【英譯漢】
(1)Ever since the mid 1980s, when OPEC’s attempts to keep the oil price high collapsed in the face of rising supply,only w ar has been potent enough to lift the price back to the levels of the l970s．Thedifference today from the last era of high prices，says Tom Collina，of 20／20 Vision，an environmentalist group，is that oil producers are pumping as fast as they can，but cannot keep pace with demand． examda.
The robust economic growth of America，coupled with industrial revolutions in China and India，has helped to ensure a very different market for energy．(2)The world got used to relying on spare capacity of a few million b／d in Saudi Arabia that could always cap price spikes in an emergency(it did just that in the first Gulf war and again d—uring an oil-workers’strike in Venezuela in 2003)．But demand has 8teadily eaten awav reserves and investment has failed to keep up． In the tight markets for energy since 2004’ some identified a fear premium0f$1015 a barrel reflecting the threat of lost supply．Even slowez demand grclwth in 2005 did little to lower prices．examda.
(3)The tightness of capacity extends into refining and gas supply, leaving consumers vulnerable to any external shocks--such as the two hurricanes, Katrina and Rita, which hit the Gulf of Mexico in the autumn. The hurricanes put a dozen oil refineries accounting for 16% of US capacity temporarily out of action. American refining fell to its lowest level since March 1987, according to Petroleum Economist. The price of petrol rose above $ 3 a gallon a level shockingly high to Americans, cheap as it might seem to Japanese or Europeans. Democrats accused the oil companies of price gouging, while Republicans argued for an easing of environmental laws restricting oil drilling and refinery building. examda.
All this makes it a producers’ world, which no one has exploited as gleefully as Hugo Chdvez. Venezuela’s president has always believed in oil as a tool of geopolitics, to be used against American"imperialism". In 2004 he unilaterally raised the royalties on super-heavy crude production in the Orinoco belt from 1% to 16.6%--and may yet increase it to 30%. In 2005 he increased the tax rate paid by the foreign oil companies from 34% to 50%, and then hit them with huge bills for unpaid "back taxes".(4)The latest of his measures was to insist on the 22 foreign companies operating service contracts to switch, by December 31st 2005, to joint-ventures, in which the government would hold the lion’s share. All but Exxon Mobil eventually did so. examda.
Strangely, perhaps, consumers can learn a comforting lesson from all this. For all his mischief- making, even a populist like Mr Chdvez has never looked like cutting supplies to what Venezuela calls its"fundamental market" in America. America would notice a cut in Venezuelan supplies, which normally account for about 12-13% of its imports. But it could always buy oil on the world market. Venezuela would be worse hit. (5)It would be hard-pressed to find other markets for about half of its production, especially since most of its crude is high in sulphur and unsuitable for most refineries. [528 words]
超綱詞匯
gleefully adv．愉快地
gouge v．詐騙，敲竹杠
hard—pressed adj．處于困境的，面臨困難的
populist n．乎民主義者
potent adj．(政治上)強有力的
spike峰值【參考譯文】
(1)20世紀(jì)80年代中期，由于石油供給增多，石油輸出國組織試圖保持高油價的努力以失敗告終。從那時起，只有 戰(zhàn)爭才有足夠的力量把油價提升到70年代的水平。
(2)世界習(xí)慣于依賴沙特阿拉伯每天幾百萬桶的額外供油能力。在緊急時，總能抑制住價格峰值(在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭時， 就起到了這個作用。在2003年委內(nèi)瑞拉石油工人罷工時，又一次起了作用)。
