①【常見開篇句】
1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth....
(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.)
2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A
(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)
3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...
(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)
4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. .
(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.) 5) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is...
(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)
6) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that...
7) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase /decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in...
8) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...(年份)to...( 年份)
9) The table/graph shows that there is a(n) declining/increasing trend of ...from...(年份) to...(年份)
10) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/graph can be surprised to find that...
11) It is a traditional practice to...in our society. (e.g. It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage and housing.)
12) It has long been considered only right and proper to...(in China.) (e.g. It has long been considered only right and proper/perfectly justified for the old to assume full responsibility for the growth of the young.)
13) As things usually go against sb.'s will, his original intention was to...
(e.g. As things usually go against man's will, his original intention was to change the way people lived by inventing the internal combustion engine. Indeed, its birth has greatly enhanced their enjoyment of life, especially in traveling and transporting. But its dark side is presenting a growing worry to our society.)
14) The current situation of..., if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that...
(e.g. The current situation of our reforms is political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example,...But...)
15) Everything about...seems (not) to be getting on smoothly/just as one wishes in...
(e.g. Everything about the economic reform seems to be getting on just as our government wishes in China.)
16) To sb.'s mind/In sb.'s eye(s), sth. seems/means... (e.g. In the eyes of the public, official corruption means taking bribes,. ..But such corruption comes in many different forms.) 17) No one would deny that...
或：Everyone would agree that...
(e.g. 見例2) 18) When it comes to...(sth.), most people (the public) maintain(s)/contend(s) that...
(e.g. When it comes to fake commodities, every consumer has much anger to pour upon them.)
19) Now it is widely believed that...
(e.g. Now it is widely believed that examinations are the best possible measure for the selection of the qualified.)
20) A public debate has arisen as to/over/concerning...
(e.g. A public debate has arisen as to whether one should step forward bravely in the event of crime.)
21) All that sth. has done for our society seems like a big step forward in the right/wrong direction, but it has also brought along with it a great worry /benefit to...(the average people.)
(sth.: cloning, the reform in managerial structures, etc.)
22) The birth/invention of...has made an enormous/essential difference to ...But it does not mean that...
(e.g. The birth of the computer has made a radical difference to the human progress. But it does not mean that this wonder does no threat to our society.)
23) Sth. has changed the way our society develops....But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its dark side.
(sth.: the genetic engineering, etc.)
24) Things about...are going on to our advantage, but a long cool look at ...reveals that...
(e.g. Things about the reform in state enterprises are not going on to the most workers' advantage....But a long cool look at this move reveals that it will produce some substantial benefits to our nation in a long run.)
25) No/Little doubt that...But...
(e.g.［There is］ Little doubt that the traditional schooling has contributed much to our social development....But some grave defects in it begin to stand out against the modern times.)
26) What does sth. mean? 27) How/Why does sth. affect our life? 28) What is it like to do...? (e.g. What is it like to have lost all confidence in oneself?) 29) What would our society be like if there were no...? (e.g. What would our society be like if there were no public morals?)
30) Should we put sth. above sth. else?
或：Should we attach as much weight to A as to B?
(e.g. Should we put intellectual development above moral education?) 31) Sth. is often referred to as/defined as... (e.g. Corrupt officials are often referred to as the most dangerous borers in our government bodies, who are nibbling away the healthy organism of our party by dishonest means.)
32) (Doing) Sth. is just the same as.../is compared to.../is likened to.. ./is like...
(e.g. Life in the middle of marriage is often compared to wire walking, for in the early years spouses attract each other and in late years they need each other.)
33) Sth. is to...what sth. else is to...
(e.g. An individual human existence is to the human society what a river is to the ocean, small and busy rushing past rocks at first, but gradually growing wider and quieter until it becomes merged in the ocean in the end.)
34) To/For/With most people/sb., sth. is/means...
(e.g. To dishonest people, a friend means a target or an object that is of some use to them at present or in the future.)
35) Sth. is the symbol/mark/equivalent of.../is symbolic of.../is equivalent to...
(e.g. If selling one's sex is the mark of degeneration, selling one's power is equivalent to committing crime.)
36) Suppose/Imagine that.../Let's suppose/assume/imagine (that)... (e.g. Suppose, by any chance, you heartily disagree with anything that is going on about you, you are less likely to stay on the good side of people around you.)
37) We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether...
(e.g. We often find ourselves caught in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin/whether to reach for...)
38) If/In case/In the event that..., it is better to.../a better course is to.../sb. has no choice/option/alternative but to.../all we want to know is ho w...
(e.g. In the event that you fall in a love river, all we want to know is how you will swim in it, as you are no longer a fisherman.)
39) Unfortunately, sth. may affect sb.'s life to the point where...
(e.g. Unfortunately, the desire to be well thought of affects one's life to the point where he is reluctant to say no to anyone else regarding anything.)
40) In our life, there often appears such an occasion when.../on which... (或it often happens that...)
(e.g. In our daily life, there appears such an occasion when we drink success to our work in one field but, at the same time, begin to do great damage to other fields.)
41) “...” That is how one of the great minds/scientists/writers remarked on...
(e.g. “Happiness, like an old friend, is inclined to drop in unexpectedly— when you're working hard on something else.” That is how a famous writer once remarked on happiness.)
42) One of the great sociologists/psychologists has said:“...”
(e.g. The great classical ballerina Anna Pavlova has said: “No one can arrive from being talented alone. God gives talent; work transforms talent into genius.” In other words ...)
43) “...” Such is the accurate exposition/exposure of...frequently over heard in public.
(e.g. “Public morals are declining day by day.” Such is the correct exposure of the dark side of our society.)
44) How often nowadays we hear such remarks/complaints/words as this “...” or “...”!
(e.g. How often nowadays we hear such complaints from officials as this “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have to bear too many titles for our society”! Don't be misled by the complaints of this kind!)
45) One of the great men once said that...
(e.g. A gifted American psychologist once said that it is an illusion to believe in the Sunday-school truth—more comfort, more happiness.)
46) Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon the report that... (e.g. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon the news that a quick witted policeman spotted a suspect's spittle in the street blotted it up and ran a DNA test on it which led to the man's arrest for a murder. This case best counts as a practical application of the DNA technique.)
47) One day, I happened to witness the incident as follows:...
(e.g. 略) 3) According to the recent survey/poll/questionaire/statistics, there is/a re...percent of...
(e.g. According to a recent survey made in a certain university, there are 43.8 percent of male students and 38.3 percent of female students either facing problems with nutrition or having to miss classes because of illness each term.)
48) The scientific studies/statistics show/indicate that...
(e.g. The latest scientific studies show that, if one's mind catches hold of something and does not let it go, it is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. This finding further confirms that a modern man is apt to get anxious and depressed.)
49) Every weekend sees sb. go about...
(e.g. Every weekend sees Ms Song, my roommate, wolf down her dinner and hurry out with her boy friend.)
②【常見段首句】
1) According to/In the opinion(eye) of/From the viewpoint of some (those) people, the issue in question is...
(e.g. In the opinion of some old people, traditional modes of thought are the touchstone by which to tell good from bad.)
2) Hit (Confronted/Faced/Seized/Stuck/Haunted/Cursed/Overcome/Infatuated) with..., some people tend to...
(e.g. Haunted with sad memories, some people are apt to take a gloomy view on life.)
3) In (the) event (face/case/course/time/view) of..., some people usually ...
(e.g. In the course of human struggle for survival, quite a few people always direct their eyes to its dark side.)
4) As is stated (shown/suggested/listed/illustrated) in.../According to a recent (the latest) report (survey/quetionaire/study/scientific research), the issue in question really...(there are quite a lot of people who...)
(e.g. As is shown in a recent questionaire, there are a large number of people who express greater dissatisfaction than satisfaction at the general mood of society.)
5) In our daily life (activities/social contact)/In reality/Actually, man y people respond/react to the issue in question by...
(e.g. In reality, most people respond to evil-doing by avoiding it whenever possible.)
6) A good case in point is (can be best provided by) that of... (e.g. A good case in point is that of a businessman who makes money by fair means or foul.
7) Just consider/think of the matter/case of...
(e.g. Just consider the matter of raising flowers that are delicate and sensitive to watering.)
8) In the course of..., for example, there is/are...
(e.g. In the course of coping with worries in life, for example, there is an art to what way you take.)[HJ*4/7]
9) Take...for example(或Take, for example,...)A (e.g. Take foot racing (for example), it is a sport in which endurance and strong finish is often more important.)
10) As a(n) example (of...)/illustration (of...)/case in point, let's take/see/consider/follow/cite...
11) Awareness of the matter in question is one thing/only the beginning( 或 the first step), but more important to us is the step/the question of how to (cope with/do with it)...
(e.g. Awareness of the harmfulness of superstition is only the first step, but more important to our nation is the step of how to clear it out of our society.)
12) There is no easy (perfect/universal/two-bird-one-stone/happiest) method (short-cut/solution/remedy/way) at hand, but...can put us on the right way (in the correct direction) to our final goal/destination (...are/is worth trying out in our work.)
(e.g. There is no easy short-cut to removal of superstition, but the following measures/suggestions can put our determination in the right direction.)
13) There is no better/sounder time to take steps/measures/action than right now, for no chance will be greater than the one we are offered.
(e.g. 略)
14) It is obvious (evident/clear/no surprising/high time/hoped/suggested), therefore, that all-out (constant/great/cooperative/further/genuine/substantial/considerable/persistent) efforts should be made (exerted/used/bent/put forth) to ...(或should be directed to.../focused on...)
(e.g. It is evident, therefore, that constant efforts should be directed to the ecological balance.)
15) Therefore/Obviously/No doubt/Clearly, to...is not a(n) goal/aim to achieve in one step/move/go(或is no easy job/task), and to achieve in one stp/move/ go(或is no easy job/task), and it requires/involves/entails special/proper/all possible means/efforts/measures/remedies.
(e.g. Therefore, to eradicate this inherent weakness from our society is not a goal to reach in one move, and it requires special efforts.)
16) When/If asked to...I would like to.../would rather (not).../will do as follows.
(e.g. If asked to find the way out of the danger these depraved practices have created, I would rather live a simple life than go along with any others in their evil deeds.)
17) To...I might as well cite my own experience.
(e.g. To draw out of others more valuable opinions upon the problem, I might as well cite my own experience.)
18) If I were thrown/put/involved in (to) the context/background/situation/the state of making my choice, I would...
(e.g. If I were thrown into the freedom to make my choice among the styles of surviving, I would live like this:...)
19) Faced with/Hit with...I resolve/propose to...
(e.g. Faced with the challenge from the future life, I resolve firmly to perfect myself in the aspects as follows.)
