TEST C Not often in the story of mankind does a man arrive on earth who is both steel and velvet, who is as hard as rock and soft as drifting fog, who knows in his heart and mind the paradox of terrible storm and peace unspeakable and perfect. Here and there across centuries come reports of men alleged to have these contrasts and the incomparable Abraham Lincoln, born 150 years ago this day, is an approach if not a perfect realization of this character. In the time of the April lilacs in the year 1865, Lincolns death, the casket with his body was carried northwest a thousand miles and the American people wept as never before. During the four years he was President, he at times, especially in the first three months, took to himself the powers of a dictator. He commanded the most powerful armies then assembled in modern warfare. He enforced and cruised conscription of soldiers for the first time in American history. And under imperative necessity, he abolished the writ of habeas corpus. He directed politically and spiritually the wild, massive turbulent forces let loose in Civil War, a war truly as time has shown, of brothers. He argued and pleaded for compensated emancipation of the slaves. The slaves were property. They were on the tax books along with horses and cattle, the valuation of each slave written next to his name on the tax assessors books. And failing to get action of compensated emancipation; he took the only other course. As a Chief Executive having war powers he issued the paper by which he declared the slaves to be free under military. People, people in many other countries take Lincoln now for their own. He belongs to them. He stands for decency, honest dealing, plain talk and funny stories. Look where he came from, dont you know he was a struggler and wasnt he a kind of tough struggler? All his life right up to the finish. Something like that you can hear in a nearby neighborhood and across the seas. Millions there are who take Lincoln as a personal treasure. He had something they would like to see spread everywhere all over the world. Democracy we cant find the words to say exactly what it is, but he had it. In his blood and bones he carried it. In the breath of his speeches and writings it is there. Popular government, republican institutions government where the people had the say so, one way or another telling there elected leaders what they want. He had the idea, he embodied it. Its there in the lights and shadows of his personality. A mystery that can be lived but never fully spoken in words. Today, when we say perhaps that well assured and most enduring memory onto Lincoln is invisibly there today tomorrow and for a long long time yet to com. It is there in the hearts of the lovers of liberty. Men and women this country has always had them in crises. Men and women who understand that wherever there is freedom, there have been those who have fought, toiled and sacrificed for it. I thank you.
43. What does the author suggest as far as Abraham Lincoln's characteristics are concerned?
A) indefinable peace
B) admirable perfect
C) paradox of extremes
D) stern but approachable
44. Why do millions of people take Lincoln as a personal treasure?
A) He embodies decency, honest dealing, plain talk and a lot of other admirable qualities.
B) He is the kind of tough strugglers whom common people respect and love.
C) He stands for democracy.
D) all of the above.
45. Which of the following statement can Not be deduced from this passage?
A) He declared to free the slaves when he was a Chief Executive.
B) He persistently carried out ideas in his mind.
C) He is beloved as the embodiment of freedom and democracy.
D) Though admired by people, he took high-handed measures as a dictator.