(3)產(chǎn)能緊張延伸到石油精煉和汽油供應(yīng)，使消費者經(jīng)受不起任何外來的沖擊，比如，去年秋天襲擊墨西哥灣的兩 次颶風(fēng)，卡特里娜和麗塔，所造成的沖擊。
(4)雨果·查維茲總統(tǒng)采取最新措施，堅持在2005年12月31日以前把22家外國公司控股的服務(wù)業(yè)合同轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?合資，其中，政府要享有份額。除?？松梨诠就?，其他公司最終都照辦了。
(5)委內(nèi)瑞拉生產(chǎn)的石油，大約有一半難以找到其他市場。特別是由于其大部分原油中硫的含量過高，不適合大多 數(shù)石油精煉廠。
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Ever since the mid一1980s，when OPEC’s attempts to keep the oil price high collapsed in the face of rising supply]。only war has been potent enough to lift the price back to the levels of the 1970s．
(2)The world got used to relying on spare capacity of a few million b／d in Saudi Arabia[that could always cap price spikes in an emergency(it did just that in the first Gulf war and again during an oil workers’strike in Venezue a in 2003)]．
(3)The tightness of capacity extends into refining and gas supply，[1eaving consumers vulnerable to any external shocks--such as the two hurricanes，Katrina and Rita，(which hit the Gulf of Mexico in the autumn)．
(4)The latest of his measures was to insist on the 22 foreign companies operating service contracts to switch，by December 31st 2005，to jointventures，[in which the government would hold the lion’s share]．All but Exxon Mobil eventually did s0．
(5)It would be hard-pressed[to find other markets for about half of its production]，especially[since most of it scrude is high in sulphur and unsuitable for most refineries]．
全文翻譯
(1)20世紀(jì)80年代中期，由于石油供給增多，石油輸出國組織試圖保持高油價的努力以失敗告終。從那時起，只有戰(zhàn)爭才有足夠的力量把油價提升到70年代的水平。今天油價再次走高卻與從前有著很大的不同，根據(jù)環(huán)保組織20／20視界的湯姆·克里納的說法，“產(chǎn)油國已經(jīng)開足馬力進行生產(chǎn)，但仍然不能夠跟上需求增長的步伐。”
美國經(jīng)濟的活躍發(fā)展，再加上中國和印度的工業(yè)革命，都確保了一個與以前截然不同的能源市場狀況。(2)世界習(xí)慣于依賴沙特阿拉伯每天幾百萬桶的額外供油能力。在緊急時，總能抑制住價格峰值(在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭時，就起到了這個作用。在2003年委內(nèi)瑞拉石油工人罷工時，又一次起了作用)。但是平穩(wěn)增長的需求仍在不斷消耗原油儲備，對新能源開發(fā)的投資也沒有跟上步伐。自2004年能源市場供貨緊缺以來，就有人預(yù)計因為供給不力所帶來的威脅將會造成每桶原油10一15美金的“擔(dān)憂加價”。即使2005年需求增速放緩也沒能有效降低油價。
(3)產(chǎn)能緊張延伸到石油精煉和汽油供應(yīng)，使消費者經(jīng)受不起任何外來的沖擊，比如，去年秋天襲擊墨西哥灣的兩次颶風(fēng)，卡特里娜和麗塔，所造成的沖擊。由于颶風(fēng)的侵襲，占美國市場16％的煉油廠被臨時中止生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)《石油經(jīng)濟學(xué)者》的說法，美國當(dāng)時的煉油量降到了自1987年以來的最低值。石油價格每加侖上漲3美元還多——盡管在日本和歐洲看來這個價格還很低，但是對美國人而言已經(jīng)是出奇的高了。民主黨人指責(zé)石油公司們在搞價格欺詐，而共和黨人則督促放寬限制開采石油和建立煉油廠的相關(guān)法規(guī)。
這些情況都使得世界市場倒向生產(chǎn)者一方，世界上再沒有像雨果·查維茲這樣的人盡情地利用了這一大好時機了。委內(nèi)瑞拉的總統(tǒng)一直以來都將石油作為地緣政治斗爭中的一種工具，用于對抗美國的“帝國主義”。2004年，他單方面將奧里諾科地帶的超重原油開采稅由1％提升至16．6％——而且很有可能繼續(xù)提升到30％。2005年，他又將對外資石油企業(yè)的征稅額度由34％提高到50％，隨后還向這些公司開出高額賬單，以征收他們的“滯后稅金”。(4)雨果·查維茲總統(tǒng)采取最新措施，堅持在2005年12月31日以前把22家外國公司控股的服務(wù)業(yè)合同轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹腺Y，其中，政府要享有份額。除?？松梨诠就?，其他公司最終都照辦了。
令人奇怪的是，消費者們可以從這些事情中獲得一些欣慰的消息。盡管他耍盡各種手段，哪怕就像查維茲這樣一個平民主義者也從未想要對委內(nèi)瑞拉稱為“基礎(chǔ)市場”的美國中斷石油供應(yīng)。美國當(dāng)然會注意到委內(nèi)瑞拉是否減少了石油供應(yīng)，因為這占到其進口量的12—13％。但他仍然能從世界市場上購得原油。受傷更重的只會是委內(nèi)瑞拉。(5)委內(nèi)瑞拉生產(chǎn)的石油，大約有一半難以找到其他市場，特別是由于其大部分原油中硫的含量過高，不適合大多數(shù)石油精煉廠。
(1)Ever since the mid 1980s, when OPEC’s attempts to keep the oil price high collapsed in the face of rising supply,only w ar has been potent enough to lift the price back to the levels of the l970s．Thedifference today from the last era of high prices，says Tom Collina，of 20／20 Vision，an environmentalist group，is that oil producers are pumping as fast as they can，but cannot keep pace with demand． examda.