20) As far as I am concerned, I will/have/would...(e.g. 略)
21) If sth. is allowed to take its course, it will be sure/bound to bring about/leave/entail desired (unexpected/grave/immediate/reverse/disastrous/far-re aching) effects/consequences/influences.(e.g. 略)
22) There are sure/believed/supposed to be some good/bad/beneficial/harmful effects/consequences/influences.(e.g. 略)
23) Come what may, it has given rise to several adverse/wholesome effects.(e.g. 略)
24) What merits our special/increasing attention/concern, therefore, is a number of effects/influences sth. has produced/exerted.
(e.g. What merits our primary concern, therefore, is a variety of effects the bad practices in our Party have produced.)
25) The influence/effect/consequence of...has not been confined/limited to...(It also...)(e.g. The influence of our outlook on life has not been confined to any particular aspect of social life. Instead, it has left its mark on every facet of our society.)
26) From the analyses of causes for...it is not hard for one to arrive at/come to/reach/draw/assert/deduce/confirm the conclusion that...(或...to distinguish/see the direction in which...)
(e.g. From the analyses of causes for divorces, it is not hard for us to draw the conclusion that the divorce rates will go up steadily under the current circumstances.)
27) If one continues to cast an indifferent eye on/to turn a deaf ear to/ to be blind to/to overlook the problem, things are sure to go from bad to worse.
或：If one is in real earnest in giving all his attention/concern to the problem/matter, things are bound to go from good to better/from bad to good. A
(e.g. If the governments at all levels are in earnest in giving their special concern to the problem of unemployment, things are more than likely to go from bad to good.)
28) Thus it can be seen from the above that (doing) sth. means much/a great deal/lots more than itself.
(e.g. Thus it can be seen that nourishing honesty in government bodies means much more than itself.)
29) The significance of (doing) sth. is embodied/reflected in the following respects.
(e.g. 略)
30) Obviously/Evidently/Clearly/No doubt, sth. will contribute much to... (will add life/color/variety/new meanings/vigor to...)
(e.g. Clearly, the afforestation drive will contribute much to our living environment.)
31) Of the two things in question, I prefer/favor/give more weight to/endorse the first (second)/the former (latter).(e.g. 略)
32) If it is up to me to make a choice (between both), I would rather choose...over...
(e.g. If it were up to me to make a choice between both in the event of betrayal of one's country, I would rather choose death over life.)
33) Since neither of the two things can be perfect in.../work effectively / come up to...(the required standard), the best/only/ideal course open to sb. is to...
(e.g. Since neither of the two measures can be perfect in the solution to the problem of cheating in exams, the best course open to us is to combine the two measures with other possible solutions.)
34) In view of the fact that there are obvious/serious drawbacks/weakness e s in either of the things in question, I advocate/endorse...(或insist/maintain/h old that...)
(e.g. In view of the fact that there are serious drawbacks in either of the suggestions, I insist that full play should be given to each other's advantages for our purpose.)
35) As seen from the above comparison, the first (second) thing is prefer able/more favorable (desirable) (或the first/second thing has more to recommend it), but it should suck advantage out of the other for the sake of perfection.
(e.g. 略) 36) From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely/reasonably conclude that...
(e.g. ...that travelling by car can offer him a greater privilege (chance) of getting to know natural conditions and social customs of places on his way.)
37) When the advantages and disadvantages (the pros and cons of both are weighed in terms of...(on the basis of.../in the light of...), don't you think/agree that...(agree to/favor...)?
(e.g. When...in terms of actual results, don't you agree that the latter is a better way of learning?)
38) Therefore/In conclusion/To sum up, it is because of the unique/substantial/manifold advantages/superiority offered/held by...that...
(e.g. In brief, it is because of the substantial advantages held by the perfection of supervision that the public places high hopes on it.)
39) As things stand, in fact/substance, nothing can be compared with B in ...although...
(e.g. it is not without defects.)
(e.g. As things stand, in fact, nothing can be compared with the crackdown o f corrupt officials in arousing the enthusiasm of the masses, although it is not without defects.)
40) True/Admittedly/Indeed, there are still imperfections in B, but its strong/bright side is what one needs badly.(e.g. 略)
41) The most pressing question/task/problem/issue/matter for us to tackle , in my opinion/in fact, is...(e.g. The most pressing task for us to tackle, in my opinion, is to find new ways of making best of water resources now available.)
42) Our efforts/concern/attention/interest should be directed to...
(e.g. Our efforts should be directed to what should be done to reverse the t rend.)
43) What we really/badly need now is...
(e.g. What we really need now is to accept any suggestion conducive to the solution of the problem.)
44) It is high time (that)...
(e.g. It is high time that we made our minds open to new, different ideas about it and that we started to take some practical measures so as not to leave it to continue its course until it runs wide.)
45) Then/On the basis of the above refutation, how/what...(next)?
(e.g. ...how to lift ourselves out of the passive situation?...how to repair the damage man has done to the environment?...what can be done about the present trend of blind faith in things foreign.)
46) So, I feel strongly that...
(e.g. So, I feel strongly that the recent trend of superstition reflects a credibility crisis hanging over the country.)
47) In my opinion/To my mind, nothing is more...than...
(e.g. To my mind, nothing is more important than the need to know right from wrong.)
48) If our first reaction to this wrong thinking/practice is just a retort on it, our true/ultimate goal is...
(e.g. ...is to make/put right such illusion/practice.)
49) Nowhere in history has the problem/issue/illusion/trend been so...that...
(e.g. ...so critical/hindersome that there is a growing awareness of the urge/necessity to abandon the belief that man can always conquer nature.)
50) Now (that)/Since...the focus of our concern/argument should be switched over to...
(e.g. Now that the issue is too obvious to need further refutation, the focus of our argument should be switched over to intensifying the concept of water shortage among the people.)
51) I am of the opinion/point/view that... (e.g. I am of the view that China's future is bright but the road to success is not smooth.) 52) To my mind/From my point of view/In my opinion, whether...or...depend s on how...
(e.g. To my mind, whether money may bring us happiness or evils depends on how we get it and how we use it.)
53) Anyway/Anyhow/In any case, whether...or...is a difficult question to answer (remains to be turned over), one thing is certain that...
(e.g. In any case, whether cloning is a blessing or a curse remains to be turned over; but one thing is certain that it will make a great difference to our outlook on life.)
54) In my eye(s), the wide divergence of opinions as to...does not mean that...(we are at a loss to know how to conduct ourselves). The truth of the matte r (The basic question) is...
(e.g. In my eyes, the wide divergence of opinions as to failure does not mean that...The truth of the matter is what place we leave it to hold (occupy) in our heart.)
55) I can't give my consent to either of the extreme opinions, for/because/as I believe/hold that...
(e.g. ...for I hold that a safer way is to make best of each other's rat ional arguments.) 56) I am of the view/opinion/point that we should give first place (priority) to...while making...subsidiary.
(e.g. I am of the view that we should give first place to the quality-oriented education while making the examination-oriented education subsidiary.) 57) In my opinion, the former (latter) standpoint is more. .to/for...
(e.g. In my opinion, the former standpoint is more suitable for our national conditions.)
58) Although the first (second) viewpoint holds water to some degree (extent), I am still favorably inclined towards the second (first) one.
(e.g. 略)
59) To be frank/To tell the truth, I should second the former (latter) attitude/position in preference to the latter (former).
60) Despite the extreme to which the former (latter) viewpoint goes, the fact of the matter, in my opinion, is that...
(e.g. ...the fact of the matter, in my opinion, is that more and more people are doing their bit in brightening China's future.)
61) For the foregoing reasons, I (have/will) never...
(e.g. For the foregoing reasons, I have never wavered in my pursuit of this purpose.)
62) Although...nothing has...can...(或I have/will all along...)A
(e.g. Although these years have witnessed drastic changes in the way people think and live, I have all along held firmly to the belief that anything in line with the true interests of the people is worth carrying forward.)
63) Things may change with tidal currents, but what remains the same as before is...
(e.g. ...is my attachment to sb./sth.)
64) In my mind, there is not anything/anybody that/who...than...
(e.g. In my mind, there is not anything that arouses more excitement than this sport/event/place.)
65) Indeed, time and space has proved (that)...
(e.g. Indeed, time and space has proved that, the more effort I make in that direction, the more hungry I feel for it.)
66) My list could go on, but more important/substantial/pressing to me is (that)...
(e.g. ...is what steps I should take towards the realization of my aim.)
67) To..., however, is/requires/demands...
(e.g. To be a successful learner, however, demands a great deal of work.)
68) But in reality, the expression of one' reasons in one thing while the accomplishment of his purpose is another thing, which usually needs/is/requires...(So,...)
(e.g. ..., which usually needs a greater effort of will.)
69) To me, however, the greatest challenge is not the matter/question of...but (the matter/question) of...
(e.g. To me, however, the greatest concern/challenge is not the matter of the grounds for my aspiration, but of capacities to be increased for making it a reality.)
70) Since/Now (that)..., what remains to be done/desired is...
(e.g. Since the factors for my choice are in black and white, what remains to be desired is how to strive towards it.) 71) Another (good/ideal) case in point is that of... (e.g. Another ideal case in point is that of rowing against current.)
72) To the already well-known/familiar examples/cases of..., another may/can be added:...
(e.g. ...of things turning out contrary to one's wishes, another can be added: A great invention in medicine leads to a sharp increase in the average span of human life. But on the other hand, it turns out to overburden the food supply of the world.)
73) As another illustration/example, let's take/see (the case of)...
(e.g. As another illustration, let's see the case of swimming in an ocean.)
74) A very similar case/example/story can be cited/told from...
(e.g. ...from the modern military history of China.)
75) Perhaps it will suffice to mention another example/case/story of..., which unfolds as follows:...
(e.g. ...of an unbridgeable gap between ideal and reality, which unfolds as follows: A woman was speaking to her friend about her two beaus. “If I could combine their qualities, I'd be the happiest person in the world. Ronald is rich, handsome and witty but unwilling to propose marriage to me. Tony, compared with t he first, is outshone but he is eager to marry me.”)
76) It is only by/through...that... (e.g. It is only by adapting oneself to a new environment that he is more likely than others to survive in it.)
77) From the exemplifications above, it turns out that... (e.g. From the exemplifications above, it turns out that the power of determined will enables one to find some way out of any difficulty.)
78) As the foregoing turns out, it matters not...but... (e.g. As the foregoing turns out, it matters not what color your cat is but once it catches mice, it must never be one of the bad.)
79) Indeed, the evidence upon all sides justifies/confirms/supports/points to/is in favor of the truth/view/maxim that...
(e.g. ...that failure teaches success.)
80) Judging from all evidence offered/From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably/safely arrive at/come to/reach/draw/deduce/assert the conclusion that...
(e.g. ...that a just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little.)
81) If there is anything more/well worthy of mention/consideration/attention/careful study, nothing comes close to...
(e.g. 略)
82) To make the better (clearer/easier) best (clearest/easiest), a further/deeper/wiser step/way/study/method/measure/plan is/should be...