TEXT D Lets Help Eliminate Workplace Anger "How many of you have been angry at least once today？" asked the conductor of an anger-management seminar. According to an article The New York Times, most of those in the room raised their hands." The fact is," the seminar leader continued," people get angry an average of 10 to 14 times a day. But anger is especially endemic to work. If you have a jib, youre guaranteed to get angry." Up would have gone my hand, had I been in the room and heard that last mark. And I would have respectfully disagreed. Although some statistics indicate that the number of on-the-job flare-ups has increased in recent years, to hold onto the nation that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductive. It leaves one with the impression that any efforts to remain even-tempered at work are, at best, only a bandit. Anger-management experts do offer a few common-sense guidelines to minimize work related anger: dont let it fester; dont look for snubs in what are purely innocent incidents; dont get caught up in other peoples gripes; if you start to lose control, take a break. I would add, pray. Instead of sitting there fuming over some encounter, why not use the time to listen for Gods thoughts, his messages to you? To be sure, they will snuff out the heat of anger and bring calmness, clarity, and healing. "For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the Lord, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end" Better still, one can act preemptively to prevent a volatile atmosphere on the job. A good start is to consider that the people we work with —— whether its the person at the desk across from ours or the president of the company —— are not what we see on the surface. If we take it for granted that our coworkers are so many individuals composed merely of an assortment of physical and emotional characteristics, then our overall expectations on the job, as well as our concern for the well-being of those we work with, are limited. But our true nature isnt the sum of material and sometimes fiery emotional elements. Each one of us is Gods child. Everyones true selfhood comes from this one source —— God, divine Spirit —— and is therefore purely good and spiritual. "Man (including woman) is the offspring, not of the lowest, but of the highest qualities of Mind," wrote Mary Baker Eddy, author of "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures". This divine Mind, or God, is expressing in each of us these "highest qualities" as our real nature, respectfully and loving, and revealing our actual relation to one another as sons and daughters of God. What we should be counting on at work, then, or anywhere else where people come into contact with one another, is an atmosphere in which everyone feels upheld by Gods thoughts of peace. In this atmosphere, solid relationships develop and solution appear even in situations where it was believed that none were possible. So, instead of bracing for a showdown with a fellow worker, you can arrive at work filled with the conviction that you and your colleagues, clients, and customers are all inherently good-natured —— God-natured —— the offspring of a totally loving creator. Youre certain to have higher expectations, more compassion, more patience. A real peacemaker attitude. This is doing more than managing work-related anger. This is helping to eliminating it.
46. What does the sentence "But anger id especially endemic to work" in the fist paragraph mean?
A) anger for sure would cause harm to one's work.
B) anger is as inevitable in workplace as indispositions to a person.
C) anger can threaten one's position in a workplace.
D) anger is like an indisposition, it is unavoidable but insignificant.
47. What's the meaning of the first sentence in the second paragraph "Up would have gone my hand"?
A) would have raised my hand.
B) would have vetoed the proposal by raising my hand.
C) would have strongly opposed to the view.
D) would have disagreed aired my own view.
48. What guidelines do the anger-management experts offer to subside workplace anger?
A) calm down and try to solve the problem.
B) take a breath begin to lose control.
C) divert your attention to pleasant things.
D) all of the above.
49. What does the author of "Science and Heath" try to convey readers in the book?
A) man is created by God with divine qualities.
B) human beings' real nature is as respectful as God.
C) we are all offspring of God, our relationship with others are that of brotherhood or sisterhood, so there's no reason for conflicts.
D) all of the above points.
50. what's the main idea of this passage?
A) we should spare no efforts to eliminate workplace anger.
B) pray can help minimize work-related anger.
C) the Christian atmosphere in which everyone feels as equal sons and daughters of God should be advocated to reduce work-place anger.
D) among various solution to workplace anger, resorting to peace by virtue of Christian belief is most efficient.