The robust economic growth of America，coupled with industrial revolutions in China and India，has helped to ensure a very different market for energy．(2)The world got used to relying on spare capacity of a few million b／d in Saudi Arabia that could always cap price spikes in an emergency(it did just that in the first Gulf war and again d—uring an oil-workers’strike in Venezuela in 2003)．But demand has 8teadily eaten awav reserves and investment has failed to keep up． In the tight markets for energy since 2004’ some identified a fear premium0f$1015 a barrel reflecting the threat of lost supply．Even slowez demand grclwth in 2005 did little to lower prices．examda.
(3)The tightness of capacity extends into refining and gas supply, leaving consumers vulnerable to any external shocks--such as the two hurricanes, Katrina and Rita, which hit the Gulf of Mexico in the autumn. The hurricanes put a dozen oil refineries accounting for 16% of US capacity temporarily out of action. American refining fell to its lowest level since March 1987, according to Petroleum Economist. The price of petrol rose above $ 3 a gallon a level shockingly high to Americans, cheap as it might seem to Japanese or Europeans. Democrats accused the oil companies of price gouging, while Republicans argued for an easing of environmental laws restricting oil drilling and refinery building. examda.
All this makes it a producers’ world, which no one has exploited as gleefully as Hugo Chdvez. Venezuela’s president has always believed in oil as a tool of geopolitics, to be used against American"imperialism". In 2004 he unilaterally raised the royalties on super-heavy crude production in the Orinoco belt from 1% to 16.6%--and may yet increase it to 30%. In 2005 he increased the tax rate paid by the foreign oil companies from 34% to 50%, and then hit them with huge bills for unpaid "back taxes".(4)The latest of his measures was to insist on the 22 foreign companies operating service contracts to switch, by December 31st 2005, to joint-ventures, in which the government would hold the lion’s share. All but Exxon Mobil eventually did so. examda.
Strangely, perhaps, consumers can learn a comforting lesson from all this. For all his mischief- making, even a populist like Mr Chdvez has never looked like cutting supplies to what Venezuela calls its"fundamental market" in America. America would notice a cut in Venezuelan supplies, which normally account for about 12-13% of its imports. But it could always buy oil on the world market. Venezuela would be worse hit. (5)It would be hard-pressed to find other markets for about half of its production, especially since most of its crude is high in sulphur and unsuitable for most refineries. [528 words]
超綱詞匯
gleefully adv．愉快地
gouge v．詐騙，敲竹杠
hard—pressed adj．處于困境的，面臨困難的
populist n．乎民主義者
potent adj．(政治上)強有力的
spike峰值【參考譯文】
(1)20世紀(jì)80年代中期，由于石油供給增多，石油輸出國組織試圖保持高油價的努力以失敗告終。從那時起，只有 戰(zhàn)爭才有足夠的力量把油價提升到70年代的水平。
