TEXT C The conflict between good and evil is a common theme running through the great literature and drama of the world, from the time of ancient Greeks to all the present. The principle that conflict is the heart of dramatic action when illustrated by concrete examples, almost always turn up some aspect of the struggle between good and evil. The idea that there is neither good not evil —— in any absolute moral or religious sense —— is widespread in our times. There are various relativistic and behaviorist standards of ethics. If these standards even admit the distinction between good and evil, it is as a relative matter and not as whirlwind of choices that lies at the center of living. In any such state of mind, conflict can at best, be only a petty matter, lacking true university. The acts of the evildoer and of the virtuous man alike become dramatically neutralized. Imagine the reduced effect of Crime and Punishment or the Brothers Karamazoc had Dostoevsky thought that good and evil, as portrayed in those books, were wholly relative, and if he had had no conviction about them. You cant have a vital literature if you ignore or shun evil. What you get then is the world of Pollyanna, goody-goody in place of the good. Cry, The Beloved Country is a great and dramatic novel because Alan Paton, in addition to being a skilled workman, sees with clear eyes both good and evil, differentiates them, pitches them into conflict with each other, and takes sides. He sees that the native boy Absalom Kumalo, who has murdered, cannot be judged justly without taking into account the environment that has had part in shaping him. But Paton sees, too, that Absalom the individual, not society the abstraction, committed the act and is responsible for it. Mr. Paton understand mercy. He knows that this precious thing is not evoked by sentimental impulse, but by a searching examination of the realities of human action. Mercy follows a judgment; it does not precede it. One of the novels by the talented Paul Bowles, Let It Down is full of motion, full of sensational depravities, and is a crashing bore. The book recognizes no good, admits no evil, and is coldly indifferent to the moral behavior of its characters. It is a long shrug. Such a view of life is non-dramatic and negates the vital essence of drama.
44. In our age, according to the author, a standpoint often taken in the area of ethics is the ____
A) relativistic view of morals.
B) greater concern with religion.
C) emphasis on evil.
D) greater concern with universals.
45. The author believes that in great literature, as in life, food ad evil are ____
A) relative terms.
B) to be ignored.
C) constantly in conflict.
D) dramatically neutralized.
46. When the author uses the expression "it is a long shrug" in referring to Bowles's book, he is commenting on the ____
A) length of the novel.
B) indifference to the moral behavior of the characters.
C) monotony of the story.
D) sensational depravities of the book.
47. In the opinion of the author, Cry, The Beloved country is a great and dramatic novel because of Paton's ____
A) insight into human behavior.
B) behavioristic beliefs.
C) treatment of good and evil as abstractions.
D) willingness to make moral judgments.
TEXT D Although Boud and I had fought and quarreled unceasingly throughout childhood, by the time she was eighteen and I was fifteen we had, surprisingly, become good friends. Boud had grown from a giant-sized schoolgirl into a huge and rather alarming debutante. She was generally out to shock, and in this she succeeded. I applauded her outrages, roared when she stole some writing paper from Buckingham Palace and wrote to all her friends on it, cheered when she took her pet rat to dances. But she was bored and restless. She was casting about for something more exciting, more intriguing than the London season offered —— something forbidden by our parents. Dianas house seemed like a good beginning, for we had been forbidden to visit her when, after a few years of marriage, she and Bryan were divorced. We had been excluded from the dreadful row that followed their separation; we knew only that unutterable shame and disgrace had been brought by Diana on the family. Needless to say, this only made Diana more glamorous in our eyes. Bound began to visit Diana and at her house she met Sir Oswald Mosley, whom Diana later married. Mosleys career had led him through the Conservative Party, the Labor Party and the New Party, a venture that had lasted only a year despite backing by the Daily Mail. He was now busily engaged in organizing the British Union of Fascists, which Boud immediately joined. "Dont you long to join too, Decca? Its such fun," she begged, waving her brand new black shirt at me. "Shouldnt think of it. I hate the beastly Fascists. If you are going to be one, Im going to be a Communist, so there!" In fact, this declaration was something more than a mere automatic taking of opposite sides to Boud. The little I knew about the Fascists repelled me. I took out a subscription to the Daily Worker, bought volumes of Communist literature and literature I supposed to be Communist, put up some home-made hammer and sickle flags and bought a small bust of Lenin for a shilling in a second-hand shop. My Communist library was catholic indeed, and many of the authors would no doubt have been amazed to find themselves included. It included not only works by Lenin Stalin but also by Bertrand Russell, the Webbs and George Bernard Shaw. The result of all this was that I greatly increased my knowledge of modern English literature and progressive thought. We divided our room down the middle, and each decorated her own side with flags and photographs, sometimes having pitched battles with books and records until Nanny came in to tell us to stop the noise. Yet, once, we teamed up in our own version of the United Front; we each stole five founds from the Conservative father to send to our respective parties.