(e.g. To make the clearer clearest, a further study should be taken up of how the phenomenon “La Ni a” came into being.)
83) If you are.../want to..., it is vital/ideal/important/essential that...(e.g. If you are more at home in associating one thing with others, it is vital that you take full advantage of the divergent thinking.)
84) The most important/essential/substantial/critical thing/matter worth pointing out, however, is...
(e.g. ...is what structure of knowledge a would-be achiever has in the future competition.)
85) Following/Abiding by the above instructions/advice/directions/rules can...but you will achieve/gain/do better/more if you...
(e.g. Following the above instruction can give you a feeling of achievement, but you will achieve more if you have a good command of its specific property.)
86) The comparison/contrast that calls for deepest thought lies/consists in...
(e.g. ...in social values that convey different senses to the two peoples.)
87) The most striking/sharpest/shocking/instructive contrast between A and B can be found in...
(e.g. ...in the way both see the world.)
88) If standing in contrast to..., the thing/matter/person (of one's concern) differs essentially/greatly/radically/profoundly from the reference in...
(e.g. ...in the mode of reproduction/living.)
89) The effect of comparison/contrast between both is heightened most by the difference in...
(e.g. ...in size/intelligence/principles/values/outlook on life/abilities to adapt to new environments.)
90) Still under/in similar/the same circumstances/conditions/situations, however, the two things can turn out quite/most differently(或A turns out to be radically/utterly/totally different from B).(e.g. 略)
91) But in the other culture/atmosphere/society/scope/field, by contrast, the thing(s)/person(s)/subject(s) grow(s)/develop(s)/turn(s) out/act(s) in the opposite/contrary directions.(或a(n) completely/entirely/qualitatively/vastly/strikingly different result comes of/from the same thing/action/practice/event.)
(e.g. But in the western societies, by contrast, an entirely different result/effect comes of the same thing.)
92) Of all the differences between A and B, the greatest one is...
(e.g. Of all the differences between science and pseudoscience, the greatest one is their truthfulness. Science originates in nature or from practice while pseudoscience is created/invented out of nothing or without foundation.) 93) A study of.../A cold look at/into...may be the best/sound way to learn more about the difference/contrast between A and B.A
(e.g. A study of attitudes towards money may be the sound way to learn more about the contrast between a noble-minded person and a person with vulgar interests.)
94) Against the same/different background(s), however, what stands out most between the two things/from he same thing is...
(e.g. Against the same background, however, what stands out between the two peoples is the angles/perspectives from which they see things.)
95) Between the two things/subjects/people under comparison, nothing can bring out/present as great/sharp/poignant contrast as...
(e.g. ...as poignant contrast as the occasion when both run into danger.)
96) As far as...is/are concerned, sth. in question means/signifies/symbolizes...
(e.g. As far as a person of bad taste is concerned, life means seeking for physical incentives, of which money is usually counted as No. One.)
97) If adopted/used to define/measure/weigh/judge..., sth. in question is often seen/valued/looked upon/thought of/referred to/cherished as.../is embodied (reflected) in.../lies (consists) in...
(e.g. If adopted to weigh the college student, beauty is embodied in his or her comprehensive qualities.)
98) With/For/To..., sth. in question is just the same as.../is as...as... /is like.../is...
(e.g. With some of the upstarts, luxurious living is just as essential as parading their success.)
99) In the case of..., sth. stands for/refers to/means...
(e.g. In the case of the Me-generation, friendship stands for an obedient tool on hand.)
100) What is the meaning/interpretation/connotation of...if it is limited /restricted to the field/scope/circle/group of...?
(e.g. What is the meaning of loyalty if it is restricted to the circle of pure scientists?)
③【常見段首句和過渡句】
1) Some (people) argue/claim/believe/hold that... But others set (put) forth a different argument about/oppositive views on the matter in question.
(e.g. Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating the Spring Festival. ...But others put forth opposite views on the problem. )
2) Some (people) advocate/endorse/favor/are for (或oppose/object to/are against)... Yet others stick to/hold on to/cling to the opposite views/argument/points.
(e.g. Some advocate changes intended to modernize the building code. ...Yet others hold on to the opposite views.)
3) To some people's mind/From some people's point of view/In the eye(s) o f some people, the matter in question is/seems/should be/means...But to others' mind/from others' point of view/in others' eyes, it is just/quite the other way around/contrary/opposite(或the opposite/reverse is the case/true.)
(e.g. To some people's mind, reading should be done in a selective way. ...But to others', it is just the other way around.)
4) Some (people) respond/react to...by...But others behave/act in the other direction/in the opposite way.
(e.g. Some people respond to failure by remaining inactive or avoiding it...But others behave in the opposite way.)
5) Some take the view that...And/But on the other hand, others argue for the opposite view that...
(e.g. Some are of the view that institutions mould characters. ...And on the other hand, others argue for the opposite view that characters transform institutions.)
④【常見讓步法段首句和過渡句】
1) It is true/There is no need to deny that...But it does not mean... (e.g. There is no need to deny that recreational services have added variety to our social life. ...But it does not mean leaving them to take their own courses.)
2) Although it is widely believed that..., it can not stand close/cold scrutiny/analysis/examination.
3) Admittedly/True/Obviously/Indeed, the issue in question. ... But one basic/vital fact is being left out of our analysis/consideration, namely/that is,... (e.g. Admittedly, the official figures and statistics show that much improvement has been made in people's living standards. ... But one vital fact is being left out of our analysis, namely a growing gap between the rich and the poor. )
4) Those in favor of the issue in question argue/contend/hold/maintain/claim that...But what they fail to consider/analyze/see/find out is that...
(e.g. Those in favor of euthanasia contend that its practice can benefit both the patient and his family. ...But what they fail to consider is that euthanasia may be taken advantage of for some evil or hidden purposes.)
5) Superficially/On the surface/At first glance(thought)/In appearance, the issue in question seems...But in fact(on second thoughts/on close examination/in substance),...
(e.g. At first glance, the western-type democracy seems superior to any other types. ...But on second thoughts, it does not entitle every citizen of the same nation to the equal freedom to act.)
⑤【常見過渡句】
1) To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage, it is necessary/important to...(可用于分析建議類、原因分析類等議論文)
2) In the face of...some people take the position that.../some people come to believe that..., to which I can't attach/add my consent.(可用于批駁分析類議論文)
或：In the face of...people retain/take/show/assume different attitudes/position s/standpoints.(可用于各抒己見類議論文)
或：In the face of...many people have come up with...(可用于對比分析類議論文和知識性說明文等)
3) But many people feel puzzled about/perplexed at/over whelmed with...(the changes/situation), so this essay is intended to...(可用于批駁分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
4) Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend, I still set my heart on...(可用于理由陳述類議論文)
5) To get a sense of how...we must turn first to causes for it/to what benefit (harm/problems/difference) it has brought to our society.(可用于分析建議和原因分析類議論文)
6) This is a (n) favorable/unfavorable/unhealthy/essential/marked/grateful change/tendency/situation, but factors/causes/reasons for it are not hard to find(或but its appearance/existence derives from a variety of factors). (用于原因分析類議論文)
7) The progress/improvement/change(s) in...is(are) really tremendous/remarkable/prodigious/marvelous, so it is necessary to understand (see) what it (they) illustrate (s)/prove(s)/account(s) for.(用于原因分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
8) A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about...(可用于對比說明文)
9) More insight/inspiration/truth/thought can be deduced from these changes.(可用于知識性說明文)
10) This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather distressing/disturb ing/depressing/heart-rending, for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.(可用于分析建議、批駁分析和原因分析等議論文)
12) This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found out to...(可用于分析建議、對比分析、批駁分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
13) Fortunately, however, more and more people come/begin to realize that ...(可用于分析建議、對比分析和各抒己見類議論文)
14) Unfortunately, things have worsened/come/developed to the point where ...(用于分析建議、原因分析、批駁分析、各抒己見類議論文和知識性說明文)
15) But have you ever stopped to think what/how/why...?(可用于除理由陳述之外的各種議論文和知識性說明文) 16) If we take a further/colder/closer look at this problem/matter, however, more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for...
(e.g. ...putting it right/taking action against it/improving it) (可用于分析 建議、對比分析、原因分析等議論文和知識性說明文)
17) But this (dis)agreement ceases to exist as soon as...(用于各抒己見、批駁分析、對比分析等議論文和對比說明文)
18) A further/deeper analysis/study/exposure of.../A further comparison between...can reveal more about.../can show us more ways to...(how to...)可用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析、批駁分析等議論文和對比說明文及知識性說明文)
19) If you push the analysis/study/argument/comparison/exposure further, you will see that...(用于分析建議、對比分析、批駁分析、各抒己見類議論文和對比說明文及知識性說明文)
20) The same is true of many cases in life.(用于舉例說明文)
21) Now, let's see what would happen to...in this case/light(或in different conditions/circumstances).(用于分析建議類議論文和對比說明文)
22) Perhaps, it is ideal/high/ripe time for us to tackle/handle/answer/take up the question in no half-hearted manner.(用于分析建議、原因分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
23) To be frank, I have turned the question over and over in my mind, but found no reason to sidestep it; so here are my ways to.../my reasons for...(用于理由陳述類議論文和知識性說明文)
24) I was once cursed/perplexed/seized with this question, but I have forged/made my own way out of it.(用于知識性說明文)
25) People from different backgrounds, however, put different interpretations on the same thing.(用于各抒己見類議論文和展開式界說性說明文)
26) But different people hold completely different views as to its nature.(用于各抒己見類議論文和界說性說明文)
27) If/When adopted to account for/define/expose..., it can come in different meanings.(用于具體定義說明文)
28) If it is intended for..., however, the divergence of outlook on it ceases to continue while a new meaning to it begins to stand out.(用于歸納性定義說明文)
29) Our life abounds with examples in point.(或The truth in the definition goes for/is applicable to many cases in our life.)(用于舉例說明文)
30) In that case, however, I prefer to...rather than...(用于理由陳述、比較分析、批駁分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
31) (Un)Fortunately, there are still some people who act in the other way around.(用于分析建議和原因分析類議論文)
32) Once/If hit/cursed/overwhelmed with such troubles/straits/matters, you'd better/I would (not) do something about them to find your/my way out.(用于知識性說明文)
33) I was once caught/stuck in the same situation/context, but I managed to lift myself out of it.(用于知識性說明文)
34) When exposed to/subject to the same conditions/challenge/choice, however, different people tend to behave in different ways.(用于各抒己見類議論文)
35) If this is true/the case, what accounts for such an issue:...(如：perversion of justice for bribes 貪贓枉法)?(用于分析建議和原因分析等議論文)
36) If that remark still holds water now, the situation (trend/phenomenon) in question should make us ponder about what harm/benefit/influence it will bring to us/about how it will affect our society.(用于分析建議篇)
37) (In other words,...) But echoes of his view/voice(對他觀點的附和聲) die away as to w-questions.(用于各抒己見類議論文)
38) His view is voiced by more and more people, but finds no echo in my heart.(用于批駁分析類議論文)
39) His voice arouses echoes among people of insight, who have come up with some practical measures.(用于對比分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
40) His/Her case is not unique, and now more and more...(But...)(用于各種議論文和知識性、對比性說明文) 41) His/Her story is not unusual/rare, it is typical of thousands of people who are following his/her lead, so some people have abundant reason to ask how this came into being/how this will affect our future life/what measures should be taken to cope with it.(用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析、批駁分析類議論文和知 識性說明文)
42) The results of this survey/questionaire have aroused/drawn nationwide / public attention/concern, which is why some great efforts are being made by our government/society.(用于分析各抒己見類議論文和舉例、知識性說明文)
43) Such a dilemma/problem/condition we often run into in our life, but the basic question is how to cope with it/but all we need to do is how to approach it.(用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析等類議論文和知識性說明文)
44) What this survey reveals is cold and hard, so the top priority task f or us to set about is to...(用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析等議論文和知識性說明 文)
45) This case has aroused echoes throughout the country, with more and mo r e people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely/is there anything serious it has reflected?(用于分析類議論文和各抒己見類議論文)
46) Most people have realized the seriousness/potential of what this survey exposes, but...(用于分析類議論文)
47) With/For different people/things, however, sth. is open to different interpretations/tastes/connotations. A
(e.g. With the people from different family backgrounds, however, devotion is open to many interpretations.)
