SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. What is this passage mainly about? A. The tradition of folk art, especially clay modeling in China. B. The origin of clay modeling and its development. C. "Clay-Figurine" Zhang. D. modern clay modeling in China Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. Clay modeling is a folk art popular in both rural and urban areas. Colored clay figures are put on sale in cities, and at country fairs on the Spring Festival and other traditional festivals. Today workshops and enterprises have been established specializing in this kind of folk art. The Clay modeling of Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu and Wuxi each has its own style and characteristics. In Tianjin, everybody knows the name "Ni Ren Zhang" ("clay-figurine" Zhang). Traditionally, clay modeling was only a source of childrens toy, but thanks to the efforts of "Clay-figurine" Zhang, clay modeling has become a respectable art, and some of his products are among the treasures in Beijings museums and the China Art Gallery. The name "clay-figurine" Zhang is used to refer to Zhang Mingshan (1826-1906) who was the fist person to make colored clay figurines in Tianjin. He transformed clay modeling into an art. People later began to use the name to refer to the Zhang family. Mow people sometimes use it to refer to the workshop which was set up in 1959 and which has more than forty craftsmen whose surnames are not Zhang. Tianjin clay figurines are characterized by a sense of motion. All the figures look vivid and lifelike. Some of the themes are taken from legends and myths while others are taken from everyday life. Now, Zhang Naiying, the fifth generation of the Zhang family, has made a breakthrough. He combined clay modeling and modern sculpture to create eighty colored clay figurines based on the centimeters in height, but each had its unique posture, clothing, and facial expressions. Clay figurines have been popular in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, for more than six hundred years. Today multi-colored clay figurines made in Wuxi stand on desks or in shops around the world. They are called Ah Fu. "Fu" in Chinese used means fortune, and "Ah" is a meaningless auxiliary sound. The name was first used by local people to describe cherubic children. Now it refers to all clay figurines made in Wusi, especially those made at the Wuxi Clay Fifurine Mill. Today Ah Fu comes in more than a hundred designs: children in various postures, Lao Shouxing (an old man of longevity), historical and legendary figures, and animals of all kinds. All these clay figurines are made of dark clay from the foot of the Hui Hills near the city of Wuxi. The products of the Wuxi Clay Figurine Mill enjoy a wide market. Ah Fu figurines are sold not only in Wuxi but also in shops in more than fifty countries. Businessmen from the United States, Canada, Japan, Eastern Europe and South-east Asia buy wholesale from the mill. The mill pays great attention to training young apprentices. The young people are each assigned to a master craftsman. New recruits have to spend all their time learning the basic skills, and at the same time, take related cultural courses. Now the former apprentices have become the main force in the mill. Many of them have gone abroad on several occasions to be demonstrate their clay modeling skills.
51. What is this passage mainly about?
A) The tradition of folk art, especially clay modeling in China.
B) The origin of clay modeling and its development.
C) "Clay-Figurine" Zhang.
D) modern clay modeling in China
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. The following letter _____ A. is a letter attached to a revised manuscript. B. is to respond to the suggestions of the editor-in-chief of the magazine Biochemical et Biophysica Acta. C. is intended to explain ones views in his original manuscript. D. is intended to persuade the editor of a scientific magazine into publishing an article. Now go through Text F quickly to answer question 52. December 27,1973 Deitorial Secretariat Biochimica et Biophysica Acta P.O. Box 1345 Amsterdam The Netherlands Re: Art No. RP P-1265 Dear sir, Thank you for your kind letter of December 11, 1973. We are happy to know that our paper entitled "Purification of Clostridium perfringens phospholipas C (@-toxin) by affinity chromatography on agarose-liked egg-yolk lipoprotein" (Art no.RPP-1265) will be acceptable. We have tried to shorten and revise the manuscript in line with the suggestion made by one of the of the reviewers and yourself. I am enclosing duplicate copies of the revised version. In answer to the questions raised by the reviewer, we must admit that we have not tested for lipase activity known to exist in culture of this organism. However, since our purified phospholipase C was found homogeneous by various criteria, we believe contamination with lipase, if there is any, is likely to be slight. In any case, we will test for lipase activity as soon as poddible. As to the second question, we realized that the lipoprotein in affinity adsorbent was attacked by the enzyme to a small extent; a minute amount of phosphorycholine was always detected in the break-through peak. As reported, however, the same column can be repeatedly (at least four times) without losing its affinity for the enzyme. We still do not know whether or not all of the multiple forms of enzyme are artifacts formed exclusively during isoelectric focusing. But some evidence is now available for the presence of at least two forms of enzyme, which are separable by methods other than isoeletric focusing, i.e. CM —— or DEAE —— Sephadex chromatography (unpublished data). The clarification of this question is now in progress in our laboratory. We have accepted all the suggestions penciled in by the reviewer on the original manuscript; the abbreviation SDC has been avoided. Through these revision we have succeeded in shortening the manuscript by two pages in total, although the page numbers have been kept unchanged. In the revised manuscript we have put the reference numbers in the right order as requested. We would like, however, to keep the designation of the figures as it was, since we believe the suggestion may be based on a misunderstanding on the part of reviewers. As suggested, we have improved the description of the essential step involved in preparation of the affinity adsorbed (page 6,5th line from the bottom of the original manuscript) as follows:" by centrifuging the mixture at 13,000g for 15 min. to discard the precipitate. I hope that these revisions and the shortened text are satisfactory and that the revised version will be acceptable for publication in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. I also hope the revised manuscript will reach you before January 1. Sincerely yours, Nobuo Ogata, M.D. Enclosure: MS in duplicate No/th
52. The following letter _____
A) is a letter attached to a revised manuscript.
