Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet 2.
21) Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to”, says dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
22) The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark”. By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “people cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’ve doing it.”Says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day.
23) Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.
24) “ In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition”.
25) To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, “short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
解析：
21.近來(lái)的調(diào)查研究表明，大多數(shù)睡眠行為的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為事實(shí)上在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)正流行著一種嗜睡病。
22.睡眠不足的危機(jī)可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前電燈泡的發(fā)明。
23.來(lái)自工作家庭朋友和社區(qū)的壓力一旦增大，很多人就會(huì)將睡眠列為時(shí)間表上最廉價(jià)的一項(xiàng)。
24.在我們的社會(huì)里，如果你說(shuō)你只需要5.5小時(shí)的睡眠，你會(huì)被認(rèn)為是精力充沛的。如果你得睡8.5小時(shí)，你會(huì)被認(rèn)為缺乏干勁和抱負(fù)。
25.為確定睡眠不足得后果，研究員對(duì)被測(cè)者進(jìn)行一系列得心理和表現(xiàn)測(cè)試。例如，要求被試者將幾列數(shù)字相加，或讓他們回憶幾分鐘前讀給他們聽(tīng)的一段文字。
Writing
例文：
Fast Food
Fast food is becoming more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Toaday, its certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace of modern society as powerfully as fast food.
There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goal--saving time.And fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent service, and the guaranteed quality of food.However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not compose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible.
Although cooking at home is time—consuming and the following washing –up tiresome, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn on it once in a while
21) Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to”, says dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
22) The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark”. By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “people cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’ve doing it.”Says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day.
23) Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.
24) “ In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition”.
25) To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David, “short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
解析：
21.近來(lái)的調(diào)查研究表明，大多數(shù)睡眠行為的專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為事實(shí)上在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)正流行著一種嗜睡病。
22.睡眠不足的危機(jī)可以追溯到一個(gè)世紀(jì)以前電燈泡的發(fā)明。
23.來(lái)自工作家庭朋友和社區(qū)的壓力一旦增大，很多人就會(huì)將睡眠列為時(shí)間表上最廉價(jià)的一項(xiàng)。
24.在我們的社會(huì)里，如果你說(shuō)你只需要5.5小時(shí)的睡眠，你會(huì)被認(rèn)為是精力充沛的。如果你得睡8.5小時(shí)，你會(huì)被認(rèn)為缺乏干勁和抱負(fù)。
25.為確定睡眠不足得后果，研究員對(duì)被測(cè)者進(jìn)行一系列得心理和表現(xiàn)測(cè)試。例如，要求被試者將幾列數(shù)字相加，或讓他們回憶幾分鐘前讀給他們聽(tīng)的一段文字。
Writing
例文：
Fast Food
Fast food is becoming more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Toaday, its certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace of modern society as powerfully as fast food.
There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goal--saving time.And fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent service, and the guaranteed quality of food.However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not compose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible.
Although cooking at home is time—consuming and the following washing –up tiresome, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn on it once in a while