48) When adopted to define different things/people, sth. comes in a variety of flavors/tastes/meanings/values/senses. A
(e.g. When/If adopted to describe the people with different intentions, life often comes in various senses.)
49) Sth. may be/bear/convey many meanings/values/hints to many/different people/things, but, in all senses/the broadest sense/a real sense, it is/means...A
(e.g. Happiness may convey many hints to many families, but, in every sense, it means making more contribution than demand in a family.)
50) On the whole/As a whole/All in all/In substance (essence), however, the diverse/different/various meanings/interpretations/concepts/definitions of sth. originate (stem/come) from/can be boiled (narrowed/condensed) down to/can be traced back to one core (the same core)/one source (the same source) one connotation (the same connotation):...
(e.g. On the whole, however, the diverse meanings of success to the people above can be boiled down to one connotation: Success is a realization of one's ideal.)
51) Whether the definition/interpretation of sth. is constant or mutable, however, depends on what backgrounds it is in. A
(e.g. Whether the definition of beauty is constant or mutable, however, depends much on what backgrounds it is put against.)
⑥【常見中心意思句】
1) From sth./what one has done, he can derive profits (will well deserve punishments) as follows.
(e.g. From his great inventions in many fields, man has well deserved punishments as follows.)
2) Sth., if made the best/the worst of, will bring some distinct advantages/disadvantages to our social development/one's growth.
(e.g. Stock markets, if made the best of, will bring some advantages to our social construction.)
3) Sth. is expected to do a lot of benefit/threat/harm to sb./sth. else. (e.g. Cloning, as a new-born thing, is expected to do a lot of benefit to the human progress.)
4) (Doing) sth. will enrich/endanger/influence one's life in more than one aspect.
(e.g. Having one's head in the clouds sometimes can enrich a good teacher's teaching in more than one aspect.)
5) Some good/bad/unexpected effects come of what we have done/sth. done in...(e.g. Some good effects will certainly come of the efforts we have mad e in birth control.)
6) There are several reasons/causes/factors for the changes/increase/decline/growth in...(First,...Second...)
(e.g. There are probably a variety of reasons for the drastic changes in people's moral concepts.)
7) The reasons/causes/factors for sth. are complex/varied/profound. (Some attribute it...Others put it down to...Still others owe it to...)
(e.g. The causes for the prevalence of living together are varied and complex.)
8) The success/failure/change/increase/decline(in sth.) mainly/largely stems/derives/results from the factors as follows.(One lies in...Another is found in...Still another consists in...)
(e.g. The rise in China's economy mainly derives from a number of factors/the factors as follows.)
9) Why has/did/is...? (For one thing/...For another...Perhaps the most fundamental/adequate/competent reason is...)
(e.g. Why is there a growing drift toward power-seeking in society?) 10) It is no easy/simple task/job to furnish/identify/find every reason / cause for sth., but/while, on the whole, three/some factors shout louder/weigh heavier than others/stand out from others.
(e.g. It is no easy job to find every reason for the increase in the number of teenagers who run away from their homes, but, on the whole, two factors shout louder than others.)
11) In view of this situation/drift/boom/social disorder/drastic change, people put forward/advance/suggest/propose two countermoves/countermeasures:...
(e.g. In view of this population boom in large cities, people have come up with two countermeasures: dispersal of city population and development of an underground city.)
12) From the suggested solutions (to...)/measures (against...)/plans (for . ..)/moves (toward...)/ideas (on...), two have begun to stand/stick out, namely.. .(e.g. 略)
13) There are believed/expected/supposed to be two effective measures/practical schemes/workable ideas/sound solutions, one of which is...
(e.g. There are believed to two workable ideas on prevention of teenage pregnancy, one of which is the sex education of teenagers.)
14) To promote/suppress/cultivate/popularize/curb/enhance/root up the thing in question, the public attention/more stress/emphasis is placed/put/focused upon two proposals/moves/measures/solutions:...
(e.g. To root up the prostitution in our society, the public attention is focused on two solutions: a permanent ban against unhealthy recreations and a long -term moral education.)
15) When it comes to the comparison between A and B, each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
(e.g. When it comes to the comparison between travelling by car and travelling by train, each has advantages and disadvantages of its own.)
16) Ideas/Views on the issue in question vary from person to person/vary widely. A
(e.g. Ideas on the way of reading vary from person to person.
17) As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different views/positions/attitudes/stands(或people's attitudes are quite opposite to each other.).A
(e.g. As to whether birth of various associations on campus is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different stands.)
18) People's views, however, are divergent on the matter in question. A
或：People are divided in opinion/outlook/view on the matter in question. A
(e.g. People's views, however, are divergent on the newborn thing.)
19) People respond/react to...in the manners/ways opposite to each other.
A(e.g. People respond to the stress in the manners opposite to each other.)
20) Although people arrive at/reach/achieve the common understanding of sth., their views/ideas about its influence/future/impact (on our life) are at opposite poles. A
(e.g. Although people have arrived at the common understanding of China's achievement, their views about her future are at opposite poles.)
21) There are several/a number of reasons/factors for my choice/pursuit ( o f...)/fondness (for...)/adaptability (to...)/concentration (on...)/advocacy (of. ..)/belief (in...) (或my seeking/choosing to do sth.)
(e.g. There are several reasons for my fondness for the sports.)
22) Among the factors that contribute to my achievement/choice/struggle/. .., three/a few shout louder/weigh more heavily/stand out.
(e.g. Among the factors that contribute to my success in studies, three shout louder.)
23) The reasons/factors/causes for my love (of...)/interest (in...)/determination (to do sth.)/objection (to sth.)/...are varied and individual.
(e.g. The reasons for my pursuit of the career are varied but individual.)
24) A variety of/Quite a few factors have led me to do sth.
(e.g. Quite a few factors have led me to form the habit of collecting stamps .)
25) My outlook (on...)/choice (of...)/participation (in...)/devotion (to...) stems from/derives from/results from some/several chief factors.
(e.g. My pleasant memory of my Chinese teacher stems from several chief fact ors.) 26) Our life/history/society abounds with/is rich in/is full of typical examples/illustrations.(e.g. 略) 27) Cases illustrative of this definition/truth/theory/principle/mechanism /saying/proverb are not rare/are too numerous to mention one by one/can be found everywhere in our life/society.
(e.g. Cases illustrative of the saying—facts speak louder than words—are too numerous to mention one by one.)
28) To illstrate the theory in question, we can cite many examples.( e.g. 略)
29) According to my observation/knowledge, many examples from our real life can serve/be used (employed/cited) as good evidence for the definition in question.(e.g. 略)
30) This truth/principle/motto/popular saying/way of coping with sth. is/ h olds true for/goes for/can be applied to many/various matters/cases in our actual life.
(e.g. The above theory can be applied to a variety of cases in our daily life.)
31) There are some/several/a few steps (measures/ways/methods/tricks/less o ns) you/a would-be beginner can follow (take/try/use/learn) to achieve your (his /her) goal/to realize your/his dreams/to the best advantage.
(e.g. There are some clever tricks a would-be relaxer can learn to keep himself free of worry or stress.)
32) When/If sth. in question/you...it is better/advisable/necessary/essential (for you) to follow the instructions/courses/steps/schemes/ways as given/described below.
(e.g. If your trouble builds up to the point where you can not put up with it, it is advisable for you to follow the instructions as given below.)
33) To do sth., one/you'd better (not) go by/act upon/comply with some concrete/practical/sound/effective rules/regulations/orders/procedures/courses.
(e.g. To break with the bad habits like smoking, you'd better go by some effective instructions.)
34) For anyone/those who..., here are the best ways to...
(e.g. For those who are anxious to make friends with the opposite sex, here are the best ways to remove all their anxiety.)
35) What/How/Why...then?
(e.g. How does this small association develop into a nationwide organization ?)
36) If/When placed together to undergo a close/careful/sound/rational/all -sided comparison, they/the two subjects (parties) can reveal/show/manifest/display their resemblance/difference in...(some aspects)(e.g. 略) 37) Just as one can distinguish only by comparing(或Just as there can be n o differentiation without contrast), it is necessary/better/worthwhile to see/find out what will come of the contrast/comparison between A and B.
(e.g. ...it is worthwhile to find out what comes of the contrast between the Western culture and the Eastern culture.)
38) In/Under/On different/similar situations/conditions/circumstances, how ever, the meanings/connotations/inspirations/lessons/doctrines/experiences/value s/implications/hints derived from (gained in) the same (different) thing(s) are similar/contrary/opposite to one another(或different from one other).
(e.g. In different situations/Against different backgrounds, however, the values derived from the same incident are found contrary to one another.) 39) The best/only/nearest/sound way for us to understand/seize the essence /substance of..., however, is to put both/it against each other/different backgrounds/another thing (或...is to make a comparison/contrast between A and B).
(e.g. The only way for us to get the sense/core of dishonesty, however, is t o put it against honesty.)
40) To..., however, no way works better than by comparing/contrasting A with B.
(e.g. To see through this superstition, however, no way works better than by contrasting it with science.)
1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth....
(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.)
2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A
(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)
3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...
(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)
4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. .
(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.) 5) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is...
(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)
6) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that...
7) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase /decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in...
8) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...(年份)to...( 年份)
9) The table/graph shows that there is a(n) declining/increasing trend of ...from...(年份) to...(年份)
10) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/graph can be surprised to find that...
11) It is a traditional practice to...in our society. (e.g. It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage and housing.)
12) It has long been considered only right and proper to...(in China.) (e.g. It has long been considered only right and proper/perfectly justified for the old to assume full responsibility for the growth of the young.)
13) As things usually go against sb.'s will, his original intention was to...
(e.g. As things usually go against man's will, his original intention was to change the way people lived by inventing the internal combustion engine. Indeed, its birth has greatly enhanced their enjoyment of life, especially in traveling and transporting. But its dark side is presenting a growing worry to our society.)
14) The current situation of..., if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that...
(e.g. The current situation of our reforms is political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example,...But...)
15) Everything about...seems (not) to be getting on smoothly/just as one wishes in...
(e.g. Everything about the economic reform seems to be getting on just as our government wishes in China.)
16) To sb.'s mind/In sb.'s eye(s), sth. seems/means... (e.g. In the eyes of the public, official corruption means taking bribes,. ..But such corruption comes in many different forms.) 17) No one would deny that...
或：Everyone would agree that...
(e.g. 見例2) 18) When it comes to...(sth.), most people (the public) maintain(s)/contend(s) that...
(e.g. When it comes to fake commodities, every consumer has much anger to pour upon them.)
19) Now it is widely believed that...
(e.g. Now it is widely believed that examinations are the best possible measure for the selection of the qualified.)
20) A public debate has arisen as to/over/concerning...
(e.g. A public debate has arisen as to whether one should step forward bravely in the event of crime.)
21) All that sth. has done for our society seems like a big step forward in the right/wrong direction, but it has also brought along with it a great worry /benefit to...(the average people.)
(sth.: cloning, the reform in managerial structures, etc.)
22) The birth/invention of...has made an enormous/essential difference to ...But it does not mean that...
(e.g. The birth of the computer has made a radical difference to the human progress. But it does not mean that this wonder does no threat to our society.)
23) Sth. has changed the way our society develops....But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its dark side.
(sth.: the genetic engineering, etc.)
24) Things about...are going on to our advantage, but a long cool look at ...reveals that...
(e.g. Things about the reform in state enterprises are not going on to the most workers' advantage....But a long cool look at this move reveals that it will produce some substantial benefits to our nation in a long run.)
25) No/Little doubt that...But...
(e.g.［There is］ Little doubt that the traditional schooling has contributed much to our social development....But some grave defects in it begin to stand out against the modern times.)
26) What does sth. mean? 27) How/Why does sth. affect our life? 28) What is it like to do...? (e.g. What is it like to have lost all confidence in oneself?) 29) What would our society be like if there were no...? (e.g. What would our society be like if there were no public morals?)
30) Should we put sth. above sth. else?
或：Should we attach as much weight to A as to B?
(e.g. Should we put intellectual development above moral education?) 31) Sth. is often referred to as/defined as... (e.g. Corrupt officials are often referred to as the most dangerous borers in our government bodies, who are nibbling away the healthy organism of our party by dishonest means.)
32) (Doing) Sth. is just the same as.../is compared to.../is likened to.. ./is like...
(e.g. Life in the middle of marriage is often compared to wire walking, for in the early years spouses attract each other and in late years they need each other.)
33) Sth. is to...what sth. else is to...
(e.g. An individual human existence is to the human society what a river is to the ocean, small and busy rushing past rocks at first, but gradually growing wider and quieter until it becomes merged in the ocean in the end.)
34) To/For/With most people/sb., sth. is/means...
(e.g. To dishonest people, a friend means a target or an object that is of some use to them at present or in the future.)
35) Sth. is the symbol/mark/equivalent of.../is symbolic of.../is equivalent to...
(e.g. If selling one's sex is the mark of degeneration, selling one's power is equivalent to committing crime.)
36) Suppose/Imagine that.../Let's suppose/assume/imagine (that)... (e.g. Suppose, by any chance, you heartily disagree with anything that is going on about you, you are less likely to stay on the good side of people around you.)
37) We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether...
(e.g. We often find ourselves caught in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin/whether to reach for...)
38) If/In case/In the event that..., it is better to.../a better course is to.../sb. has no choice/option/alternative but to.../all we want to know is ho w...
(e.g. In the event that you fall in a love river, all we want to know is how you will swim in it, as you are no longer a fisherman.)
39) Unfortunately, sth. may affect sb.'s life to the point where...
(e.g. Unfortunately, the desire to be well thought of affects one's life to the point where he is reluctant to say no to anyone else regarding anything.)
40) In our life, there often appears such an occasion when.../on which... (或it often happens that...)
(e.g. In our daily life, there appears such an occasion when we drink success to our work in one field but, at the same time, begin to do great damage to other fields.)
41) “...” That is how one of the great minds/scientists/writers remarked on...
(e.g. “Happiness, like an old friend, is inclined to drop in unexpectedly— when you're working hard on something else.” That is how a famous writer once remarked on happiness.)
42) One of the great sociologists/psychologists has said:“...”
(e.g. The great classical ballerina Anna Pavlova has said: “No one can arrive from being talented alone. God gives talent; work transforms talent into genius.” In other words ...)
43) “...” Such is the accurate exposition/exposure of...frequently over heard in public.
(e.g. “Public morals are declining day by day.” Such is the correct exposure of the dark side of our society.)
44) How often nowadays we hear such remarks/complaints/words as this “...” or “...”!
(e.g. How often nowadays we hear such complaints from officials as this “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have to bear too many titles for our society”! Don't be misled by the complaints of this kind!)
45) One of the great men once said that...
(e.g. A gifted American psychologist once said that it is an illusion to believe in the Sunday-school truth—more comfort, more happiness.)
46) Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon the report that... (e.g. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon the news that a quick witted policeman spotted a suspect's spittle in the street blotted it up and ran a DNA test on it which led to the man's arrest for a murder. This case best counts as a practical application of the DNA technique.)
47) One day, I happened to witness the incident as follows:...
(e.g. 略) 3) According to the recent survey/poll/questionaire/statistics, there is/a re...percent of...
(e.g. According to a recent survey made in a certain university, there are 43.8 percent of male students and 38.3 percent of female students either facing problems with nutrition or having to miss classes because of illness each term.)
48) The scientific studies/statistics show/indicate that...
(e.g. The latest scientific studies show that, if one's mind catches hold of something and does not let it go, it is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. This finding further confirms that a modern man is apt to get anxious and depressed.)
49) Every weekend sees sb. go about...
(e.g. Every weekend sees Ms Song, my roommate, wolf down her dinner and hurry out with her boy friend.)
②【常見段首句】
1) According to/In the opinion(eye) of/From the viewpoint of some (those) people, the issue in question is...
(e.g. In the opinion of some old people, traditional modes of thought are the touchstone by which to tell good from bad.)
2) Hit (Confronted/Faced/Seized/Stuck/Haunted/Cursed/Overcome/Infatuated) with..., some people tend to...
(e.g. Haunted with sad memories, some people are apt to take a gloomy view on life.)
3) In (the) event (face/case/course/time/view) of..., some people usually ...
(e.g. In the course of human struggle for survival, quite a few people always direct their eyes to its dark side.)
4) As is stated (shown/suggested/listed/illustrated) in.../According to a recent (the latest) report (survey/quetionaire/study/scientific research), the issue in question really...(there are quite a lot of people who...)
(e.g. As is shown in a recent questionaire, there are a large number of people who express greater dissatisfaction than satisfaction at the general mood of society.)
5) In our daily life (activities/social contact)/In reality/Actually, man y people respond/react to the issue in question by...
(e.g. In reality, most people respond to evil-doing by avoiding it whenever possible.)
6) A good case in point is (can be best provided by) that of... (e.g. A good case in point is that of a businessman who makes money by fair means or foul.
7) Just consider/think of the matter/case of...
(e.g. Just consider the matter of raising flowers that are delicate and sensitive to watering.)
8) In the course of..., for example, there is/are...
(e.g. In the course of coping with worries in life, for example, there is an art to what way you take.)[HJ*4/7]
9) Take...for example(或Take, for example,...)A (e.g. Take foot racing (for example), it is a sport in which endurance and strong finish is often more important.)
10) As a(n) example (of...)/illustration (of...)/case in point, let's take/see/consider/follow/cite...
11) Awareness of the matter in question is one thing/only the beginning( 或 the first step), but more important to us is the step/the question of how to (cope with/do with it)...
(e.g. Awareness of the harmfulness of superstition is only the first step, but more important to our nation is the step of how to clear it out of our society.)
12) There is no easy (perfect/universal/two-bird-one-stone/happiest) method (short-cut/solution/remedy/way) at hand, but...can put us on the right way (in the correct direction) to our final goal/destination (...are/is worth trying out in our work.)
(e.g. There is no easy short-cut to removal of superstition, but the following measures/suggestions can put our determination in the right direction.)
13) There is no better/sounder time to take steps/measures/action than right now, for no chance will be greater than the one we are offered.
(e.g. 略)
14) It is obvious (evident/clear/no surprising/high time/hoped/suggested), therefore, that all-out (constant/great/cooperative/further/genuine/substantial/considerable/persistent) efforts should be made (exerted/used/bent/put forth) to ...(或should be directed to.../focused on...)
(e.g. It is evident, therefore, that constant efforts should be directed to the ecological balance.)
15) Therefore/Obviously/No doubt/Clearly, to...is not a(n) goal/aim to achieve in one step/move/go(或is no easy job/task), and to achieve in one stp/move/ go(或is no easy job/task), and it requires/involves/entails special/proper/all possible means/efforts/measures/remedies.
(e.g. Therefore, to eradicate this inherent weakness from our society is not a goal to reach in one move, and it requires special efforts.)
16) When/If asked to...I would like to.../would rather (not).../will do as follows.
(e.g. If asked to find the way out of the danger these depraved practices have created, I would rather live a simple life than go along with any others in their evil deeds.)
17) To...I might as well cite my own experience.
(e.g. To draw out of others more valuable opinions upon the problem, I might as well cite my own experience.)
18) If I were thrown/put/involved in (to) the context/background/situation/the state of making my choice, I would...
(e.g. If I were thrown into the freedom to make my choice among the styles of surviving, I would live like this:...)
19) Faced with/Hit with...I resolve/propose to...
(e.g. Faced with the challenge from the future life, I resolve firmly to perfect myself in the aspects as follows.)
20) As far as I am concerned, I will/have/would...(e.g. 略)
21) If sth. is allowed to take its course, it will be sure/bound to bring about/leave/entail desired (unexpected/grave/immediate/reverse/disastrous/far-re aching) effects/consequences/influences.(e.g. 略)
22) There are sure/believed/supposed to be some good/bad/beneficial/harmful effects/consequences/influences.(e.g. 略)
23) Come what may, it has given rise to several adverse/wholesome effects.(e.g. 略)
24) What merits our special/increasing attention/concern, therefore, is a number of effects/influences sth. has produced/exerted.
