時(shí)依“就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。(非正式)
Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(譯文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí),則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則;但語法上,“No one ”才是主語,謂語要改成“agrees”?!皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z法一致”原則。

