B
back
［誤］ I'm sorry. I have to back home.
［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go back home.
［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go home.
［析］ back用作“回到(某處)”之意，不是動(dòng)詞。
be
［誤］ Where do you from?
［正］ Where are you from?
［析］ “你從何處來(lái)”應(yīng)為Where are you from？或Where do you come from？ 但要注意這兩句話(huà)均是問(wèn)對(duì)方從哪個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)的。要是口語(yǔ)中問(wèn)“你是從什么地方來(lái)？”應(yīng)講Where did you come from？回答用I came from the library.
beat
［誤］ We have won your class.
［正］ We have beaten your class.
［正］ We have won the game.
［析］ win是勝過(guò)之意，它是及物動(dòng)詞，但其后的賓語(yǔ)只能接比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金的名稱(chēng)，如：Which team won the football match? 而beat指打敗對(duì)手、敵人……如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的過(guò)去式與原形相同，而過(guò)去分詞為beaten)。
［誤］ The ball beat me badly.
［正］ The ball hit me badly.
［誤］ He used to hit the little boy black and blue.
［正］ He used to beat the little boy black and blue.
［析］ beat指打擊多次，而hit則為擊中對(duì)方的一次性打擊。
beautiful
［誤］ He is a beautiful boy.
［正］ He is a handsome boy.
［析］ 我們可以講She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要講男人的"英俊"時(shí)要用handsome.
because
［誤］ The reason why I was late is because I was ill.
［正］ The reason why I was late is that I was ill.
［誤］ Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.
［正］ Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.
［析］ 這種錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)橹形牡牧?xí)慣與英語(yǔ)的表述法不同，中文常講我來(lái)晚了的原因是因?yàn)槲也×?，而英文中的第二個(gè)因?yàn)橐胻hat代替。又因中文常講因?yàn)椤浴?，而英文中用了因?yàn)榫筒荒茉儆盟粤?，同樣用?所以"也就不要再用"因?yàn)?一詞。例如：Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily.
because、because of
because后要接從句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：He is not at school because of the illness.
before
［誤］ We have two hours to kill before we will go home.
［正］ We have two hours to kill before we go home.
［析］ kill time意為"消磨時(shí)光"。
英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park.
［誤］ I did this work two days before.
［正］ I did this work two days ago.
［析］ 用ago組成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)其主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去時(shí)，而before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)其主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)，如：I has done this work a few days before.
before long、long before
before long是"不久"之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. 而long before則是"很久很久"之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我們?cè)诳吹竭@位老師之前很久就知道他了。)
begin
［誤］ The meeting will begin from Monday.
［正］ The meeting will begin on Monday.
［誤］ The film has begun for ten minutes.
［正］ The film has been on for ten minutes.
［析］ begin是瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以它的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：The film has begun. 這句話(huà)是對(duì)的，即"電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始"。但要講已經(jīng)開(kāi)始10分鐘了則要用has been on即"上演了10分鐘"。
begin、start
begin與start兩詞后面加不定式或動(dòng)名詞都可以，且意思并無(wú)區(qū)別，但在表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)接動(dòng)名詞的用法較多，如：How old wern you when you first started learning English?但這兩個(gè)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中則多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主語(yǔ)是物而不是人，則多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是表達(dá)某種心理狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.
［誤］ They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.
［正］ They study hard in the class from beginning to end.
［析］ from beginning to end是習(xí)慣用法，即自始至終，不要加冠詞，但如單獨(dú)使用則要加冠詞，例如：At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.
behind
［誤］ He missed the class because he was behind the time.
［正］ He missed the class because he was behind time.
［析］ behind time一短語(yǔ)意為"晚了"，而behind the times意為"落后于時(shí)代"。behind是介詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如Come out from behind the door(介詞). He's a long way behind(副詞). He fell behind with his classmates(副詞).
below
［誤］ What's that below the chair.
［正］ What's that under the chair.
［析］ under意為"正下方"，而below意為"比……低"，或指"在下游"。如：There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一個(gè)瀑布。)其反義詞為over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表達(dá)語(yǔ)中則要用the example below, 而不要用under.
beside
［誤］ The students stood besides the teacher.
［正］ The students stood beside the teacher.
［誤］ I study English beside Chinese.
［正］ I study English besides Chinese.
［析］ beside意為"在……旁邊"，而besides是"除……以外(還如何)"。
beside、by、near
beside意為"在……旁"，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指"倚、靠"、"沿著"之意，如：She is standing by the window. near多用來(lái)表示兩地間距離不遠(yuǎn)，如：There is a post office near our school.
better
［誤］ You had better to do it at home.