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. The purpose of this passage is to _____ A. enunciate the impact of both climate change and policies on different interest groups. B. explore the reason for divergent attitudes towards the environmental issue. C. depict the picture of the present international environmental and economic situation. D. explain the interaction between environment and economy. Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 31. The Plants Players Both climate change and policies to minimize its effects have enormous environmental implications. The costs of climate change will vary widely from country to country. Developed countries are responsible for over two thirds of past emissions and some 75 percent of current emissions, but they are best positioned to protect themselves from damage. Developing countries tend to have low per capita emissions, are in great need of economic development and more vulnerable to climate-change impacts. These difference have helped to shape the position that Government take in international talks. The key players are: The European Union: In general, EU supported binding targets and timetable for emissions reduction. Other countries did not agree. The European Union also supported allowing countries to adhere to joint targets. This now affects the internal discussion between the EUS poorer members, who argue for higher emissions quotas within any future overall EU target, and the richer members, who would have to reduce their emissions further to compensate for this. The Jusscanz countries —— the non —— EU developed-countries —— including Japan, the United States, Switzerland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Norway. The non-European members of this group tend to share a concern for a more "flexible" approach to limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Despite what has been called the "creative ambiguity" of the final text, it is almost universally interpreted as committing developed countries to make a sincere effort to return their greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 level by 2000. When the Clinton Administration came into office in 1993, it softened the United States line and explicitly announced the United States intension to pursue stabilization. Countries with economies in transition. The industrialized countries of Central and East Europe and the former Soviet Union are significant emitters of greenhouse gases. However, due to the economic slump following 1990 levels through 2000. Afterwards, however, their economies and emissions levels are expected to revive. The group of 77 and China. Developing countries work through the Group of to develop common positions on emission-reduction commitments and financial and technological transfers. However, the G77 does not always present a united front, owing to the widely differing of its members. For example, China and other enormous coal resources that vital to their economic development. African countries tend to focus on vulnerability and impacts. Many of the Asian economic "tigers" have concerns about the possibility of being the next in line for emissions reduction targets. Countries with large forestry sectors and sensitive to the implications of developing forests as carbon "sinks". The association of small island states. They are particularly vulnerable to the risk of sea-level rise and therefore strongly support rapid action to reduce emissions. The organization of petroleum exporting countries. OPEC members tend to be concerned about the likely impact on their economies if other countries reduce their use of oil. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and others have emphasized the existence of scientific, uncertainty and argued that the process should move forward cautiously. Business. The first business groups to attend talks as observers represented energy-intensive firms concerned about the negative economic implications. More recently, other business sectors have started to follow the process more closely, including the insurance sector, which sees itself as vulnerable to increased storms and other possible climate change impacts, and clean energy firms that see market opportunities. Environmentalists, Green groups have been active in the climate change arena since the very beginning. Many are active in lobbying delegates and the media and produce newsletters during international meetings. The majority are from developed countries, although constant efforts are made to promote the participation of more nongovernmental organizations from developing countries. Local authorities. Many cities around the world have launched climate change plans that are even more ambitious than their than those of their national Governments. Urban governments are critically important because of their role in managing energy utilities, public transport and other emissions-producing activities of the public sector. Mayors and other urban leaders joined together in an association to present their views at related meeting.
51. The purpose of this passage is to _____
A) enunciate the impact of both climate change and policies on different interest groups.
B) explore the reason for divergent attitudes towards the environmental issue.
C) depict the picture of the present international environmental and economic situation.
D) explain the interaction between environment and economy.
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. Quite probably the following passage is from ____ A. an article in a scholarly magazine. B. a doctoral dissertation. C. a literature review on Austen. D. an autobiography. 53. What does Austens self-effacing anonymity suggest according to the authors remark? A. It suggests Austens introvert character. B. It shows her polite manners. C. It hints at her rejection of the outside world. D. It hints at her pretension. Now go through Text F quickly to answer question 32 and 33. Jane Austen Not a few of Jane Austens personal acquaintances might have echoed Sir Samual Egerton Brydges, who noticed that "she was fair and handsome, slight and elegant, but with cheeks a little too full," while "never suspecting she was an authoress." For this novelist whose personal obscurity was more than that of any other famous writer was always quickly to insist either on complete anonymity or on the propriety of her limited craft, her delight in delineating just "3 or 4 families in a country village". With her self-deprecatory remarks about her inability to join "strong manly, spirited sketches, full of Variety and Glow" with her "little bit (two inches wide) of Ivory", Jane Austen perpetuated the belief among her friends that her art was just an accomplishment "by a lady", if anything "rather too light and bright and sparkling". In this respect she resembled one of her favorite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have "glide through the world unknown " than been "suspected of literary airs —— to be shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other! —— my dear. I would sooner exhibit as a ropedancer." Yet, decorous though they might first seem, Austens self-effacing anonymity and her modest description of her miniaturist art also imply a criticism, even rejection, of the world at large. For, as Gaston Bachelard explains, the miniature "allows us to be world conscious at slight risk". While the creators of satirically conceived diminutive landscapes seem to see everything as small because they are themselves so grand, Austens analogy for her art metaphorically, as her critics would too, in relation to female arts severely devalued until quite recently (for painting on ivory was traditionally a "ladylike" occupation), Austen attempted through self-imposed novelistic limitations to define a secure place, even as she seemed to admit the impossibility of actual inhabiting such a small apace with any degree of comfort. And always, for Austen, it is women because they are too vulnerable in the world at large —— who must acquiesce in their own confinement, no matter how stifling it may be.