(e.g. What merits our primary concern, therefore, is a variety of effects the bad practices in our Party have produced.)
25) The influence/effect/consequence of...has not been confined/limited to...(It also...)(e.g. The influence of our outlook on life has not been confined to any particular aspect of social life. Instead, it has left its mark on every facet of our society.)
26) From the analyses of causes for...it is not hard for one to arrive at/come to/reach/draw/assert/deduce/confirm the conclusion that...(或...to distinguish/see the direction in which...)
(e.g. From the analyses of causes for divorces, it is not hard for us to draw the conclusion that the divorce rates will go up steadily under the current circumstances.)
27) If one continues to cast an indifferent eye on/to turn a deaf ear to/ to be blind to/to overlook the problem, things are sure to go from bad to worse.
或：If one is in real earnest in giving all his attention/concern to the problem/matter, things are bound to go from good to better/from bad to good. A
(e.g. If the governments at all levels are in earnest in giving their special concern to the problem of unemployment, things are more than likely to go from bad to good.)
28) Thus it can be seen from the above that (doing) sth. means much/a great deal/lots more than itself.
(e.g. Thus it can be seen that nourishing honesty in government bodies means much more than itself.)
29) The significance of (doing) sth. is embodied/reflected in the following respects.
(e.g. 略)
30) Obviously/Evidently/Clearly/No doubt, sth. will contribute much to... (will add life/color/variety/new meanings/vigor to...)
(e.g. Clearly, the afforestation drive will contribute much to our living environment.)
31) Of the two things in question, I prefer/favor/give more weight to/endorse the first (second)/the former (latter).(e.g. 略)
32) If it is up to me to make a choice (between both), I would rather choose...over...
(e.g. If it were up to me to make a choice between both in the event of betrayal of one's country, I would rather choose death over life.)
33) Since neither of the two things can be perfect in.../work effectively / come up to...(the required standard), the best/only/ideal course open to sb. is to...
(e.g. Since neither of the two measures can be perfect in the solution to the problem of cheating in exams, the best course open to us is to combine the two measures with other possible solutions.)
34) In view of the fact that there are obvious/serious drawbacks/weakness e s in either of the things in question, I advocate/endorse...(或insist/maintain/h old that...)
(e.g. In view of the fact that there are serious drawbacks in either of the suggestions, I insist that full play should be given to each other's advantages for our purpose.)
35) As seen from the above comparison, the first (second) thing is prefer able/more favorable (desirable) (或the first/second thing has more to recommend it), but it should suck advantage out of the other for the sake of perfection.
(e.g. 略) 36) From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely/reasonably conclude that...
(e.g. ...that travelling by car can offer him a greater privilege (chance) of getting to know natural conditions and social customs of places on his way.)
37) When the advantages and disadvantages (the pros and cons of both are weighed in terms of...(on the basis of.../in the light of...), don't you think/agree that...(agree to/favor...)?
(e.g. When...in terms of actual results, don't you agree that the latter is a better way of learning?)
38) Therefore/In conclusion/To sum up, it is because of the unique/substantial/manifold advantages/superiority offered/held by...that...
(e.g. In brief, it is because of the substantial advantages held by the perfection of supervision that the public places high hopes on it.)
39) As things stand, in fact/substance, nothing can be compared with B in ...although...
(e.g. it is not without defects.)
(e.g. As things stand, in fact, nothing can be compared with the crackdown o f corrupt officials in arousing the enthusiasm of the masses, although it is not without defects.)
40) True/Admittedly/Indeed, there are still imperfections in B, but its strong/bright side is what one needs badly.(e.g. 略)
41) The most pressing question/task/problem/issue/matter for us to tackle , in my opinion/in fact, is...(e.g. The most pressing task for us to tackle, in my opinion, is to find new ways of making best of water resources now available.)
42) Our efforts/concern/attention/interest should be directed to...
(e.g. Our efforts should be directed to what should be done to reverse the t rend.)
43) What we really/badly need now is...
(e.g. What we really need now is to accept any suggestion conducive to the solution of the problem.)
44) It is high time (that)...
(e.g. It is high time that we made our minds open to new, different ideas about it and that we started to take some practical measures so as not to leave it to continue its course until it runs wide.)
45) Then/On the basis of the above refutation, how/what...(next)?
(e.g. ...how to lift ourselves out of the passive situation?...how to repair the damage man has done to the environment?...what can be done about the present trend of blind faith in things foreign.)
46) So, I feel strongly that...
(e.g. So, I feel strongly that the recent trend of superstition reflects a credibility crisis hanging over the country.)
47) In my opinion/To my mind, nothing is more...than...
(e.g. To my mind, nothing is more important than the need to know right from wrong.)
48) If our first reaction to this wrong thinking/practice is just a retort on it, our true/ultimate goal is...
(e.g. ...is to make/put right such illusion/practice.)
49) Nowhere in history has the problem/issue/illusion/trend been so...that...
(e.g. ...so critical/hindersome that there is a growing awareness of the urge/necessity to abandon the belief that man can always conquer nature.)
50) Now (that)/Since...the focus of our concern/argument should be switched over to...
(e.g. Now that the issue is too obvious to need further refutation, the focus of our argument should be switched over to intensifying the concept of water shortage among the people.)
51) I am of the opinion/point/view that... (e.g. I am of the view that China's future is bright but the road to success is not smooth.) 52) To my mind/From my point of view/In my opinion, whether...or...depend s on how...
(e.g. To my mind, whether money may bring us happiness or evils depends on how we get it and how we use it.)
53) Anyway/Anyhow/In any case, whether...or...is a difficult question to answer (remains to be turned over), one thing is certain that...
(e.g. In any case, whether cloning is a blessing or a curse remains to be turned over; but one thing is certain that it will make a great difference to our outlook on life.)
54) In my eye(s), the wide divergence of opinions as to...does not mean that...(we are at a loss to know how to conduct ourselves). The truth of the matte r (The basic question) is...
(e.g. In my eyes, the wide divergence of opinions as to failure does not mean that...The truth of the matter is what place we leave it to hold (occupy) in our heart.)
55) I can't give my consent to either of the extreme opinions, for/because/as I believe/hold that...
(e.g. ...for I hold that a safer way is to make best of each other's rat ional arguments.) 56) I am of the view/opinion/point that we should give first place (priority) to...while making...subsidiary.
(e.g. I am of the view that we should give first place to the quality-oriented education while making the examination-oriented education subsidiary.) 57) In my opinion, the former (latter) standpoint is more. .to/for...
(e.g. In my opinion, the former standpoint is more suitable for our national conditions.)
58) Although the first (second) viewpoint holds water to some degree (extent), I am still favorably inclined towards the second (first) one.
(e.g. 略)
59) To be frank/To tell the truth, I should second the former (latter) attitude/position in preference to the latter (former).
60) Despite the extreme to which the former (latter) viewpoint goes, the fact of the matter, in my opinion, is that...
(e.g. ...the fact of the matter, in my opinion, is that more and more people are doing their bit in brightening China's future.)
61) For the foregoing reasons, I (have/will) never...
(e.g. For the foregoing reasons, I have never wavered in my pursuit of this purpose.)
62) Although...nothing has...can...(或I have/will all along...)A
(e.g. Although these years have witnessed drastic changes in the way people think and live, I have all along held firmly to the belief that anything in line with the true interests of the people is worth carrying forward.)
63) Things may change with tidal currents, but what remains the same as before is...
(e.g. ...is my attachment to sb./sth.)
64) In my mind, there is not anything/anybody that/who...than...
(e.g. In my mind, there is not anything that arouses more excitement than this sport/event/place.)
65) Indeed, time and space has proved (that)...
(e.g. Indeed, time and space has proved that, the more effort I make in that direction, the more hungry I feel for it.)
66) My list could go on, but more important/substantial/pressing to me is (that)...
(e.g. ...is what steps I should take towards the realization of my aim.)
67) To..., however, is/requires/demands...
(e.g. To be a successful learner, however, demands a great deal of work.)
68) But in reality, the expression of one' reasons in one thing while the accomplishment of his purpose is another thing, which usually needs/is/requires...(So,...)
(e.g. ..., which usually needs a greater effort of will.)
69) To me, however, the greatest challenge is not the matter/question of...but (the matter/question) of...
(e.g. To me, however, the greatest concern/challenge is not the matter of the grounds for my aspiration, but of capacities to be increased for making it a reality.)
70) Since/Now (that)..., what remains to be done/desired is...
(e.g. Since the factors for my choice are in black and white, what remains to be desired is how to strive towards it.) 71) Another (good/ideal) case in point is that of... (e.g. Another ideal case in point is that of rowing against current.)
72) To the already well-known/familiar examples/cases of..., another may/can be added:...
(e.g. ...of things turning out contrary to one's wishes, another can be added: A great invention in medicine leads to a sharp increase in the average span of human life. But on the other hand, it turns out to overburden the food supply of the world.)
73) As another illustration/example, let's take/see (the case of)...
(e.g. As another illustration, let's see the case of swimming in an ocean.)
74) A very similar case/example/story can be cited/told from...
(e.g. ...from the modern military history of China.)
75) Perhaps it will suffice to mention another example/case/story of..., which unfolds as follows:...
(e.g. ...of an unbridgeable gap between ideal and reality, which unfolds as follows: A woman was speaking to her friend about her two beaus. “If I could combine their qualities, I'd be the happiest person in the world. Ronald is rich, handsome and witty but unwilling to propose marriage to me. Tony, compared with t he first, is outshone but he is eager to marry me.”)
76) It is only by/through...that... (e.g. It is only by adapting oneself to a new environment that he is more likely than others to survive in it.)
77) From the exemplifications above, it turns out that... (e.g. From the exemplifications above, it turns out that the power of determined will enables one to find some way out of any difficulty.)
78) As the foregoing turns out, it matters not...but... (e.g. As the foregoing turns out, it matters not what color your cat is but once it catches mice, it must never be one of the bad.)
79) Indeed, the evidence upon all sides justifies/confirms/supports/points to/is in favor of the truth/view/maxim that...
(e.g. ...that failure teaches success.)
80) Judging from all evidence offered/From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably/safely arrive at/come to/reach/draw/deduce/assert the conclusion that...
(e.g. ...that a just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little.)
81) If there is anything more/well worthy of mention/consideration/attention/careful study, nothing comes close to...
(e.g. 略)
82) To make the better (clearer/easier) best (clearest/easiest), a further/deeper/wiser step/way/study/method/measure/plan is/should be...
(e.g. To make the clearer clearest, a further study should be taken up of how the phenomenon “La Ni a” came into being.)