［正］ You had better do it at home.
［誤］ You hadn't better wake me up at six.
［正］ You had better not wake me up at six.
［析］ had better在肯定句中為"應(yīng)該作某事"，其后加不帶to的不定式，而在否定句中應(yīng)用had better+not+動(dòng)詞原形。在簡(jiǎn)答語(yǔ)中had常省略為'd，如：You'd better not. 又如：
Let's go first. No, we'd better not.
between
［誤］ Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.
［正］ Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.
［析］ 兩者之間多用between，三者或三者以上之間則用among.
［誤］ You must choose between this club or that club.
［正］ You must choose between this club and that club.
［析］ 在兩個(gè)之間作出選擇要用between…and…，而不能用between…or….
big
［誤］ There was a big rain last night.
［正］ There was a heavy rain last night.
［析］ 大雨在英語(yǔ)中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.
bit
［誤］ He is a bit fool.
［正］ He is a bit of a fool.
［析］ a bit可以作程度副詞，與a little相同，但它用于名詞前應(yīng)用a bit of, 而用于形容詞前則應(yīng)用a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其簡(jiǎn)答的否定句應(yīng)為Not a bit, (一點(diǎn)兒也不。)又如：
-Do you mind if I open the door?
-Not a bit.
black
［誤］ The children became black after swimming in the sea.
［正］ The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.
［析］ 因太陽(yáng)照曬而皮膚變黑，不應(yīng)用black而應(yīng)用sunburned, sun colour或dark.
［誤］ The girl has black eyes and black
hair
［正］ The girl has dark eyes and black hair.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中black eyes的意思是被打得發(fā)青的眼睛。
［誤］ The Europeans like red tea.
［正］ The Europeans like black tea.
［析］ 紅茶在英文中應(yīng)為black tea. 這種慣用法還有：black and blue(鼻青臉腫，青一塊紫一塊)；blackandwhite(黑白電視片)。go black意為"在失去知覺(jué)時(shí)眼前一片黑暗"；look black意為"情況不妙，前景暗淡"。如：After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and blackandwhite for others.
body
［誤］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.
［正］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.
［析］ 中文常講對(duì)你身體有利，而英文中則講對(duì)你健康有利。
borrow
［誤］ May I lend some books from the library?
［正］ May I borrow some books from the library?
［誤］ How long can I borrow it?
［正］ How long can I keep it?
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中有三個(gè)詞都可譯為"借"，但意義各不相同如："借入"是borrow，其常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)是borrow something from somebody，這是個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞，不可與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend，即借給別人東西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如：Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬間性動(dòng)詞，也不能與延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。keep則是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以和表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，也可與how long等疑問(wèn)詞連用，如：You can keep it for three days.
born (bear的過(guò)去分詞)
［誤］ I born in Shanghai.
［正］ I was born in Shanghai.
［誤］ He was born from Greek parents.
［正］ He was born of Greek parents.
［析］ "出身于……樣的家庭"不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family.
both
［誤］ They both are students.
［正］ They are both students.
［誤］ They refuse both to answer this question.
［正］ They both refuse to answer this question.
［析］ both作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要用在be動(dòng)詞之后實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。
［誤］ I know his both parents.
［正］ I know both his parents.
［誤］ The both brothers were students.
［正］ Both the brothers were students.
［正］ Both brothers were students.
［析］ 當(dāng)both與形容詞性物主代詞my, his, her等以及定冠詞the連用時(shí)，都應(yīng)將這些詞置于both之后。另外，在與定冠詞連用時(shí)the可以省略。
［誤］ Both of my parents are not at home.
［正］ Neither of my parents are at home.
［誤］ Both of your answers are not right.
［正］ Neither of your answers is right.
［正］ Both your answers are wrong.
［析］ both不能用于否定句中作主語(yǔ)。表示"兩者都不"時(shí)要用neither;但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)both與either則都對(duì)，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能將兩本書(shū)全給你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (兩本書(shū)中哪本書(shū)也不能給你。)
bring
［誤］ Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
［正］ Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
［誤］ Next time, please take your little sister here.
［正］ Next time, please bring your little sister here.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中bring是"帶來(lái)"，而take是"帶走"。還有一個(gè)詞fetch, 表示"到某處去把某物取、接回來(lái)"。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.
business
［誤］ My father went to Shanghai for business.