52. Quite probably the following passage is from ____
A) an article in a scholarly magazine.
B) a doctoral dissertation.
C) a literature review on Austen.
D) an autobiography.
53. What does Austen's self-effacing anonymity suggest according to the author's remark?
A) It suggests Austen's introvert character.
B) It shows her polite manners.
C) It hints at her rejection of the outside world.
D) It hints at her pretension.
TEXT G First read the question. 54. The purpose of this article is to _____ A. make an advertisement for the new Underwater World Aquarium in Beijing. B. introduce the new aquarium in Beijing. C. introduce aquariums around the world. D. briefly describe the origin and the development of aquariums. Now go though Text G to answer question 34. A Talk Through A World Underwater In Beijing The new Underwater World Aquarium in Being uses the latest technology to enable visitors to walk though the tanks under the water, and view the fish without getting wet. The US 11 million (RMB 91 million) project enables visitors to see thousands of tropical fish swimming around and over them in their natural habitat, unfazed by the hundreds of human eyes watching them. The shell to house the saltwater aquarium has been constructed under an artificial lake in the suburbs of Beijing by the New Zealand company Richina Pacific which has also bought the rights to operate the aquarium. The opening was planned for late 1997. What New Zealand marine engineer/designer Ian Mellsop calls "the age of aquariums" has come to Beijing after being tested in major aquariums around the world. The technology for the heavy wrap-around acrylic viewing tunnel was developed for Kelly Tarltons Underwater World in Auckland, New Zealand. It has since been used in aquarium in Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Scotland and now in China. Mellsop says the acrylic tunnel technology opened the way for visitors to walk through an undersea world, rather than simply watching from behind flat panels. It was born, not from some "eureka-like" design discovery, but from Mellsops ever practical drive to reduce costs. The tunnel idea was not new. Straight tunnels had been around since the early 1980s. They were employed in the United States the year before Kelly Tarltons Underwater World opened, with horizontal panels forming the tunnel and a moving walkway carrying visitors down the middle of this tunnel. Kelly Tarltons Underwater World was conceived as an aquarium using straight tunnels, with concrete junction boxes to link them. But Mellsop had found a way to "bend" two-meter diameter concrete pipes and gluing them. Mellsop did some pricing and experimenting and discovered it would be feasible and cheaper to cut and join the acrylic panels themselves, and to use the acrylic pipe itself to turn corners, rather than simply leading the pipe into concrete junction boxes which would act as corners. In using this new method, Mellsop found the idea that would take the aquarium world by storm. "We realized we could make the tunnel meander wherever we wanted it to on the ocean floor," he says. The challenge was to get the tunnel the right size: too and viewers would lose the effect of being underwater; too tight and it would distort the undersea world and create a claustrophobic effect. "We still think that what we did back then is optimal," says Mellsop, referring to the tanks and tunnels under Aucklands Tamaki Drive. Reducing the cost of aquariums created a big for these educational and entertainment centres and counties began to demand aquariums for themselves. Aquariums had once been the preserve of public authorities because of throe huge cost, but they now became viable as paying attractions run by private operators. Instead of the 100 million or so that it was costing to build the big Japanese and American aquariums, because an acrylic tunnel is stronger than a flat panel, requiring less plastic, less concrete, less engineering, as well as providing a much closer experience of undersea life. Although the tunnel have not changed much, there have been advances in other areas, says Mellsop, notably in the life support systems for the marine life. He cites the companys Ellesmere Port Underwater World in Beijing as a good example of cutting-edge aquarium technology. It will be the largest aquarium in the UK "and I hope the best in the world". His most novel assignment was the building of a small aquarium for the Sultan of Brunei. It was situated in a night club at the Royal Brunei Polo Club guest house number four. There seems no end to the possibilities. Mellsop likens aquariums to zoos, with the potential for at least one in every major city in the world. The zoo analogy fits the visitor profile for underwater world: all ages, all types of people. "To heck with virtual reality," says Mellsop," Weve got actual reality, real fish and people just love it."