83) If you are.../want to..., it is vital/ideal/important/essential that...(e.g. If you are more at home in associating one thing with others, it is vital that you take full advantage of the divergent thinking.)
84) The most important/essential/substantial/critical thing/matter worth pointing out, however, is...
(e.g. ...is what structure of knowledge a would-be achiever has in the future competition.)
85) Following/Abiding by the above instructions/advice/directions/rules can...but you will achieve/gain/do better/more if you...
(e.g. Following the above instruction can give you a feeling of achievement, but you will achieve more if you have a good command of its specific property.)
86) The comparison/contrast that calls for deepest thought lies/consists in...
(e.g. ...in social values that convey different senses to the two peoples.)
87) The most striking/sharpest/shocking/instructive contrast between A and B can be found in...
(e.g. ...in the way both see the world.)
88) If standing in contrast to..., the thing/matter/person (of one's concern) differs essentially/greatly/radically/profoundly from the reference in...
(e.g. ...in the mode of reproduction/living.)
89) The effect of comparison/contrast between both is heightened most by the difference in...
(e.g. ...in size/intelligence/principles/values/outlook on life/abilities to adapt to new environments.)
90) Still under/in similar/the same circumstances/conditions/situations, however, the two things can turn out quite/most differently(或A turns out to be radically/utterly/totally different from B).(e.g. 略)
91) But in the other culture/atmosphere/society/scope/field, by contrast, the thing(s)/person(s)/subject(s) grow(s)/develop(s)/turn(s) out/act(s) in the opposite/contrary directions.(或a(n) completely/entirely/qualitatively/vastly/strikingly different result comes of/from the same thing/action/practice/event.)
(e.g. But in the western societies, by contrast, an entirely different result/effect comes of the same thing.)
92) Of all the differences between A and B, the greatest one is...
(e.g. Of all the differences between science and pseudoscience, the greatest one is their truthfulness. Science originates in nature or from practice while pseudoscience is created/invented out of nothing or without foundation.) 93) A study of.../A cold look at/into...may be the best/sound way to learn more about the difference/contrast between A and B.A
(e.g. A study of attitudes towards money may be the sound way to learn more about the contrast between a noble-minded person and a person with vulgar interests.)
94) Against the same/different background(s), however, what stands out most between the two things/from he same thing is...
(e.g. Against the same background, however, what stands out between the two peoples is the angles/perspectives from which they see things.)
95) Between the two things/subjects/people under comparison, nothing can bring out/present as great/sharp/poignant contrast as...
(e.g. ...as poignant contrast as the occasion when both run into danger.)
96) As far as...is/are concerned, sth. in question means/signifies/symbolizes...
(e.g. As far as a person of bad taste is concerned, life means seeking for physical incentives, of which money is usually counted as No. One.)
97) If adopted/used to define/measure/weigh/judge..., sth. in question is often seen/valued/looked upon/thought of/referred to/cherished as.../is embodied (reflected) in.../lies (consists) in...
(e.g. If adopted to weigh the college student, beauty is embodied in his or her comprehensive qualities.)
98) With/For/To..., sth. in question is just the same as.../is as...as... /is like.../is...
(e.g. With some of the upstarts, luxurious living is just as essential as parading their success.)
99) In the case of..., sth. stands for/refers to/means...
(e.g. In the case of the Me-generation, friendship stands for an obedient tool on hand.)
100) What is the meaning/interpretation/connotation of...if it is limited /restricted to the field/scope/circle/group of...?
(e.g. What is the meaning of loyalty if it is restricted to the circle of pure scientists?)
③【常見段首句和過渡句】
1) Some (people) argue/claim/believe/hold that... But others set (put) forth a different argument about/oppositive views on the matter in question.
(e.g. Some claim that setting off firecrackers is a good practice of celebrating the Spring Festival. ...But others put forth opposite views on the problem. )
2) Some (people) advocate/endorse/favor/are for (或oppose/object to/are against)... Yet others stick to/hold on to/cling to the opposite views/argument/points.
(e.g. Some advocate changes intended to modernize the building code. ...Yet others hold on to the opposite views.)
3) To some people's mind/From some people's point of view/In the eye(s) o f some people, the matter in question is/seems/should be/means...But to others' mind/from others' point of view/in others' eyes, it is just/quite the other way around/contrary/opposite(或the opposite/reverse is the case/true.)
(e.g. To some people's mind, reading should be done in a selective way. ...But to others', it is just the other way around.)
4) Some (people) respond/react to...by...But others behave/act in the other direction/in the opposite way.
(e.g. Some people respond to failure by remaining inactive or avoiding it...But others behave in the opposite way.)
5) Some take the view that...And/But on the other hand, others argue for the opposite view that...
(e.g. Some are of the view that institutions mould characters. ...And on the other hand, others argue for the opposite view that characters transform institutions.)
④【常見讓步法段首句和過渡句】
1) It is true/There is no need to deny that...But it does not mean... (e.g. There is no need to deny that recreational services have added variety to our social life. ...But it does not mean leaving them to take their own courses.)
2) Although it is widely believed that..., it can not stand close/cold scrutiny/analysis/examination.
3) Admittedly/True/Obviously/Indeed, the issue in question. ... But one basic/vital fact is being left out of our analysis/consideration, namely/that is,... (e.g. Admittedly, the official figures and statistics show that much improvement has been made in people's living standards. ... But one vital fact is being left out of our analysis, namely a growing gap between the rich and the poor. )
4) Those in favor of the issue in question argue/contend/hold/maintain/claim that...But what they fail to consider/analyze/see/find out is that...
(e.g. Those in favor of euthanasia contend that its practice can benefit both the patient and his family. ...But what they fail to consider is that euthanasia may be taken advantage of for some evil or hidden purposes.)
5) Superficially/On the surface/At first glance(thought)/In appearance, the issue in question seems...But in fact(on second thoughts/on close examination/in substance),...
(e.g. At first glance, the western-type democracy seems superior to any other types. ...But on second thoughts, it does not entitle every citizen of the same nation to the equal freedom to act.)
⑤【常見過渡句】
1) To prevent this phenomenon/trend from worsening/running wide/To guide the matter/situation to the best advantage, it is necessary/important to...(可用于分析建議類、原因分析類等議論文)
2) In the face of...some people take the position that.../some people come to believe that..., to which I can't attach/add my consent.(可用于批駁分析類議論文)
或：In the face of...people retain/take/show/assume different attitudes/position s/standpoints.(可用于各抒己見類議論文)
或：In the face of...many people have come up with...(可用于對比分析類議論文和知識性說明文等)
3) But many people feel puzzled about/perplexed at/over whelmed with...(the changes/situation), so this essay is intended to...(可用于批駁分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
4) Although lots of people follow the fashion/trend, I still set my heart on...(可用于理由陳述類議論文)
5) To get a sense of how...we must turn first to causes for it/to what benefit (harm/problems/difference) it has brought to our society.(可用于分析建議和原因分析類議論文)
6) This is a (n) favorable/unfavorable/unhealthy/essential/marked/grateful change/tendency/situation, but factors/causes/reasons for it are not hard to find(或but its appearance/existence derives from a variety of factors). (用于原因分析類議論文)
7) The progress/improvement/change(s) in...is(are) really tremendous/remarkable/prodigious/marvelous, so it is necessary to understand (see) what it (they) illustrate (s)/prove(s)/account(s) for.(用于原因分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
8) A comparison between these changes may be a good way to learn more about...(可用于對比說明文)
9) More insight/inspiration/truth/thought can be deduced from these changes.(可用于知識性說明文)
10) This situation/phenomenon/trend/tendency is rather distressing/disturb ing/depressing/heart-rending, for the opposite of it is just in line with our wishes/just what is to be expected.(可用于分析建議、批駁分析和原因分析等議論文)
12) This is what we are unwilling to see, so some way must be found out to...(可用于分析建議、對比分析、批駁分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
13) Fortunately, however, more and more people come/begin to realize that ...(可用于分析建議、對比分析和各抒己見類議論文)
14) Unfortunately, things have worsened/come/developed to the point where ...(用于分析建議、原因分析、批駁分析、各抒己見類議論文和知識性說明文)
15) But have you ever stopped to think what/how/why...?(可用于除理由陳述之外的各種議論文和知識性說明文) 16) If we take a further/colder/closer look at this problem/matter, however, more secrets/grounds/chances/ways will be found out for...
(e.g. ...putting it right/taking action against it/improving it) (可用于分析 建議、對比分析、原因分析等議論文和知識性說明文)
17) But this (dis)agreement ceases to exist as soon as...(用于各抒己見、批駁分析、對比分析等議論文和對比說明文)
18) A further/deeper analysis/study/exposure of.../A further comparison between...can reveal more about.../can show us more ways to...(how to...)可用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析、批駁分析等議論文和對比說明文及知識性說明文)
19) If you push the analysis/study/argument/comparison/exposure further, you will see that...(用于分析建議、對比分析、批駁分析、各抒己見類議論文和對比說明文及知識性說明文)
20) The same is true of many cases in life.(用于舉例說明文)
21) Now, let's see what would happen to...in this case/light(或in different conditions/circumstances).(用于分析建議類議論文和對比說明文)
22) Perhaps, it is ideal/high/ripe time for us to tackle/handle/answer/take up the question in no half-hearted manner.(用于分析建議、原因分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
23) To be frank, I have turned the question over and over in my mind, but found no reason to sidestep it; so here are my ways to.../my reasons for...(用于理由陳述類議論文和知識性說明文)
24) I was once cursed/perplexed/seized with this question, but I have forged/made my own way out of it.(用于知識性說明文)
25) People from different backgrounds, however, put different interpretations on the same thing.(用于各抒己見類議論文和展開式界說性說明文)
26) But different people hold completely different views as to its nature.(用于各抒己見類議論文和界說性說明文)
27) If/When adopted to account for/define/expose..., it can come in different meanings.(用于具體定義說明文)
28) If it is intended for..., however, the divergence of outlook on it ceases to continue while a new meaning to it begins to stand out.(用于歸納性定義說明文)
29) Our life abounds with examples in point.(或The truth in the definition goes for/is applicable to many cases in our life.)(用于舉例說明文)
30) In that case, however, I prefer to...rather than...(用于理由陳述、比較分析、批駁分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
31) (Un)Fortunately, there are still some people who act in the other way around.(用于分析建議和原因分析類議論文)
32) Once/If hit/cursed/overwhelmed with such troubles/straits/matters, you'd better/I would (not) do something about them to find your/my way out.(用于知識性說明文)
33) I was once caught/stuck in the same situation/context, but I managed to lift myself out of it.(用于知識性說明文)
34) When exposed to/subject to the same conditions/challenge/choice, however, different people tend to behave in different ways.(用于各抒己見類議論文)
35) If this is true/the case, what accounts for such an issue:...(如：perversion of justice for bribes 貪贓枉法)?(用于分析建議和原因分析等議論文)
36) If that remark still holds water now, the situation (trend/phenomenon) in question should make us ponder about what harm/benefit/influence it will bring to us/about how it will affect our society.(用于分析建議篇)
37) (In other words,...) But echoes of his view/voice(對他觀點的附和聲) die away as to w-questions.(用于各抒己見類議論文)
38) His view is voiced by more and more people, but finds no echo in my heart.(用于批駁分析類議論文)
39) His voice arouses echoes among people of insight, who have come up with some practical measures.(用于對比分析類議論文和知識性說明文)
40) His/Her case is not unique, and now more and more...(But...)(用于各種議論文和知識性、對比性說明文) 41) His/Her story is not unusual/rare, it is typical of thousands of people who are following his/her lead, so some people have abundant reason to ask how this came into being/how this will affect our future life/what measures should be taken to cope with it.(用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析、批駁分析類議論文和知 識性說明文)
42) The results of this survey/questionaire have aroused/drawn nationwide / public attention/concern, which is why some great efforts are being made by our government/society.(用于分析各抒己見類議論文和舉例、知識性說明文)
43) Such a dilemma/problem/condition we often run into in our life, but the basic question is how to cope with it/but all we need to do is how to approach it.(用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析等類議論文和知識性說明文)
44) What this survey reveals is cold and hard, so the top priority task f or us to set about is to...(用于分析建議、原因分析、對比分析等議論文和知識性說明 文)
45) This case has aroused echoes throughout the country, with more and mo r e people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely/is there anything serious it has reflected?(用于分析類議論文和各抒己見類議論文)
46) Most people have realized the seriousness/potential of what this survey exposes, but...(用于分析類議論文)
47) With/For different people/things, however, sth. is open to different interpretations/tastes/connotations. A
(e.g. With the people from different family backgrounds, however, devotion is open to many interpretations.)