48. When her sister shocked people, the author was ____
A) horrified and told her to stop.
B) jealous of her sister's anger and theft.
C) an approving and encouraging audience.
D) very anxious to do the same sort of thing.
49. The author decided to be a Communist because she ____
A) only wanted to annoy her sister, who had joined the Fascists.
B) was already fully in sympathy with revolutionary view.
C) did not like what little she knew about Fascism.
D) already felt a sympathy with its ideas and was now pushed into declaring them.
50. The two sisters ____
A) hated each other because they disagreed on politics.
B) still fought often but had moments of forgetting politics.
C) came to physical blows over their different politics.
D) submerged their personal differences in their political quarrels.
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? A. The founding of Congress. B. The congressional process of making laws. C. The division of power in Congress. D. The factors involved in the election of congressional members. Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. The constitutional requirements for holding congressional office in the United States are few and simple. They include age (twenty-five years of age for the House of Representatives, Thirty for the Senate); citizenship (seven years for the House, nine years for the Senate); and residency in the state from which the officeholder is elected. Thus, the constitutional gateways to congressional office holding are fairly wide. Even these minimal requirements, however, sometimes arouse controversy. During the 1960s and 1970s, when people of the post-Second War "baby boom" reached maturity and the Twenty-sixth Amendment (permitting eighteen year olds to vote) was ratified, unsuccessful efforts were made to lower the eligible age for senators and representatives. Because of Americas geographic mobility, residency sometimes is an issue. Voters normally prefer candidates with long-standing ties to their states of districts. In his 1978 reelection campaign, for instance, Texas Senator John Tower effectively accused his opponent, Representative Robert Krueger, of having spent most of his life "overseas or in the East" studying or teaching —— a charge taken seriously in Texas. Well-known candidates sometimes succeed without such ties. New York voters elected to the Senate Robert F. Kennedy (1965-1968) and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1977) even though each had spent much of his life elsewhere. While members of the House of Representatives are not bound to live in the district from which they are elected, most do so prior to their election. In the seat, the "one person, one vote" rule does not apply. Article I of the Constitution assures each state, regardless of population, two Senate seats, and Article V guarantees that this equal representation cannot be taken away without the states consent. The founders stipulated that senators be designed by their respective state legislatures rather than by the voters themselves. Thus, the Senate was designed to add stability, wisdom, and forbearance to the action of the popularly elected House. This distinction between the two houses was eroded by the Seventeenth Amendment (1913), which provided for the direct population election of senators.
51. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A) The founding of Congress.
B) The congressional process of making laws.
C) The division of power in Congress.
D) The factors involved in the election of congressional members.
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. A Long Flight. B. Women in Aviation History. C. Dangers Faced by Pilots. D. Women Spectators. Now go though TEXT F quickly and answer question 52. The sooner had the first intrepid male aviator safely returned to Earth, it seemed that women, too, were smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so, they enlarged the traditional bounds of a womens world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation. But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to friend "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne —— herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation —— was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force. Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet compete they did, and often they triumphed dandily despite the odds. Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1918, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just for the love of accomplishment."
52. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A) A Long Flight.
B) Women in Aviation History.
C) Dangers Faced by Pilots.
D) Women Spectators.
TEXT G First read the following question. 53. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Bees communicate with each other by dancing. B. Animals have internal steering devices. C. The Sun is necessary for animal navigation. D. The Earths magnetic fields guide pigeons home. Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 53. Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some steer by the position of the Sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the Sun as their guide during the day, and then switch to star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guide in finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from insects to mollusks, can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course very useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to magnetic compass when clouds cover the Sun; otherwise it would just have to land and wait for the Sun to come out again. Even with the Sun or stars to steer by, the problems of navigation are more complicated than they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee that has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the hive to report. A naturist has discovered that the bee scout delivers her report through a complicated dance in the hive, in which she tells the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in relation to the Sun. But the Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start out to gather the food, the Sun may already have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the Sun will seems to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bees seem to have no trouble at all in finding the food source. Their inner clocks tell them just where the Sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.
53. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Bees communicate with each other by dancing.
B) Animals have internal steering devices.
C) The Sun is necessary for animal navigation.
D) The Earth's magnetic fields guide pigeons home.
44. In our age, according to the author, a standpoint often taken in the area of ethics is the ____
A) relativistic view of morals.
B) greater concern with religion.
C) emphasis on evil.
D) greater concern with universals.
45. The author believes that in great literature, as in life, food ad evil are ____
A) relative terms.
B) to be ignored.
C) constantly in conflict.
D) dramatically neutralized.
46. When the author uses the expression "it is a long shrug" in referring to Bowles's book, he is commenting on the ____
A) length of the novel.
B) indifference to the moral behavior of the characters.
C) monotony of the story.
D) sensational depravities of the book.
47. In the opinion of the author, Cry, The Beloved country is a great and dramatic novel because of Paton's ____
A) insight into human behavior.
B) behavioristic beliefs.
C) treatment of good and evil as abstractions.
D) willingness to make moral judgments.
TEXT D Although Boud and I had fought and quarreled unceasingly throughout childhood, by the time she was eighteen and I was fifteen we had, surprisingly, become good friends. Boud had grown from a giant-sized schoolgirl into a huge and rather alarming debutante. She was generally out to shock, and in this she succeeded. I applauded her outrages, roared when she stole some writing paper from Buckingham Palace and wrote to all her friends on it, cheered when she took her pet rat to dances. But she was bored and restless. She was casting about for something more exciting, more intriguing than the London season offered —— something forbidden by our parents. Dianas house seemed like a good beginning, for we had been forbidden to visit her when, after a few years of marriage, she and Bryan were divorced. We had been excluded from the dreadful row that followed their separation; we knew only that unutterable shame and disgrace had been brought by Diana on the family. Needless to say, this only made Diana more glamorous in our eyes. Bound began to visit Diana and at her house she met Sir Oswald Mosley, whom Diana later married. Mosleys career had led him through the Conservative Party, the Labor Party and the New Party, a venture that had lasted only a year despite backing by the Daily Mail. He was now busily engaged in organizing the British Union of Fascists, which Boud immediately joined. "Dont you long to join too, Decca? Its such fun," she begged, waving her brand new black shirt at me. "Shouldnt think of it. I hate the beastly Fascists. If you are going to be one, Im going to be a Communist, so there!" In fact, this declaration was something more than a mere automatic taking of opposite sides to Boud. The little I knew about the Fascists repelled me. I took out a subscription to the Daily Worker, bought volumes of Communist literature and literature I supposed to be Communist, put up some home-made hammer and sickle flags and bought a small bust of Lenin for a shilling in a second-hand shop. My Communist library was catholic indeed, and many of the authors would no doubt have been amazed to find themselves included. It included not only works by Lenin Stalin but also by Bertrand Russell, the Webbs and George Bernard Shaw. The result of all this was that I greatly increased my knowledge of modern English literature and progressive thought. We divided our room down the middle, and each decorated her own side with flags and photographs, sometimes having pitched battles with books and records until Nanny came in to tell us to stop the noise. Yet, once, we teamed up in our own version of the United Front; we each stole five founds from the Conservative father to send to our respective parties.
48. When her sister shocked people, the author was ____
A) horrified and told her to stop.
B) jealous of her sister's anger and theft.
C) an approving and encouraging audience.
D) very anxious to do the same sort of thing.
49. The author decided to be a Communist because she ____
A) only wanted to annoy her sister, who had joined the Fascists.
B) was already fully in sympathy with revolutionary view.
C) did not like what little she knew about Fascism.
D) already felt a sympathy with its ideas and was now pushed into declaring them.
50. The two sisters ____
A) hated each other because they disagreed on politics.
B) still fought often but had moments of forgetting politics.
C) came to physical blows over their different politics.
D) submerged their personal differences in their political quarrels.