54. The purpose of this article is to _____
A) make an advertisement for the new Underwater World Aquarium in Beijing.
B) introduce the new aquarium in Beijing.
C) introduce aquariums around the world.
D) briefly describe the origin and the development of aquariums.
43. What does the author suggest as far as Abraham Lincoln's characteristics are concerned?
A) indefinable peace
B) admirable perfect
C) paradox of extremes
D) stern but approachable
44. Why do millions of people take Lincoln as a personal treasure?
A) He embodies decency, honest dealing, plain talk and a lot of other admirable qualities.
B) He is the kind of tough strugglers whom common people respect and love.
C) He stands for democracy.
D) all of the above.
45. Which of the following statement can Not be deduced from this passage?
A) He declared to free the slaves when he was a Chief Executive.
B) He persistently carried out ideas in his mind.
C) He is beloved as the embodiment of freedom and democracy.
D) Though admired by people, he took high-handed measures as a dictator.
TEXT D Lets Help Eliminate Workplace Anger "How many of you have been angry at least once today？" asked the conductor of an anger-management seminar. According to an article The New York Times, most of those in the room raised their hands." The fact is," the seminar leader continued," people get angry an average of 10 to 14 times a day. But anger is especially endemic to work. If you have a jib, youre guaranteed to get angry." Up would have gone my hand, had I been in the room and heard that last mark. And I would have respectfully disagreed. Although some statistics indicate that the number of on-the-job flare-ups has increased in recent years, to hold onto the nation that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductive. It leaves one with the impression that any efforts to remain even-tempered at work are, at best, only a bandit. Anger-management experts do offer a few common-sense guidelines to minimize work related anger: dont let it fester; dont look for snubs in what are purely innocent incidents; dont get caught up in other peoples gripes; if you start to lose control, take a break. I would add, pray. Instead of sitting there fuming over some encounter, why not use the time to listen for Gods thoughts, his messages to you? To be sure, they will snuff out the heat of anger and bring calmness, clarity, and healing. "For I know the thoughts that I think toward you, saith the Lord, thoughts of peace, and not of evil, to give you an expected end" Better still, one can act preemptively to prevent a volatile atmosphere on the job. A good start is to consider that the people we work with —— whether its the person at the desk across from ours or the president of the company —— are not what we see on the surface. If we take it for granted that our coworkers are so many individuals composed merely of an assortment of physical and emotional characteristics, then our overall expectations on the job, as well as our concern for the well-being of those we work with, are limited. But our true nature isnt the sum of material and sometimes fiery emotional elements. Each one of us is Gods child. Everyones true selfhood comes from this one source —— God, divine Spirit —— and is therefore purely good and spiritual. "Man (including woman) is the offspring, not of the lowest, but of the highest qualities of Mind," wrote Mary Baker Eddy, author of "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures". This divine Mind, or God, is expressing in each of us these "highest qualities" as our real nature, respectfully and loving, and revealing our actual relation to one another as sons and daughters of God. What we should be counting on at work, then, or anywhere else where people come into contact with one another, is an atmosphere in which everyone feels upheld by Gods thoughts of peace. In this atmosphere, solid relationships develop and solution appear even in situations where it was believed that none were possible. So, instead of bracing for a showdown with a fellow worker, you can arrive at work filled with the conviction that you and your colleagues, clients, and customers are all inherently good-natured —— God-natured —— the offspring of a totally loving creator. Youre certain to have higher expectations, more compassion, more patience. A real peacemaker attitude. This is doing more than managing work-related anger. This is helping to eliminating it.