［正］ My father went to Shanghai on business.
［析］ on business出差
busy
［誤］ The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
［正］ The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
［析］ be busy doing something為"忙于作某事"
［誤］ The students were busy for the exam.
［正］ The students were busy with the exam.
［析］ busy直接接名詞時(shí)應(yīng)用with.
but
［誤］ He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.
［正］ He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.
［誤］ She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.
［正］ She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.
［析］ couldn't help其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞，表示情不自禁的動(dòng)作，但couldn't help but后面要加動(dòng)詞原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句應(yīng)譯為"他才真正認(rèn)識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。"
buy
［誤］ I have bought this dictionary for three years.
［正］ I have had this dictionary for three years.
［析］ buy是截止性(即瞬間)動(dòng)詞，它可以有完成時(shí)，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能與表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如要講我這本字典已買(mǎi)了3年了則要用have had這一結(jié)構(gòu)即我擁有這本字典已3年了。
by
［誤］ The boy shot the cat by a gun.
［正］ The boy shot the cat with a gun.
［誤］ He came to school by a taxi this morning.
［正］ He came to school by taxi this morning.
［析］ 作為某種運(yùn)輸手段來(lái)講，by與名詞間不能有冠詞，如：by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠詞或其他修飾詞，則應(yīng)用別的相應(yīng)的介詞，如："我們今天早上是乘他的車(chē)來(lái)的"一句應(yīng)譯為：We came here in his car this morning.與by結(jié)合而成的詞組很多，常用的有：by the way順便說(shuō)說(shuō)；by hand手工制作；by oneself獨(dú)自地；by no means決不。
back
［誤］ I'm sorry. I have to back home.
［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go back home.
［正］ I'm sorry. I have to go home.
［析］ back用作“回到(某處)”之意，不是動(dòng)詞。
be
［誤］ Where do you from?
［正］ Where are you from?
［析］ “你從何處來(lái)”應(yīng)為Where are you from？或Where do you come from？ 但要注意這兩句話(huà)均是問(wèn)對(duì)方從哪個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)的。要是口語(yǔ)中問(wèn)“你是從什么地方來(lái)？”應(yīng)講Where did you come from？回答用I came from the library.
beat
［誤］ We have won your class.
［正］ We have beaten your class.
［正］ We have won the game.
［析］ win是勝過(guò)之意，它是及物動(dòng)詞，但其后的賓語(yǔ)只能接比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金的名稱(chēng)，如：Which team won the football match? 而beat指打敗對(duì)手、敵人……如：My brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的過(guò)去式與原形相同，而過(guò)去分詞為beaten)。
［誤］ The ball beat me badly.
［正］ The ball hit me badly.
［誤］ He used to hit the little boy black and blue.
［正］ He used to beat the little boy black and blue.
［析］ beat指打擊多次，而hit則為擊中對(duì)方的一次性打擊。
beautiful
［誤］ He is a beautiful boy.
［正］ He is a handsome boy.
［析］ 我們可以講She is a beautiful girl. This is a beautiful park. 但要講男人的"英俊"時(shí)要用handsome.
because
［誤］ The reason why I was late is because I was ill.
［正］ The reason why I was late is that I was ill.
［誤］ Because it was Sunday, so the park was crowded.
［正］ Because it was Sunday the park was crowded.
［析］ 這種錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)橹形牡牧?xí)慣與英語(yǔ)的表述法不同，中文常講我來(lái)晚了的原因是因?yàn)槲也×?，而英文中的第二個(gè)因?yàn)橐胻hat代替。又因中文常講因?yàn)椤浴?，而英文中用了因?yàn)榫筒荒茉儆盟粤?，同樣用?所以"也就不要再用"因?yàn)?一詞。例如：Because we study hard, we passed the exam easily. 或者：We study hard so we passed the exam easily.
because、because of
because后要接從句，例如：We like physics because we can learn a lot of new ideas. 而because of后要接名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，如：He is not at school because of the illness.
before
［誤］ We have two hours to kill before we will go home.
［正］ We have two hours to kill before we go home.
［析］ kill time意為"消磨時(shí)光"。
英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如：If it rains we will not go to the park.
［誤］ I did this work two days before.
［正］ I did this work two days ago.
