Domestic violence occurs when a family member，partner or ex-partner attempts to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other． The term“intimate partner violence’’(IPV)is often used； synonymously，other terms have included“wife beatin9”，“wife batterin9”，“relationship violence”．“domestic abuse”，“spousal abuse”，and“family violence”with some legal jurisdictions having specific； definitions． Recent attention to domestic violence began in the women，s movement as concern about wives beinG； beaten by their husbands，and has remained a major focus of modern feminism，particularly in terms of“violence against women”． Estimates are that only about a third of cases of domestic violence are actually reported in the US and J UK． In other places where there has been less attention and less support，reported cases would be stil10wer．examda.
Violence OCCURS in all cultures，people of all races，ethnicities，and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence．Domestic violence is perpetrated by，and on，both men and women。 and occurs in same-sex and opposite—sex relationships． examda.
Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country．According to the Centers for Disease Control domestic violence is a serious，preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans，that is more than l0％of the U．S．population．
Domestic violence has many forms，including physical violence，sexual abuse，emotional abuse，intimidation，economic deprivation or threats of violence．There are a number of dimensions：mode：physical，psychological，sexual and／or social frequency：one off，occasional，chronic severity：in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment——transitorv or permanent inj ury--mild，moderate，severe up to homicide Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men’s movement， and particularly men’s rights，there is now some advocacy for men as victims，although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence．
The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found，for example， studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women preponderantlv as victims and men to be more violent，whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale，tends to shOW men and women equally violent．
The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence，thus information on female-on—male(or female-on-female)violence tends to be less available． [412 words]
1．IPV tends to Occu ______
A．when a family member is harmed physicallyexamda.
B．when a family member is hurt psychologically
C．when a family member is dominated by another examda.
D．when one lives together with his／her partner or ex-partner
2．Which of the following statements about the cases of domestic violence is TRUE?
A．There are more cases not reported than reported．
B．There are more cases in the US than in the UK．
C．The cases of violence against wornan are all reported．
D．The reported cases are nothing but violence against women．
3．Aecording to the text，domestic violence______
A．exists in peoples all over the worldexamda.
B．occurs less in same-sex relationship
C．occurs more in opposite-sex relationship
D．depends on races，ethnicities，and religions
4．According to the Centers for Disease Control。domestic violence ______
A．takes on a variety of forms
B．differs from country to country
C．is usually more serious than preventable
D．a(chǎn)ffects not less than 10％of the US population
5．The author asserts that______
A．men are more violent than women examda.
B．men and women are equally violent
C．there is less female-on—female violence
D．both sexes may fall victim to domestic violence 難句透析
①The term“intimate partner violence”(IPV)is often used synonymously，0ther terms have included“wife beating”，“wife battering”，“relationship violence”，“domestic abuse”，“spousal abuse”，and“family violence”[with some legal j urisdictions having specific definitions]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是由兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句。在第二個(gè)分句中，謂語動(dòng)詞“included”后面跟有六個(gè)并列的賓語。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語“with…definitions”補(bǔ)充說明這六個(gè)并列的賓語，其中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語“having specific definitions”是“jurisdictions”的后置定語。examda.
【釋義】“親密伴侶暴力”與此同義，是經(jīng)常使用的一個(gè)術(shù)語。其他術(shù)語還有“打妻”、“虐妻”、“夫妻暴力”、“家庭虐待”、“配偶虐待”和“家庭暴力”等有明確法律司法定義的名詞。
②Recent attention to domestic violence”began in the women’S movement as concern about(wives being beaten by their husbands)]，and has remained a major focus of modern feminism，particularly in terms of“violence against women"．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句主語是“attention”，后面跟有兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞“began”和“has remained”。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語“as concern…”用做狀語，其中“as”的意思是“作為”。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的帶邏輯主語“wives”的動(dòng)名詞短語“be— ing beaten…”是介詞“about”的賓語。 examda.
