很多次當我看見native speaker的美文時，都忍不住在欣賞的同時暗暗揣摩他們的構(gòu)思、文法和譴詞造句的功底，譬如J.K Rowling筆下的人物一個個都如此栩栩如生，她用詞千變?nèi)f化，引人入勝。那么，是不是我們就無法達到這樣的境界呢？答案當然是否定的拉！我曾看過一篇某高校非英語專業(yè)學生的文章，文筆和意境都讓我自嘆不如，汗。。。 所以只要下了工夫，用心鉆研，一定是會有回報的哦！我相信通過日積月累的不斷學習，大家都能用英語寫出讓老外驚羨的漂亮文章?。?BR> 我的寫作老師曾大力推薦過我現(xiàn)在所參考和使用的這本寫作書，那么就讓我們從最簡單的開始，共同學習北外前輩們的智慧成果吧：
第五期：好的句子III
4.強調(diào)
凡是重要的意思都應(yīng)該予以強調(diào)。寫文章時可以有以下幾種方式：
（1） 整句強調(diào)
文章中有的句子可能比別的句子更重要，因為它表達了更為重要的意思。下面是些強調(diào)整句的方法：
短句：前面已經(jīng)提到短句比長句更為有力，尤其是在一段的開頭、結(jié)尾或在長句之中。
不完整句：也叫單一成分句，因為只有少數(shù)幾個詞表達主要意思而起到強調(diào)的作用。
The sky was overcast. A north wind was blowing.
It threatened to rain at any moment. A gloomy day.
倒裝句：它們不同尋常的語序會吸引讀者的注意：
In rushed the noisy children.
The poet was born poor, and poor he remained all his life.
平行結(jié)構(gòu)和對稱句：例句見第二期“句子的類型”。
圓周句：它們向高潮發(fā)展的句式起到了強調(diào)的作用，例句見第二期“句子的類型”。
祈使句和感嘆句：祈使和感嘆的語氣自然使句子得到強調(diào)。
Don’t move!
How nice!
修辭問句或反問句：它們在形式上是問句，意思上卻是強調(diào)的陳述。
Didn’t I tell you that you mustn’t touch this machine?
Can anyone believe his explanation?
否定肯定陳述句：這種句子先指出不是什么，然后指出是什么，對比使之得到強調(diào)。
The delegates shouted and quarreled. It was not a meeting; it was a farce.
重復詞或短語的句子：重復加強了語氣。
Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
——Abraham Lincoln
（2） 句內(nèi)強調(diào)
句中的某個詞語或短語有時應(yīng)該得到強調(diào)，因為那是全句主要意思之所在?？梢杂卸喾N辦法做到這一點。
位置：一句的開頭和結(jié)尾，尤其是結(jié)尾，最能引起讀者的注意。重要的詞，如可能，應(yīng)放在這兩個位置。試比較：
There is a big tree, which is said to be 300 years old, in the temple.
In the temple there is a big tree, which is said to be 300years old.
There have been many great discoveries made by scientists in the 20th century.
Many great discoveries have been made by scientists in the 20th century.
In the 20th century scientists have made many great discoveries.
重復：不必要的重復并不增加任何意見，因而應(yīng)該避免。但有時在適當上下文中重復一個詞，或用不同的詞重復一個意思，也可以作為一種強調(diào)的手段。
Bright, very bright, were the stars over the wild, dark Yen’an hills.
——Anna Louise Strong
動詞和主動語態(tài)：在描寫動作時，用動詞比用表示動作的名詞要好些，因為動詞比名詞更為生動有力。比較：
At the sight of the disorderly crowed, he was aware that something bad would be possible.
The moment he saw the disorderly crowed, he knew that something bad would happen.
第二句中的三個動詞（saw，knew，happen）給人一種緊急的感覺，而第一句則缺少這種氣氛。
從屬：就是把次要的意思放在句子從屬的成分里，從而突出主要意思。下面一句話包含兩個意思：
The professor walked into the classroom and he carried a bag of books with him.
這句的并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示這兩個意思同等重要。事實上前一個應(yīng)該是主要意思，后一個則應(yīng)該是從屬的：
The professor walked into the classroom, carrying a bag of books with him.
The professor walked into the classroom with a bag of books under his arm.
The professor walked into the classroom, a bag of books under his arm.
這期的作業(yè)：
請改寫下列各句，使重點得到強調(diào)：
1.She often helps many comrades in her class to improve their pronunciation.
2.Wang Bing is modest and hardworking and is a good student.
3.The students were patiently helped by their teachers and good progress was made by them.
4.以上三句各有兩種修改方法，請大家開動腦筋想一想哦！
Today’s Recommend：
Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand… Simplify, simplify. Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary, eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.
——Henry David Thoreau
用不同的詞重復一個意思并不意味著只用同義詞，而應(yīng)在重提時加強原來的意思。
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1.She often helps many comrades to improve their pronunciation in her class. / In her class, she often helps many comrades to improve their pronunciation.
2.Wang Bing is a good student, modest and hardworking. / Modest and hardworking, Wang Bing is a good student.
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