46. What does the sentence "But anger id especially endemic to work" in the fist paragraph mean?
A) anger for sure would cause harm to one's work.
B) anger is as inevitable in workplace as indispositions to a person.
C) anger can threaten one's position in a workplace.
D) anger is like an indisposition, it is unavoidable but insignificant.
47. What's the meaning of the first sentence in the second paragraph "Up would have gone my hand"?
A) would have raised my hand.
B) would have vetoed the proposal by raising my hand.
C) would have strongly opposed to the view.
D) would have disagreed aired my own view.
48. What guidelines do the anger-management experts offer to subside workplace anger?
A) calm down and try to solve the problem.
B) take a breath begin to lose control.
C) divert your attention to pleasant things.
D) all of the above.
49. What does the author of "Science and Heath" try to convey readers in the book?
A) man is created by God with divine qualities.
B) human beings' real nature is as respectful as God.
C) we are all offspring of God, our relationship with others are that of brotherhood or sisterhood, so there's no reason for conflicts.
D) all of the above points.
50. what's the main idea of this passage?
A) we should spare no efforts to eliminate workplace anger.
B) pray can help minimize work-related anger.
C) the Christian atmosphere in which everyone feels as equal sons and daughters of God should be advocated to reduce work-place anger.
D) among various solution to workplace anger, resorting to peace by virtue of Christian belief is most efficient.
SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. The purpose of this passage is to _____ A. enunciate the impact of both climate change and policies on different interest groups. B. explore the reason for divergent attitudes towards the environmental issue. C. depict the picture of the present international environmental and economic situation. D. explain the interaction between environment and economy. Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 31. The Plants Players Both climate change and policies to minimize its effects have enormous environmental implications. The costs of climate change will vary widely from country to country. Developed countries are responsible for over two thirds of past emissions and some 75 percent of current emissions, but they are best positioned to protect themselves from damage. Developing countries tend to have low per capita emissions, are in great need of economic development and more vulnerable to climate-change impacts. These difference have helped to shape the position that Government take in international talks. The key players are: The European Union: In general, EU supported binding targets and timetable for emissions reduction. Other countries did not agree. The European Union also supported allowing countries to adhere to joint targets. This now affects the internal discussion between the EUS poorer members, who argue for higher emissions quotas within any future overall EU target, and the richer members, who would have to reduce their emissions further to compensate for this. The Jusscanz countries —— the non —— EU developed-countries —— including Japan, the United States, Switzerland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Norway. The non-European members of this group tend to share a concern for a more "flexible" approach to limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Despite what has been called the "creative ambiguity" of the final text, it is almost universally interpreted as committing developed countries to make a sincere effort to return their greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 level by 2000. When the Clinton Administration came into office in 1993, it softened the United States line and explicitly announced the United States intension to pursue stabilization. Countries with economies in transition. The industrialized countries of Central and East Europe and the former Soviet Union are significant emitters of greenhouse gases. However, due to the economic slump following 1990 levels through 2000. Afterwards, however, their economies and emissions levels are expected to revive. The group of 77 and China. Developing countries work through the Group of to develop common positions on emission-reduction commitments and financial and technological transfers. However, the G77 does not always present a united front, owing to the widely differing of its members. For example, China and other enormous coal resources that vital to their economic development. African countries tend to focus on vulnerability and impacts. Many of the Asian economic "tigers" have concerns about the possibility of being the next in line for emissions reduction targets. Countries with large forestry sectors and sensitive to the implications of developing forests as carbon "sinks". The association of small island states. They are particularly vulnerable to the risk of sea-level rise and therefore strongly support rapid action to reduce emissions. The organization of petroleum exporting countries. OPEC members tend to be concerned about the likely impact on their economies if other countries reduce their use of oil. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and others have emphasized the existence of scientific, uncertainty and argued that the process should move forward cautiously. Business. The first business groups to attend talks as observers represented energy-intensive firms concerned about the negative economic implications. More recently, other business sectors have started to follow the process more closely, including the insurance sector, which sees itself as vulnerable to increased storms and other possible climate change impacts, and clean energy firms that see market opportunities. Environmentalists, Green groups have been active in the climate change arena since the very beginning. Many are active in lobbying delegates and the media and produce newsletters during international meetings. The majority are from developed countries, although constant efforts are made to promote the participation of more nongovernmental organizations from developing countries. Local authorities. Many cities around the world have launched climate change plans that are even more ambitious than their than those of their national Governments. Urban governments are critically important because of their role in managing energy utilities, public transport and other emissions-producing activities of the public sector. Mayors and other urban leaders joined together in an association to present their views at related meeting.
51. The purpose of this passage is to _____
A) enunciate the impact of both climate change and policies on different interest groups.
B) explore the reason for divergent attitudes towards the environmental issue.
C) depict the picture of the present international environmental and economic situation.
D) explain the interaction between environment and economy.
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. Quite probably the following passage is from ____ A. an article in a scholarly magazine. B. a doctoral dissertation. C. a literature review on Austen. D. an autobiography. 53. What does Austens self-effacing anonymity suggest according to the authors remark? A. It suggests Austens introvert character. B. It shows her polite manners. C. It hints at her rejection of the outside world. D. It hints at her pretension. Now go through Text F quickly to answer question 32 and 33. Jane Austen Not a few of Jane Austens personal acquaintances might have echoed Sir Samual Egerton Brydges, who noticed that "she was fair and handsome, slight and elegant, but with cheeks a little too full," while "never suspecting she was an authoress." For this novelist whose personal obscurity was more than that of any other famous writer was always quickly to insist either on complete anonymity or on the propriety of her limited craft, her delight in delineating just "3 or 4 families in a country village". With her self-deprecatory remarks about her inability to join "strong manly, spirited sketches, full of Variety and Glow" with her "little bit (two inches wide) of Ivory", Jane Austen perpetuated the belief among her friends that her art was just an accomplishment "by a lady", if anything "rather too light and bright and sparkling". In this respect she resembled one of her favorite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have "glide through the world unknown " than been "suspected of literary airs —— to be shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other! —— my dear. I would sooner exhibit as a ropedancer." Yet, decorous though they might first seem, Austens self-effacing anonymity and her modest description of her miniaturist art also imply a criticism, even rejection, of the world at large. For, as Gaston Bachelard explains, the miniature "allows us to be world conscious at slight risk". While the creators of satirically conceived diminutive landscapes seem to see everything as small because they are themselves so grand, Austens analogy for her art metaphorically, as her critics would too, in relation to female arts severely devalued until quite recently (for painting on ivory was traditionally a "ladylike" occupation), Austen attempted through self-imposed novelistic limitations to define a secure place, even as she seemed to admit the impossibility of actual inhabiting such a small apace with any degree of comfort. And always, for Austen, it is women because they are too vulnerable in the world at large —— who must acquiesce in their own confinement, no matter how stifling it may be.
52. Quite probably the following passage is from ____
A) an article in a scholarly magazine.
B) a doctoral dissertation.
C) a literature review on Austen.
D) an autobiography.
53. What does Austen's self-effacing anonymity suggest according to the author's remark?
A) It suggests Austen's introvert character.
B) It shows her polite manners.
C) It hints at her rejection of the outside world.