【釋義】最近對家庭暴力的關(guān)注開始于女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)對丈夫毆打妻子的擔(dān)憂。家庭暴力一直是現(xiàn)代女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，特別使用了“針對女性暴力”這樣的術(shù)語。
③Domestic violence”is perpetrated[by，and on，both men and women]，and”O(jiān)ccurs in same-sex and opposite—sex relationships．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句主語是“Domestic violence”，謂語是由逗號(hào)和“and”連接的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞“is perpetrated”和“oe- curs”。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語是第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞“is perpetrated”的狀語，其中，“both men and women”是兩個(gè)介詞“by，and on”的共同賓語。
【釋義】男性和女性都可能成為家庭暴力的施動(dòng)者和受害者，同性關(guān)系及異性關(guān)系之間也會(huì)發(fā)生家庭暴力。
④Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence[although(with the rise of the men’s movement，and particularly men’s rights)，there is now some advocacy for men as victims]，{although the statistics(concerning the number of male victims(given by them>)are strongly
contested by many groups(active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence))]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】介詞短語“as…violence”是“women”的后置定語。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分“although…violence”是整句主句的讓步狀語從句。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語“with…rights”在這個(gè)大讓步狀語從句中用做狀語。“although the statistics…domestic violence”是這個(gè)大讓步狀語從句中的次一級讓步狀語從句。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的現(xiàn)在分詞短語“concerning……them”是“statistics”的后置定語，其中“them”指“statistics”。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的“active…vi0 lenee”是“groups”的后置定語，其中“the field of domestic violence”是介詞“on”和“in”的共同賓語。
【釋義】人們往往傾向于把女性看做家庭暴力的受害者。然而，隨著男權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)男性權(quán)利，如今有人呼吁把男性看做受害者。不過，倡}義者所提交的家庭暴力男性受害者的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)遭到了很多活躍的家庭暴力研究團(tuán)體的強(qiáng)烈質(zhì)疑。
⑤The means used to measure domestic violence]strongly influence the results[found]，for example，”studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women preponderantly as victims and men to be more violent．whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale。tends to show men and women equally violent．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的過去分詞短語“used t0…violence”是“means”的后置定語。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的過去分詞“found”是“results”的后置定語。“for example”之后是由逗號(hào)和“whereas”連接的兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句。第一個(gè)分句的主語是“studies…and extrap01ations…”，謂語動(dòng)詞是“show”，第二個(gè)分句的主語是“Conflict Tactics Scale”，謂語動(dòng)詞是“tends to show”。
【釋義】評估家庭暴力的方法嚴(yán)重影響所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。例如，對被曝光的家庭暴力所做的研究以及根據(jù)這些研究所做的推斷表明，女性大多是受害者，男性則更暴力。而以普查為基礎(chǔ)的《沖突行為量表》往往表明，男女暴力傾向程度不相上下。全文翻譯
如果一位家庭成員、伴侶或者前伴侶試圖在身體上或者心理上控制或傷害另一方，家庭暴力就發(fā)生了。“親密伴侶暴力”與此同義，是經(jīng)常使用的一個(gè)術(shù)語。其他術(shù)語還有“打妻”、“虐妻”、“夫妻暴力”、“家庭虐待”、“配偶虐待”和“家庭暴力”等有明確法律司法定義的名詞。
最近對家庭暴力的關(guān)注開始于女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)對丈夫毆打妻子的擔(dān)憂。家庭暴力一直是現(xiàn)代女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，特別使用了“針對女性暴力”這樣的術(shù)語。
據(jù)估計(jì)，美國和英國國內(nèi)只有大約三分之一的家庭暴力事件得到曝光。其他對家庭暴力關(guān)注度較低，缺乏支持的地方暴力事件的曝光率可能更低。
任何的文化環(huán)境里都會(huì)出現(xiàn)家庭暴力事件，所有的種族、民族以及宗教都會(huì)出現(xiàn)家庭暴力的兇手。男性和女性都可能成為家庭暴力的施動(dòng)者和受害者，同性關(guān)系及異性關(guān)系之間也會(huì)發(fā)生家庭暴力，考試大。