(2)世界習(xí)慣于依賴沙特阿拉伯每天幾百萬桶的額外供油能力。在緊急時，總能抑制住價格峰值(在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭時， 就起到了這個作用。在2003年委內(nèi)瑞拉石油工人罷工時，又一次起了作用)。
(3)產(chǎn)能緊張延伸到石油精煉和汽油供應(yīng)，使消費者經(jīng)受不起任何外來的沖擊，比如，去年秋天襲擊墨西哥灣的兩 次颶風(fēng)，卡特里娜和麗塔，所造成的沖擊。
(4)雨果·查維茲總統(tǒng)采取最新措施，堅持在2005年12月31日以前把22家外國公司控股的服務(wù)業(yè)合同轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?合資，其中，政府要享有份額。除?？松梨诠就?，其他公司最終都照辦了。
(5)委內(nèi)瑞拉生產(chǎn)的石油，大約有一半難以找到其他市場。特別是由于其大部分原油中硫的含量過高，不適合大多 數(shù)石油精煉廠。
【句結(jié)構(gòu)解析】
(1)Ever since the mid一1980s，when OPEC’s attempts to keep the oil price high collapsed in the face of rising supply]。only war has been potent enough to lift the price back to the levels of the 1970s．
(2)The world got used to relying on spare capacity of a few million b／d in Saudi Arabia[that could always cap price spikes in an emergency(it did just that in the first Gulf war and again during an oil workers’strike in Venezue a in 2003)]．
(3)The tightness of capacity extends into refining and gas supply，[1eaving consumers vulnerable to any external shocks--such as the two hurricanes，Katrina and Rita，(which hit the Gulf of Mexico in the autumn)．
(4)The latest of his measures was to insist on the 22 foreign companies operating service contracts to switch，by December 31st 2005，to jointventures，[in which the government would hold the lion’s share]．All but Exxon Mobil eventually did s0．
(5)It would be hard-pressed[to find other markets for about half of its production]，especially[since most of it scrude is high in sulphur and unsuitable for most refineries]．
全文翻譯
(1)20世紀(jì)80年代中期，由于石油供給增多，石油輸出國組織試圖保持高油價的努力以失敗告終。從那時起，只有戰(zhàn)爭才有足夠的力量把油價提升到70年代的水平。今天油價再次走高卻與從前有著很大的不同，根據(jù)環(huán)保組織20／20視界的湯姆·克里納的說法，“產(chǎn)油國已經(jīng)開足馬力進行生產(chǎn)，但仍然不能夠跟上需求增長的步伐。”
美國經(jīng)濟的活躍發(fā)展，再加上中國和印度的工業(yè)革命，都確保了一個與以前截然不同的能源市場狀況。(2)世界習(xí)慣于依賴沙特阿拉伯每天幾百萬桶的額外供油能力。在緊急時，總能抑制住價格峰值(在第一次海灣戰(zhàn)爭時，就起到了這個作用。在2003年委內(nèi)瑞拉石油工人罷工時，又一次起了作用)。但是平穩(wěn)增長的需求仍在不斷消耗原油儲備，對新能源開發(fā)的投資也沒有跟上步伐。自2004年能源市場供貨緊缺以來，就有人預(yù)計因為供給不力所帶來的威脅將會造成每桶原油10一15美金的“擔(dān)憂加價”。即使2005年需求增速放緩也沒能有效降低油價。
(3)產(chǎn)能緊張延伸到石油精煉和汽油供應(yīng)，使消費者經(jīng)受不起任何外來的沖擊，比如，去年秋天襲擊墨西哥灣的兩次颶風(fēng)，卡特里娜和麗塔，所造成的沖擊。由于颶風(fēng)的侵襲，占美國市場16％的煉油廠被臨時中止生產(chǎn)。根據(jù)《石油經(jīng)濟學(xué)者》的說法，美國當(dāng)時的煉油量降到了自1987年以來的最低值。石油價格每加侖上漲3美元還多——盡管在日本和歐洲看來這個價格還很低，但是對美國人而言已經(jīng)是出奇的高了。民主黨人指責(zé)石油公司們在搞價格欺詐，而共和黨人則督促放寬限制開采石油和建立煉油廠的相關(guān)法規(guī)。
這些情況都使得世界市場倒向生產(chǎn)者一方，世界上再沒有像雨果·查維茲這樣的人盡情地利用了這一大好時機了。委內(nèi)瑞拉的總統(tǒng)一直以來都將石油作為地緣政治斗爭中的一種工具，用于對抗美國的“帝國主義”。2004年，他單方面將奧里諾科地帶的超重原油開采稅由1％提升至16．6％——而且很有可能繼續(xù)提升到30％。2005年，他又將對外資石油企業(yè)的征稅額度由34％提高到50％，隨后還向這些公司開出高額賬單，以征收他們的“滯后稅金”。(4)雨果·查維茲總統(tǒng)采取最新措施，堅持在2005年12月31日以前把22家外國公司控股的服務(wù)業(yè)合同轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹腺Y，其中，政府要享有份額。除?？松梨诠就?，其他公司最終都照辦了。
令人奇怪的是，消費者們可以從這些事情中獲得一些欣慰的消息。盡管他耍盡各種手段，哪怕就像查維茲這樣一個平民主義者也從未想要對委內(nèi)瑞拉稱為“基礎(chǔ)市場”的美國中斷石油供應(yīng)。美國當(dāng)然會注意到委內(nèi)瑞拉是否減少了石油供應(yīng)，因為這占到其進口量的12—13％。但他仍然能從世界市場上購得原油。受傷更重的只會是委內(nèi)瑞拉。(5)委內(nèi)瑞拉生產(chǎn)的石油，大約有一半難以找到其他市場，特別是由于其大部分原油中硫的含量過高，不適合大多數(shù)石油精煉廠。