［析］ 用ago組成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)其主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去時(shí)，而before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)其主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用完成時(shí)，如：I has done this work a few days before.
before long、long before
before long是"不久"之意，例如：I shall go to America before long. 而long before則是"很久很久"之意，如：We knew this teacher long before we saw him. (我們?cè)诳吹竭@位老師之前很久就知道他了。)
begin
［誤］ The meeting will begin from Monday.
［正］ The meeting will begin on Monday.
［誤］ The film has begun for ten minutes.
［正］ The film has been on for ten minutes.
［析］ begin是瞬間動(dòng)詞，所以它的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：The film has begun. 這句話(huà)是對(duì)的，即"電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始"。但要講已經(jīng)開(kāi)始10分鐘了則要用has been on即"上演了10分鐘"。
begin、start
begin與start兩詞后面加不定式或動(dòng)名詞都可以，且意思并無(wú)區(qū)別，但在表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)接動(dòng)名詞的用法較多，如：How old wern you when you first started learning English?但這兩個(gè)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中則多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主語(yǔ)是物而不是人，則多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是表達(dá)某種心理狀態(tài)時(shí)，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.
［誤］ They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.
［正］ They study hard in the class from beginning to end.
［析］ from beginning to end是習(xí)慣用法，即自始至終，不要加冠詞，但如單獨(dú)使用則要加冠詞，例如：At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.
behind
［誤］ He missed the class because he was behind the time.
［正］ He missed the class because he was behind time.
［析］ behind time一短語(yǔ)意為"晚了"，而behind the times意為"落后于時(shí)代"。behind是介詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如Come out from behind the door(介詞). He's a long way behind(副詞). He fell behind with his classmates(副詞).
below
［誤］ What's that below the chair.
［正］ What's that under the chair.
［析］ under意為"正下方"，而below意為"比……低"，或指"在下游"。如：There is a fall below the river. (河的下游有一個(gè)瀑布。)其反義詞為over，如：There is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表達(dá)語(yǔ)中則要用the example below, 而不要用under.
beside
［誤］ The students stood besides the teacher.
［正］ The students stood beside the teacher.
［誤］ I study English beside Chinese.
［正］ I study English besides Chinese.
［析］ beside意為"在……旁邊"，而besides是"除……以外(還如何)"。
beside、by、near
beside意為"在……旁"，如：There is a tall tree beside the river. by多指"倚、靠"、"沿著"之意，如：She is standing by the window. near多用來(lái)表示兩地間距離不遠(yuǎn)，如：There is a post office near our school.
better
［誤］ You had better to do it at home.
［正］ You had better do it at home.
［誤］ You hadn't better wake me up at six.
［正］ You had better not wake me up at six.
［析］ had better在肯定句中為"應(yīng)該作某事"，其后加不帶to的不定式，而在否定句中應(yīng)用had better+not+動(dòng)詞原形。在簡(jiǎn)答語(yǔ)中had常省略為'd，如：You'd better not. 又如：
Let's go first. No, we'd better not.
between
［誤］ Among the two trees there is a space of the feet.
［正］ Between the two trees there is a space of the feet.
［析］ 兩者之間多用between，三者或三者以上之間則用among.
［誤］ You must choose between this club or that club.
［正］ You must choose between this club and that club.
［析］ 在兩個(gè)之間作出選擇要用between…and…，而不能用between…or….
big
［誤］ There was a big rain last night.
［正］ There was a heavy rain last night.
［析］ 大雨在英語(yǔ)中只能用a heavy rain而不要用a big rain.
bit
［誤］ He is a bit fool.
［正］ He is a bit of a fool.
［析］ a bit可以作程度副詞，與a little相同，但它用于名詞前應(yīng)用a bit of, 而用于形容詞前則應(yīng)用a bit，如：I'm a bit tired, 而其簡(jiǎn)答的否定句應(yīng)為Not a bit, (一點(diǎn)兒也不。)又如：
-Do you mind if I open the door?
-Not a bit.
black
［誤］ The children became black after swimming in the sea.
［正］ The children became sunburned after swimming in the sea.
［析］ 因太陽(yáng)照曬而皮膚變黑，不應(yīng)用black而應(yīng)用sunburned, sun colour或dark.
［誤］ The girl has black eyes and black
hair
［正］ The girl has dark eyes and black hair.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中black eyes的意思是被打得發(fā)青的眼睛。
［誤］ The Europeans like red tea.
［正］ The Europeans like black tea.