48) When adopted to define different things/people, sth. comes in a variety of flavors/tastes/meanings/values/senses. A
(e.g. When/If adopted to describe the people with different intentions, life often comes in various senses.)
49) Sth. may be/bear/convey many meanings/values/hints to many/different people/things, but, in all senses/the broadest sense/a real sense, it is/means...A
(e.g. Happiness may convey many hints to many families, but, in every sense, it means making more contribution than demand in a family.)
50) On the whole/As a whole/All in all/In substance (essence), however, the diverse/different/various meanings/interpretations/concepts/definitions of sth. originate (stem/come) from/can be boiled (narrowed/condensed) down to/can be traced back to one core (the same core)/one source (the same source) one connotation (the same connotation):...
(e.g. On the whole, however, the diverse meanings of success to the people above can be boiled down to one connotation: Success is a realization of one's ideal.)
51) Whether the definition/interpretation of sth. is constant or mutable, however, depends on what backgrounds it is in. A
(e.g. Whether the definition of beauty is constant or mutable, however, depends much on what backgrounds it is put against.)
⑥【常見中心意思句】
1) From sth./what one has done, he can derive profits (will well deserve punishments) as follows.
(e.g. From his great inventions in many fields, man has well deserved punishments as follows.)
2) Sth., if made the best/the worst of, will bring some distinct advantages/disadvantages to our social development/one's growth.
(e.g. Stock markets, if made the best of, will bring some advantages to our social construction.)
3) Sth. is expected to do a lot of benefit/threat/harm to sb./sth. else. (e.g. Cloning, as a new-born thing, is expected to do a lot of benefit to the human progress.)
4) (Doing) sth. will enrich/endanger/influence one's life in more than one aspect.
(e.g. Having one's head in the clouds sometimes can enrich a good teacher's teaching in more than one aspect.)
5) Some good/bad/unexpected effects come of what we have done/sth. done in...(e.g. Some good effects will certainly come of the efforts we have mad e in birth control.)
6) There are several reasons/causes/factors for the changes/increase/decline/growth in...(First,...Second...)
(e.g. There are probably a variety of reasons for the drastic changes in people's moral concepts.)
7) The reasons/causes/factors for sth. are complex/varied/profound. (Some attribute it...Others put it down to...Still others owe it to...)
(e.g. The causes for the prevalence of living together are varied and complex.)
8) The success/failure/change/increase/decline(in sth.) mainly/largely stems/derives/results from the factors as follows.(One lies in...Another is found in...Still another consists in...)
(e.g. The rise in China's economy mainly derives from a number of factors/the factors as follows.)
9) Why has/did/is...? (For one thing/...For another...Perhaps the most fundamental/adequate/competent reason is...)
(e.g. Why is there a growing drift toward power-seeking in society?) 10) It is no easy/simple task/job to furnish/identify/find every reason / cause for sth., but/while, on the whole, three/some factors shout louder/weigh heavier than others/stand out from others.
(e.g. It is no easy job to find every reason for the increase in the number of teenagers who run away from their homes, but, on the whole, two factors shout louder than others.)
11) In view of this situation/drift/boom/social disorder/drastic change, people put forward/advance/suggest/propose two countermoves/countermeasures:...
(e.g. In view of this population boom in large cities, people have come up with two countermeasures: dispersal of city population and development of an underground city.)
12) From the suggested solutions (to...)/measures (against...)/plans (for . ..)/moves (toward...)/ideas (on...), two have begun to stand/stick out, namely.. .(e.g. 略)
13) There are believed/expected/supposed to be two effective measures/practical schemes/workable ideas/sound solutions, one of which is...
(e.g. There are believed to two workable ideas on prevention of teenage pregnancy, one of which is the sex education of teenagers.)
14) To promote/suppress/cultivate/popularize/curb/enhance/root up the thing in question, the public attention/more stress/emphasis is placed/put/focused upon two proposals/moves/measures/solutions:...
(e.g. To root up the prostitution in our society, the public attention is focused on two solutions: a permanent ban against unhealthy recreations and a long -term moral education.)
15) When it comes to the comparison between A and B, each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
(e.g. When it comes to the comparison between travelling by car and travelling by train, each has advantages and disadvantages of its own.)
16) Ideas/Views on the issue in question vary from person to person/vary widely. A
(e.g. Ideas on the way of reading vary from person to person.
17) As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different views/positions/attitudes/stands(或people's attitudes are quite opposite to each other.).A
(e.g. As to whether birth of various associations on campus is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different stands.)
18) People's views, however, are divergent on the matter in question. A
或：People are divided in opinion/outlook/view on the matter in question. A
(e.g. People's views, however, are divergent on the newborn thing.)
19) People respond/react to...in the manners/ways opposite to each other.
A(e.g. People respond to the stress in the manners opposite to each other.)
20) Although people arrive at/reach/achieve the common understanding of sth., their views/ideas about its influence/future/impact (on our life) are at opposite poles. A
(e.g. Although people have arrived at the common understanding of China's achievement, their views about her future are at opposite poles.)
21) There are several/a number of reasons/factors for my choice/pursuit ( o f...)/fondness (for...)/adaptability (to...)/concentration (on...)/advocacy (of. ..)/belief (in...) (或my seeking/choosing to do sth.)
(e.g. There are several reasons for my fondness for the sports.)
22) Among the factors that contribute to my achievement/choice/struggle/. .., three/a few shout louder/weigh more heavily/stand out.
(e.g. Among the factors that contribute to my success in studies, three shout louder.)
23) The reasons/factors/causes for my love (of...)/interest (in...)/determination (to do sth.)/objection (to sth.)/...are varied and individual.
(e.g. The reasons for my pursuit of the career are varied but individual.)
24) A variety of/Quite a few factors have led me to do sth.
(e.g. Quite a few factors have led me to form the habit of collecting stamps .)
25) My outlook (on...)/choice (of...)/participation (in...)/devotion (to...) stems from/derives from/results from some/several chief factors.
(e.g. My pleasant memory of my Chinese teacher stems from several chief fact ors.) 26) Our life/history/society abounds with/is rich in/is full of typical examples/illustrations.(e.g. 略) 27) Cases illustrative of this definition/truth/theory/principle/mechanism /saying/proverb are not rare/are too numerous to mention one by one/can be found everywhere in our life/society.
(e.g. Cases illustrative of the saying—facts speak louder than words—are too numerous to mention one by one.)
28) To illstrate the theory in question, we can cite many examples.( e.g. 略)
29) According to my observation/knowledge, many examples from our real life can serve/be used (employed/cited) as good evidence for the definition in question.(e.g. 略)
30) This truth/principle/motto/popular saying/way of coping with sth. is/ h olds true for/goes for/can be applied to many/various matters/cases in our actual life.
(e.g. The above theory can be applied to a variety of cases in our daily life.)
31) There are some/several/a few steps (measures/ways/methods/tricks/less o ns) you/a would-be beginner can follow (take/try/use/learn) to achieve your (his /her) goal/to realize your/his dreams/to the best advantage.
(e.g. There are some clever tricks a would-be relaxer can learn to keep himself free of worry or stress.)
32) When/If sth. in question/you...it is better/advisable/necessary/essential (for you) to follow the instructions/courses/steps/schemes/ways as given/described below.
(e.g. If your trouble builds up to the point where you can not put up with it, it is advisable for you to follow the instructions as given below.)
33) To do sth., one/you'd better (not) go by/act upon/comply with some concrete/practical/sound/effective rules/regulations/orders/procedures/courses.
(e.g. To break with the bad habits like smoking, you'd better go by some effective instructions.)
34) For anyone/those who..., here are the best ways to...
(e.g. For those who are anxious to make friends with the opposite sex, here are the best ways to remove all their anxiety.)
35) What/How/Why...then?
(e.g. How does this small association develop into a nationwide organization ?)
36) If/When placed together to undergo a close/careful/sound/rational/all -sided comparison, they/the two subjects (parties) can reveal/show/manifest/display their resemblance/difference in...(some aspects)(e.g. 略) 37) Just as one can distinguish only by comparing(或Just as there can be n o differentiation without contrast), it is necessary/better/worthwhile to see/find out what will come of the contrast/comparison between A and B.
(e.g. ...it is worthwhile to find out what comes of the contrast between the Western culture and the Eastern culture.)
38) In/Under/On different/similar situations/conditions/circumstances, how ever, the meanings/connotations/inspirations/lessons/doctrines/experiences/value s/implications/hints derived from (gained in) the same (different) thing(s) are similar/contrary/opposite to one another(或different from one other).
(e.g. In different situations/Against different backgrounds, however, the values derived from the same incident are found contrary to one another.) 39) The best/only/nearest/sound way for us to understand/seize the essence /substance of..., however, is to put both/it against each other/different backgrounds/another thing (或...is to make a comparison/contrast between A and B).
(e.g. The only way for us to get the sense/core of dishonesty, however, is t o put it against honesty.)
40) To..., however, no way works better than by comparing/contrasting A with B.
(e.g. To see through this superstition, however, no way works better than by contrasting it with science.)