每個(gè)國家對家庭暴力的意識(shí)以及記錄情況都有所不同。根據(jù)疾病防治中心的記錄，家庭暴力是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重，但可以預(yù)防的公眾健康問題，它對3200萬美國人的生活造成了影響，比全美人口的10％還要多。
嚴(yán)重程度：就心理或者身體傷害以及治療需要而言——短暫性或者永久性的傷害——輕度，中度，傷及性命
人們往往傾向于把女性看做家庭暴力的受害者。然而，隨著男權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)男性權(quán)利，如今有人呼吁把男性看做受害者。不過，倡議者所提交的家庭暴力男性受害者的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)遭到了很多活躍的家庭暴力研究團(tuán)體的強(qiáng)烈質(zhì)疑。
評估家庭暴力的方法嚴(yán)重影響所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。例如，對被曝光的家庭暴力所做的研究以及根據(jù)這些研究所做的推斷表明，女性大多是受害者，男性則更暴力。而以普查為基礎(chǔ)的《沖突行為量表》往往表明，男女暴力傾向程度不相上下。
大多數(shù)的研究都只調(diào)查了男性對女性施暴的情況，這樣就導(dǎo)致了女性對男性(或者女性對女性)施暴的數(shù)據(jù)的缺失。
超綱詞匯
transitory adj．短時(shí)間的
perpetrator n．犯罪者，作惡者
batter vt／vi,接連重?fù)?BR> spousal adj．結(jié)婚的
intimidation n．恐嚇，威嚇，恐嚇罪
chronic adj．慢性的，延續(xù)很長的
homicide n．殺人，殺人者
jurisdiction n．司法權(quán)，裁判權(quán)
extrapolation n．外推(法)，歸納，推論
preponderantly adv．占優(yōu)勢地，較重地，壓倒地
contest vt．爭論，爭辯，競賽，爭奪
ethnicity n．種族劃分
perpetrate vt．作(惡)，犯(罪)，為(非)
參考答案：1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．D
Violence OCCURS in all cultures，people of all races，ethnicities，and religions can be perpetrators of domestic violence．Domestic violence is perpetrated by，and on，both men and women。 and occurs in same-sex and opposite—sex relationships． examda.
Awareness and documentation of domestic violence differs from country to country．According to the Centers for Disease Control domestic violence is a serious，preventable public health problem affecting more than 32 million Americans，that is more than l0％of the U．S．population．
Domestic violence has many forms，including physical violence，sexual abuse，emotional abuse，intimidation，economic deprivation or threats of violence．There are a number of dimensions：mode：physical，psychological，sexual and／or social frequency：one off，occasional，chronic severity：in terms of both psychological or physical harm and the need for treatment——transitorv or permanent inj ury--mild，moderate，severe up to homicide Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence although with the rise of the men’s movement， and particularly men’s rights，there is now some advocacy for men as victims，although the statistics concerning the number of male victims given by them are strongly contested by many groups active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence．
The means used to measure domestic violence strongly influence the results found，for example， studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women preponderantlv as victims and men to be more violent，whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale，tends to shOW men and women equally violent．
The majority of studies investigated male on female domestic violence，thus information on female-on—male(or female-on-female)violence tends to be less available． [412 words]
1．IPV tends to Occu ______
A．when a family member is harmed physicallyexamda.
B．when a family member is hurt psychologically
C．when a family member is dominated by another examda.
D．when one lives together with his／her partner or ex-partner
2．Which of the following statements about the cases of domestic violence is TRUE?
A．There are more cases not reported than reported．
B．There are more cases in the US than in the UK．
C．The cases of violence against wornan are all reported．
D．The reported cases are nothing but violence against women．
3．Aecording to the text，domestic violence______
A．exists in peoples all over the worldexamda.