［析］ 紅茶在英文中應(yīng)為black tea. 這種慣用法還有：black and blue(鼻青臉腫，青一塊紫一塊)；blackandwhite(黑白電視片)。go black意為"在失去知覺(jué)時(shí)眼前一片黑暗"；look black意為"情況不妙，前景暗淡"。如：After the fight he was black and blue.On TV, I like colour for something and blackandwhite for others.
body
［誤］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your body.
［正］ Going to bed earlier and getting up earlier is good for your health.
［析］ 中文常講對(duì)你身體有利，而英文中則講對(duì)你健康有利。
borrow
［誤］ May I lend some books from the library?
［正］ May I borrow some books from the library?
［誤］ How long can I borrow it?
［正］ How long can I keep it?
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中有三個(gè)詞都可譯為"借"，但意義各不相同如："借入"是borrow，其常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)是borrow something from somebody，這是個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞，不可與表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：The students want to borrow some books from the library. "借出"用lend，即借給別人東西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.例如：Could you lend us your dictionary?或Could you lend your dictionary to us? 它也是瞬間性動(dòng)詞，也不能與延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。keep則是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，可以和表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，也可與how long等疑問(wèn)詞連用，如：You can keep it for three days.
born (bear的過(guò)去分詞)
［誤］ I born in Shanghai.
［正］ I was born in Shanghai.
［誤］ He was born from Greek parents.
［正］ He was born of Greek parents.
［析］ "出身于……樣的家庭"不要作from而要用of，例如：He was born of a poor family.
both
［誤］ They both are students.
［正］ They are both students.
［誤］ They refuse both to answer this question.
［正］ They both refuse to answer this question.
［析］ both作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要用在be動(dòng)詞之后實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。
［誤］ I know his both parents.
［正］ I know both his parents.
［誤］ The both brothers were students.
［正］ Both the brothers were students.
［正］ Both brothers were students.
［析］ 當(dāng)both與形容詞性物主代詞my, his, her等以及定冠詞the連用時(shí)，都應(yīng)將這些詞置于both之后。另外，在與定冠詞連用時(shí)the可以省略。
［誤］ Both of my parents are not at home.
［正］ Neither of my parents are at home.
［誤］ Both of your answers are not right.
［正］ Neither of your answers is right.
［正］ Both your answers are wrong.
［析］ both不能用于否定句中作主語(yǔ)。表示"兩者都不"時(shí)要用neither;但作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)both與either則都對(duì)，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I cannot give both of the books to you. (我不能將兩本書(shū)全給你。)而I cannot give either of the books to you. (兩本書(shū)中哪本書(shū)也不能給你。)
bring
［誤］ Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
［正］ Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
［誤］ Next time, please take your little sister here.
［正］ Next time, please bring your little sister here.
［析］ 英語(yǔ)中bring是"帶來(lái)"，而take是"帶走"。還有一個(gè)詞fetch, 表示"到某處去把某物取、接回來(lái)"。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.
business
［誤］ My father went to Shanghai for business.
［正］ My father went to Shanghai on business.
［析］ on business出差
busy
［誤］ The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
［正］ The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
［析］ be busy doing something為"忙于作某事"
［誤］ The students were busy for the exam.
［正］ The students were busy with the exam.
［析］ busy直接接名詞時(shí)應(yīng)用with.
but
［誤］ He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.
［正］ He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.
［誤］ She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.
［正］ She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.
［析］ couldn't help其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞，表示情不自禁的動(dòng)作，但couldn't help but后面要加動(dòng)詞原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句應(yīng)譯為"他才真正認(rèn)識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。"
buy
［誤］ I have bought this dictionary for three years.
［正］ I have had this dictionary for three years.
［析］ buy是截止性(即瞬間)動(dòng)詞，它可以有完成時(shí)，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能與表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如要講我這本字典已買(mǎi)了3年了則要用have had這一結(jié)構(gòu)即我擁有這本字典已3年了。
by
［誤］ The boy shot the cat by a gun.
［正］ The boy shot the cat with a gun.
［誤］ He came to school by a taxi this morning.
［正］ He came to school by taxi this morning.
［析］ 作為某種運(yùn)輸手段來(lái)講，by與名詞間不能有冠詞，如：by car, by bike, by air等。如有了冠詞或其他修飾詞，則應(yīng)用別的相應(yīng)的介詞，如："我們今天早上是乘他的車(chē)來(lái)的"一句應(yīng)譯為：We came here in his car this morning.與by結(jié)合而成的詞組很多，常用的有：by the way順便說(shuō)說(shuō)；by hand手工制作；by oneself獨(dú)自地；by no means決不。