一、 ＂There be＂結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句：
1. There are many people like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.
正確表達：
1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.
這兩個例句的錯誤比較有普遍性，因為在歷次考試中有不少考生不能正確運用there be這一最常用的句式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，there是引導詞，沒有實際意義。be在句中作謂語，有時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。
例如：
1. There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)
注意：在否定句中，否定詞用no，也可用not a或not any。not a后接單數(shù)名詞，not a 后接復數(shù)名詞，no后面的名詞單復數(shù)都可以。
2. There is not a moment to be lost.
3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.
4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.
5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history.
從以上例句還可看出，句中的主語后面可接多種修飾語，如介詞短語、不定式短語、定語從句、分詞短語等等。這無疑使該結(jié)構(gòu)增加了表現(xiàn)力，使句子表達內(nèi)容更加豐富。 在運用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時，考生最容易犯的錯誤是在there be之后又用了一個動詞作謂語，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)嚴重錯誤。這里列舉的考生的典型錯誤均屬這種情況，對此我們在寫作中要格外注意。
二、 比較結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句：
1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.
正確表達：
1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.
評議與分析：許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較，但相當多的表達有誤。
在例1中，對兩個事物進行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過去分詞，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，因為B是分詞的邏輯主語，只能被比較。在例2中，考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進行比較，而二者沒有可比性，只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯，很顯然，考生的錯誤是受了漢語表達習慣的影響。
比較結(jié)構(gòu)是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，正確地使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文章的句式增加變化，有利于提高寫作成績。一般說來，考生若能恰當、正確地運用這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其寫作成績應在5分以上。
下面是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些常用的表達方法。
1． 同級比較
1） In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
2） We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2． 比較級
1） Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
2） We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.
3． 級
1） This is the most interesting book I've ever read.
2） Of all his novels I like this one best.
4． the more…the more…結(jié)構(gòu)
1) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.
5． 選擇比較
1) I prefer staying at home to going out.
2) They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.
3) He prefers to work alone.
注意：這里的1）句用的是Prefer A to B結(jié)構(gòu)，to為介詞，后接名詞或動名詞；2）句是以不定式作prefer的賓語；3）句用法同2），只是不把rather than部分表達出來。
6． 對比
1) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
2) He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.
注意：while 和whereas均可用于連接兩個意義對立的分句，相當于漢語的"而"字。許多考生能較好地運用這一句式，尤其在圖表作文中。
考生病句：
1. There are many people like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.
正確表達：
1. There are many people who like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.
這兩個例句的錯誤比較有普遍性，因為在歷次考試中有不少考生不能正確運用there be這一最常用的句式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，there是引導詞，沒有實際意義。be在句中作謂語，有時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。
例如：
1. There was no school in the village at that time. (=there was not a school...)
注意：在否定句中，否定詞用no，也可用not a或not any。not a后接單數(shù)名詞，not a 后接復數(shù)名詞，no后面的名詞單復數(shù)都可以。
2. There is not a moment to be lost.
3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.
4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.
5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history.
從以上例句還可看出，句中的主語后面可接多種修飾語，如介詞短語、不定式短語、定語從句、分詞短語等等。這無疑使該結(jié)構(gòu)增加了表現(xiàn)力，使句子表達內(nèi)容更加豐富。 在運用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時，考生最容易犯的錯誤是在there be之后又用了一個動詞作謂語，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)嚴重錯誤。這里列舉的考生的典型錯誤均屬這種情況，對此我們在寫作中要格外注意。
二、 比較結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句：
1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.
正確表達：
1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.
評議與分析：許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較，但相當多的表達有誤。
在例1中，對兩個事物進行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過去分詞，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，因為B是分詞的邏輯主語，只能被比較。在例2中，考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進行比較，而二者沒有可比性，只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯，很顯然，考生的錯誤是受了漢語表達習慣的影響。
比較結(jié)構(gòu)是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，正確地使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文章的句式增加變化，有利于提高寫作成績。一般說來，考生若能恰當、正確地運用這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其寫作成績應在5分以上。
下面是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些常用的表達方法。
1． 同級比較
1） In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
2） We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2． 比較級
1） Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
2） We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.
3． 級
1） This is the most interesting book I've ever read.
2） Of all his novels I like this one best.
4． the more…the more…結(jié)構(gòu)
1) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.
5． 選擇比較
1) I prefer staying at home to going out.
2) They prefer to work rather than (to) sit idly.
3) He prefers to work alone.
注意：這里的1）句用的是Prefer A to B結(jié)構(gòu)，to為介詞，后接名詞或動名詞；2）句是以不定式作prefer的賓語；3）句用法同2），只是不把rather than部分表達出來。
6． 對比
1) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
2) He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigour.
注意：while 和whereas均可用于連接兩個意義對立的分句，相當于漢語的"而"字。許多考生能較好地運用這一句式，尤其在圖表作文中。