B．occurs less in same-sex relationship
C．occurs more in opposite-sex relationship
D．depends on races，ethnicities，and religions
4．According to the Centers for Disease Control。domestic violence ______
A．takes on a variety of forms
B．differs from country to country
C．is usually more serious than preventable
D．a(chǎn)ffects not less than 10％of the US population
5．The author asserts that______
A．men are more violent than women examda.
B．men and women are equally violent
C．there is less female-on—female violence
D．both sexes may fall victim to domestic violence 難句透析
①The term“intimate partner violence”(IPV)is often used synonymously，0ther terms have included“wife beating”，“wife battering”，“relationship violence”，“domestic abuse”，“spousal abuse”，and“family violence”[with some legal j urisdictions having specific definitions]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句是由兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句。在第二個(gè)分句中，謂語動(dòng)詞“included”后面跟有六個(gè)并列的賓語。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語“with…definitions”補(bǔ)充說明這六個(gè)并列的賓語，其中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語“having specific definitions”是“jurisdictions”的后置定語。examda.
【釋義】“親密伴侶暴力”與此同義，是經(jīng)常使用的一個(gè)術(shù)語。其他術(shù)語還有“打妻”、“虐妻”、“夫妻暴力”、“家庭虐待”、“配偶虐待”和“家庭暴力”等有明確法律司法定義的名詞。
②Recent attention to domestic violence”began in the women’S movement as concern about(wives being beaten by their husbands)]，and has remained a major focus of modern feminism，particularly in terms of“violence against women"．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句主語是“attention”，后面跟有兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞“began”和“has remained”。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語“as concern…”用做狀語，其中“as”的意思是“作為”。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的帶邏輯主語“wives”的動(dòng)名詞短語“be— ing beaten…”是介詞“about”的賓語。 examda.
【釋義】最近對家庭暴力的關(guān)注開始于女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)對丈夫毆打妻子的擔(dān)憂。家庭暴力一直是現(xiàn)代女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，特別使用了“針對女性暴力”這樣的術(shù)語。
③Domestic violence”is perpetrated[by，and on，both men and women]，and”O(jiān)ccurs in same-sex and opposite—sex relationships．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句主語是“Domestic violence”，謂語是由逗號(hào)和“and”連接的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞“is perpetrated”和“oe- curs”。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語是第一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞“is perpetrated”的狀語，其中，“both men and women”是兩個(gè)介詞“by，and on”的共同賓語。
【釋義】男性和女性都可能成為家庭暴力的施動(dòng)者和受害者，同性關(guān)系及異性關(guān)系之間也會(huì)發(fā)生家庭暴力。
④Popular emphasis has tended to be on women as the victims of domestic violence[although(with the rise of the men’s movement，and particularly men’s rights)，there is now some advocacy for men as victims]，{although the statistics(concerning the number of male victims(given by them>)are strongly
