9.3 連詞+分詞(短語)
有時為使分詞短語與主句關系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主語相同。
9.4 分詞作補語
通常在感官動詞和使役動詞之后，如：
I found my car missing. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。
I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語
現(xiàn)在分詞： 表示主動，正在進行
過去分詞： 表示被動，已經(jīng)完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語
其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。
generally speaking 一般說來
talking of (speaking of) 說道
strictly speaking 嚴格的說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動作)
9.7 分詞的時態(tài)
1）與主語動詞同時，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生，且與主語為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2）先于主動詞
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分詞的語態(tài)
1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是給你錢的那個人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2）不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個讀過許多書的人
a much-travelled may 一個去過許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
有時為使分詞短語與主句關系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
waiting 和saw 的主語相同。
9.4 分詞作補語
通常在感官動詞和使役動詞之后，如：
I found my car missing. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。
I’ll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語
現(xiàn)在分詞： 表示主動，正在進行
過去分詞： 表示被動，已經(jīng)完成
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語
其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。
generally speaking 一般說來
talking of (speaking of) 說道
strictly speaking 嚴格的說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來
Judging from his face, he must be ill. 從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的動作)
9.7 分詞的時態(tài)
1）與主語動詞同時，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生，且與主語為主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2）先于主動詞
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分詞的語態(tài)
1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是給你錢的那個人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2）不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個讀過許多書的人
a much-travelled may 一個去過許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