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? A. The founding of Congress. B. The congressional process of making laws. C. The division of power in Congress. D. The factors involved in the election of congressional members. Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. The constitutional requirements for holding congressional office in the United States are few and simple. They include age (twenty-five years of age for the House of Representatives, Thirty for the Senate); citizenship (seven years for the House, nine years for the Senate); and residency in the state from which the officeholder is elected. Thus, the constitutional gateways to congressional office holding are fairly wide. Even these minimal requirements, however, sometimes arouse controversy. During the 1960s and 1970s, when people of the post-Second War "baby boom" reached maturity and the Twenty-sixth Amendment (permitting eighteen year olds to vote) was ratified, unsuccessful efforts were made to lower the eligible age for senators and representatives. Because of Americas geographic mobility, residency sometimes is an issue. Voters normally prefer candidates with long-standing ties to their states of districts. In his 1978 reelection campaign, for instance, Texas Senator John Tower effectively accused his opponent, Representative Robert Krueger, of having spent most of his life "overseas or in the East" studying or teaching —— a charge taken seriously in Texas. Well-known candidates sometimes succeed without such ties. New York voters elected to the Senate Robert F. Kennedy (1965-1968) and Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1977) even though each had spent much of his life elsewhere. While members of the House of Representatives are not bound to live in the district from which they are elected, most do so prior to their election. In the seat, the "one person, one vote" rule does not apply. Article I of the Constitution assures each state, regardless of population, two Senate seats, and Article V guarantees that this equal representation cannot be taken away without the states consent. The founders stipulated that senators be designed by their respective state legislatures rather than by the voters themselves. Thus, the Senate was designed to add stability, wisdom, and forbearance to the action of the popularly elected House. This distinction between the two houses was eroded by the Seventeenth Amendment (1913), which provided for the direct population election of senators.
51. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
A) The founding of Congress.
B) The congressional process of making laws.
C) The division of power in Congress.
D) The factors involved in the election of congressional members.
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. A Long Flight. B. Women in Aviation History. C. Dangers Faced by Pilots. D. Women Spectators. Now go though TEXT F quickly and answer question 52. The sooner had the first intrepid male aviator safely returned to Earth, it seemed that women, too, were smitten by an urge to fly. From mere spectators they became willing passengers and finally pilots in their own right, plotting their skills and daring line against the hazards of the air and the skepticism of their male counterparts. In doing so, they enlarged the traditional bounds of a womens world, won for their sex a new sense of competence and achievement, and contributed handsomely to the progress of aviation. But recognition of their abilities did not come easily. "Men do not believe us capable." the famed aviator Amelia Earhart once remarked to friend "Because we are women, seldom are we trusted to do an efficient job." Indeed old attitudes died hard: when Charles Lindbergh visited the Soviet Union in 1938 with his wife, Anne —— herself a pilot and gifted proponent of aviation —— was astonished to discover both men and women flying in the Soviet Air Force. Such conventional wisdom made it difficult for women to raise money for the up-to-date equipment they needed to compete on an equal basis with men. Yet compete they did, and often they triumphed dandily despite the odds. Ruth Law, whose 590-mile flight from Chicago to Hornell, New York, set a new nonstop distance record in 1918, exemplified the resourcefulness and grit demanded of any woman who wanted to fly. And when she addressed the Aero club of America after completing her historic journey, her plainspoken words testified to a universal human motivation that was unaffected by gender: "My flight was done with no expectation of reward," she declared, "just for the love of accomplishment."
52. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A) A Long Flight.
B) Women in Aviation History.
C) Dangers Faced by Pilots.
D) Women Spectators.
TEXT G First read the following question. 53. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Bees communicate with each other by dancing. B. Animals have internal steering devices. C. The Sun is necessary for animal navigation. D. The Earths magnetic fields guide pigeons home. Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 53. Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some steer by the position of the Sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the Sun as their guide during the day, and then switch to star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guide in finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from insects to mollusks, can also make use of magnetic compasses. It is of course very useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to magnetic compass when clouds cover the Sun; otherwise it would just have to land and wait for the Sun to come out again. Even with the Sun or stars to steer by, the problems of navigation are more complicated than they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee that has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the hive to report. A naturist has discovered that the bee scout delivers her report through a complicated dance in the hive, in which she tells the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in relation to the Sun. But the Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start out to gather the food, the Sun may already have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trips during the day, the Sun will seems to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bees seem to have no trouble at all in finding the food source. Their inner clocks tell them just where the Sun will be, and they change their course correspondingly.
53. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Bees communicate with each other by dancing.
B) Animals have internal steering devices.
C) The Sun is necessary for animal navigation.
D) The Earth's magnetic fields guide pigeons home.