Reading Comprehension
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A. B. C or D.
Custom
Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy o f investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplaces. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes no more than an exact and mater-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture and by the time he is grown an able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
1.The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that____.
A.custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior.
B.study of social orders can replace the study of custom.
C.people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook.
D.custom has little to do with our ways of thinking.
2.Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
A.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.
B.Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probing of a group of people.
C.An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.
D.Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
3.The word “custom” in this passage most probably means_____.
A.the concept of the true and the false of a society
B.the independently developed social orders
C.the adjustment of the individual to the social environment
D.the pattern and standards of behavior of a community
4.According to the passage, a person’s life, from his birth to death,____.
A.is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people
B.is predominated by traditional custom
C.is continually influenced by the habits of other communities
D.is chiefly influenced by the people around him
5.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is____.
A.to urge individuals to follow traditional custom
B.to stress the strong influence of custom on a individual
C.to examine the interaction of man and social customs
D.to show man’s adjustment to traditional customs
解析：
1. C
閱讀第一段，我們可以知道：傳統(tǒng)風俗的重要性已經被人們越來越多的忽略了。作者認為傳統(tǒng)風俗的重要性之處在于，它在一個人的經歷和信念的形成中扮演的重要角色以及它的諸多表現(xiàn)形式。人們之所以忽略了風俗的重要性，是因為人們沒有意識到它的重要作用。
2.A
在第二段中，John Dewey 說了這樣一句話the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom is proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. 這句話告訴我們：風俗塑造個人行為時扮演的角色和個人對傳統(tǒng)風俗的影響，與母親帶給家庭的全部詞匯和一個喃喃學語的嬰兒帶給家庭的詞語，是成比例的。也就是說，這兩者帶是可以比較的。作者在文章末尾提到：從一個人出生的那一天起，風俗就在影響著它的經歷和行為，而不是在出生前開始影響的。
3.D
文章末尾有這樣一句話：the life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. 這句話告訴我們：一個人的生活其實是對上一代傳下來的傳統(tǒng)方式和標準的一種調節(jié)適應過程。所以我們可以判斷，本文的風俗指的是社會的行為方式和標準。
4.B
文章末尾有這樣一句話From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior.。一個人從出生到死亡一直被傳統(tǒng)支配著。
5.B
作者在開頭就表明了自己的觀點，現(xiàn)代社會中人們已經淡忘了傳統(tǒng)風俗在形成一個人的世界觀的過程中所扮演的角色。由此，作者寫這篇文章的意圖是強帶你傳統(tǒng)風俗對于個人的影響，以喚起人們對它的重視
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A. B. C or D.
Custom
Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy o f investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplaces. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes no more than an exact and mater-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture and by the time he is grown an able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.
1.The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that____.
A.custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior.
B.study of social orders can replace the study of custom.
C.people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook.
D.custom has little to do with our ways of thinking.
2.Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?
A.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.
B.Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probing of a group of people.
C.An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.
D.Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual.
3.The word “custom” in this passage most probably means_____.
A.the concept of the true and the false of a society
B.the independently developed social orders
C.the adjustment of the individual to the social environment
D.the pattern and standards of behavior of a community
4.According to the passage, a person’s life, from his birth to death,____.
A.is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people
B.is predominated by traditional custom
C.is continually influenced by the habits of other communities
D.is chiefly influenced by the people around him
5.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is____.
A.to urge individuals to follow traditional custom
B.to stress the strong influence of custom on a individual
C.to examine the interaction of man and social customs
D.to show man’s adjustment to traditional customs
解析：
1. C
閱讀第一段，我們可以知道：傳統(tǒng)風俗的重要性已經被人們越來越多的忽略了。作者認為傳統(tǒng)風俗的重要性之處在于，它在一個人的經歷和信念的形成中扮演的重要角色以及它的諸多表現(xiàn)形式。人們之所以忽略了風俗的重要性，是因為人們沒有意識到它的重要作用。
2.A
在第二段中，John Dewey 說了這樣一句話the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom is proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. 這句話告訴我們：風俗塑造個人行為時扮演的角色和個人對傳統(tǒng)風俗的影響，與母親帶給家庭的全部詞匯和一個喃喃學語的嬰兒帶給家庭的詞語，是成比例的。也就是說，這兩者帶是可以比較的。作者在文章末尾提到：從一個人出生的那一天起，風俗就在影響著它的經歷和行為，而不是在出生前開始影響的。
3.D
文章末尾有這樣一句話：the life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. 這句話告訴我們：一個人的生活其實是對上一代傳下來的傳統(tǒng)方式和標準的一種調節(jié)適應過程。所以我們可以判斷，本文的風俗指的是社會的行為方式和標準。
4.B
文章末尾有這樣一句話From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior.。一個人從出生到死亡一直被傳統(tǒng)支配著。
5.B
作者在開頭就表明了自己的觀點，現(xiàn)代社會中人們已經淡忘了傳統(tǒng)風俗在形成一個人的世界觀的過程中所扮演的角色。由此，作者寫這篇文章的意圖是強帶你傳統(tǒng)風俗對于個人的影響，以喚起人們對它的重視