contested by many groups(active in research on or working in the field of domestic violence))]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】介詞短語“as…violence”是“women”的后置定語。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分“although…violence”是整句主句的讓步狀語從句。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的介詞短語“with…rights”在這個(gè)大讓步狀語從句中用做狀語。“although the statistics…domestic violence”是這個(gè)大讓步狀語從句中的次一級讓步狀語從句。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的現(xiàn)在分詞短語“concerning……them”是“statistics”的后置定語，其中“them”指“statistics”。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的“active…vi0 lenee”是“groups”的后置定語，其中“the field of domestic violence”是介詞“on”和“in”的共同賓語。
【釋義】人們往往傾向于把女性看做家庭暴力的受害者。然而，隨著男權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)男性權(quán)利，如今有人呼吁把男性看做受害者。不過，倡}義者所提交的家庭暴力男性受害者的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)遭到了很多活躍的家庭暴力研究團(tuán)體的強(qiáng)烈質(zhì)疑。
⑤The means used to measure domestic violence]strongly influence the results[found]，for example，”studies of reported domestic violence and extrapolations of those studies show women preponderantly as victims and men to be more violent．whereas the survey based Conflict Tactics Scale。tends to show men and women equally violent．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的過去分詞短語“used t0…violence”是“means”的后置定語。方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的過去分詞“found”是“results”的后置定語。“for example”之后是由逗號(hào)和“whereas”連接的兩個(gè)分句組成的并列句。第一個(gè)分句的主語是“studies…and extrap01ations…”，謂語動(dòng)詞是“show”，第二個(gè)分句的主語是“Conflict Tactics Scale”，謂語動(dòng)詞是“tends to show”。
【釋義】評估家庭暴力的方法嚴(yán)重影響所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。例如，對被曝光的家庭暴力所做的研究以及根據(jù)這些研究所做的推斷表明，女性大多是受害者，男性則更暴力。而以普查為基礎(chǔ)的《沖突行為量表》往往表明，男女暴力傾向程度不相上下。全文翻譯
如果一位家庭成員、伴侶或者前伴侶試圖在身體上或者心理上控制或傷害另一方，家庭暴力就發(fā)生了。“親密伴侶暴力”與此同義，是經(jīng)常使用的一個(gè)術(shù)語。其他術(shù)語還有“打妻”、“虐妻”、“夫妻暴力”、“家庭虐待”、“配偶虐待”和“家庭暴力”等有明確法律司法定義的名詞。
最近對家庭暴力的關(guān)注開始于女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)對丈夫毆打妻子的擔(dān)憂。家庭暴力一直是現(xiàn)代女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，特別使用了“針對女性暴力”這樣的術(shù)語。
據(jù)估計(jì)，美國和英國國內(nèi)只有大約三分之一的家庭暴力事件得到曝光。其他對家庭暴力關(guān)注度較低，缺乏支持的地方暴力事件的曝光率可能更低。
任何的文化環(huán)境里都會(huì)出現(xiàn)家庭暴力事件，所有的種族、民族以及宗教都會(huì)出現(xiàn)家庭暴力的兇手。男性和女性都可能成為家庭暴力的施動(dòng)者和受害者，同性關(guān)系及異性關(guān)系之間也會(huì)發(fā)生家庭暴力，考試大。
每個(gè)國家對家庭暴力的意識(shí)以及記錄情況都有所不同。根據(jù)疾病防治中心的記錄，家庭暴力是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重，但可以預(yù)防的公眾健康問題，它對3200萬美國人的生活造成了影響，比全美人口的10％還要多。
嚴(yán)重程度：就心理或者身體傷害以及治療需要而言——短暫性或者永久性的傷害——輕度，中度，傷及性命
人們往往傾向于把女性看做家庭暴力的受害者。然而，隨著男權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的興起，特別強(qiáng)調(diào)男性權(quán)利，如今有人呼吁把男性看做受害者。不過，倡議者所提交的家庭暴力男性受害者的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)遭到了很多活躍的家庭暴力研究團(tuán)體的強(qiáng)烈質(zhì)疑。
評估家庭暴力的方法嚴(yán)重影響所發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。例如，對被曝光的家庭暴力所做的研究以及根據(jù)這些研究所做的推斷表明，女性大多是受害者，男性則更暴力。而以普查為基礎(chǔ)的《沖突行為量表》往往表明，男女暴力傾向程度不相上下。
大多數(shù)的研究都只調(diào)查了男性對女性施暴的情況，這樣就導(dǎo)致了女性對男性(或者女性對女性)施暴的數(shù)據(jù)的缺失。
超綱詞匯
transitory adj．短時(shí)間的
perpetrator n．犯罪者，作惡者
batter vt／vi,接連重?fù)?BR> spousal adj．結(jié)婚的
intimidation n．恐嚇，威嚇，恐嚇罪
chronic adj．慢性的，延續(xù)很長的
homicide n．殺人，殺人者
jurisdiction n．司法權(quán)，裁判權(quán)
extrapolation n．外推(法)，歸納，推論
preponderantly adv．占優(yōu)勢地，較重地，壓倒地
contest vt．爭論，爭辯，競賽，爭奪
ethnicity n．種族劃分
perpetrate vt．作(惡)，犯(罪)，為(非)
參考答案：1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．D