D) It hints at her pretension.
TEXT G First read the question. 54. The purpose of this article is to _____ A. make an advertisement for the new Underwater World Aquarium in Beijing. B. introduce the new aquarium in Beijing. C. introduce aquariums around the world. D. briefly describe the origin and the development of aquariums. Now go though Text G to answer question 34. A Talk Through A World Underwater In Beijing The new Underwater World Aquarium in Being uses the latest technology to enable visitors to walk though the tanks under the water, and view the fish without getting wet. The US 11 million (RMB 91 million) project enables visitors to see thousands of tropical fish swimming around and over them in their natural habitat, unfazed by the hundreds of human eyes watching them. The shell to house the saltwater aquarium has been constructed under an artificial lake in the suburbs of Beijing by the New Zealand company Richina Pacific which has also bought the rights to operate the aquarium. The opening was planned for late 1997. What New Zealand marine engineer/designer Ian Mellsop calls "the age of aquariums" has come to Beijing after being tested in major aquariums around the world. The technology for the heavy wrap-around acrylic viewing tunnel was developed for Kelly Tarltons Underwater World in Auckland, New Zealand. It has since been used in aquarium in Australia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Scotland and now in China. Mellsop says the acrylic tunnel technology opened the way for visitors to walk through an undersea world, rather than simply watching from behind flat panels. It was born, not from some "eureka-like" design discovery, but from Mellsops ever practical drive to reduce costs. The tunnel idea was not new. Straight tunnels had been around since the early 1980s. They were employed in the United States the year before Kelly Tarltons Underwater World opened, with horizontal panels forming the tunnel and a moving walkway carrying visitors down the middle of this tunnel. Kelly Tarltons Underwater World was conceived as an aquarium using straight tunnels, with concrete junction boxes to link them. But Mellsop had found a way to "bend" two-meter diameter concrete pipes and gluing them. Mellsop did some pricing and experimenting and discovered it would be feasible and cheaper to cut and join the acrylic panels themselves, and to use the acrylic pipe itself to turn corners, rather than simply leading the pipe into concrete junction boxes which would act as corners. In using this new method, Mellsop found the idea that would take the aquarium world by storm. "We realized we could make the tunnel meander wherever we wanted it to on the ocean floor," he says. The challenge was to get the tunnel the right size: too and viewers would lose the effect of being underwater; too tight and it would distort the undersea world and create a claustrophobic effect. "We still think that what we did back then is optimal," says Mellsop, referring to the tanks and tunnels under Aucklands Tamaki Drive. Reducing the cost of aquariums created a big for these educational and entertainment centres and counties began to demand aquariums for themselves. Aquariums had once been the preserve of public authorities because of throe huge cost, but they now became viable as paying attractions run by private operators. Instead of the 100 million or so that it was costing to build the big Japanese and American aquariums, because an acrylic tunnel is stronger than a flat panel, requiring less plastic, less concrete, less engineering, as well as providing a much closer experience of undersea life. Although the tunnel have not changed much, there have been advances in other areas, says Mellsop, notably in the life support systems for the marine life. He cites the companys Ellesmere Port Underwater World in Beijing as a good example of cutting-edge aquarium technology. It will be the largest aquarium in the UK "and I hope the best in the world". His most novel assignment was the building of a small aquarium for the Sultan of Brunei. It was situated in a night club at the Royal Brunei Polo Club guest house number four. There seems no end to the possibilities. Mellsop likens aquariums to zoos, with the potential for at least one in every major city in the world. The zoo analogy fits the visitor profile for underwater world: all ages, all types of people. "To heck with virtual reality," says Mellsop," Weve got actual reality, real fish and people just love it."
54. The purpose of this article is to _____
A) make an advertisement for the new Underwater World Aquarium in Beijing.
B) introduce the new aquarium in Beijing.
C) introduce aquariums around the world.
D) briefly describe the origin and the development of aquariums.