B) is to respond to the suggestions of the editor-in-chief of the magazine Biochemical et Biophysica Acta.
C) is intended to explain one's views in his original manuscript.
D) is intended to persuade the editor of a scientific magazine into publishing an article.
TEXT G First read the question. 53. Which of the following is the most suitable title? A. key to economic prosperity B. source of High Productivity C. elements in efficient management D. efficient of use of resource Now go through Text G quickly to answer question 53. A high volume of production, that is, coupled with efficient production methods, is a major key to economic prosperity. This is both at the macro level of nation, and at the micro level of the individual. Technically, productivity is an estimate of work output, being measured as production per production unit per unit of time. An example of this is output per worker per hour. It is a measure of the efficiency of use of resources. Under normal conditions, a high level of output per production unit allows a high level of consumption, so that such a society, be it large or small, can enjoy a high standard of living. Just as the individual with a high productivity is usually economically successful, so a nation with high productivity is likely to demonstrate comparative economic prosperity. High productivity depends on a combination of factors, of which the most important are as follows. individual productivity; incentives; appropriate capital equipment; market size individual productivity The productivity of the individual depends on both his ability and his desire to do the job. The former ability depends, in turn, on native ability and on training. The latter varies with incentive. The more complicated a job becomes, the more training is necessary to ensure efficient operation. Thus, developing training programs within production units is one important factor in the maintenance of high individual productivity. Moreover, the establishment of good general and specific education programs if essential to the maintenance of efficiency and contemporary practices in production. This is particularly true at managerial levels. The quality of management has a large significance to productivity since management teams are responsible for keeping equipment up to date, deciding production methods, developing marketing programs, fostering good relations between employers and employees, establishing good working conditions and installing incentives. incentives Incentives to efficiency at the individual and small group level can take various forms. Financial gain is one of the most common and also one of the most effective. However, others such as good working conditions, employee benefits and a positive social environment in the work place are important considerations. At the production unit level, whether it be a small workshop or a large factory, competition provides a serious incentive. When a company has a monopoly or a protected niche for its operation, a general lassitude can delay replacement of aging equipment, allow loss of vigor in marketing, and permit slackness in individual behaviors. Thus, a certain amount of competition is useful to keep a company at the forefront of production efficiency. capital equipment Appropriate capital equipment implies, in term of efficiency, having equipment which optimizes the output of items produced per dollar input. Generally, this means regular updating of all equipment, from production machinery to hand tools to office instrumentation. However, modernization incurs expenditure. If such spending is very large, it may be considered as a form of saving. Such investment spending may, under some circumstances delay a rise in standard of living. This could be because of preferred production of industrial products over consumer products and a reduction in consumer spending, because of deferred wage increase. So capital expenditure which will cause increased production in the future, can be considered as an enforced saving with a view to achieving a higher standard of living at a later date. market size As the quality of production increases, it is usually possible to reduce the cost of production per item. Thus, with very large production runs, the cost per item may be vastly reduced and profit per item will consequently be greater. Such as economy of scale is dependent on the accessibility of a large enough to justify the enormous but necessary start-up costs, Estimation of the market size may determine that the production must be distributed regionally, nationally or even world wide. It is clear that the supply side of the economy is the basis of economic viability. This applies to highly industrialized nations where labor is expensive and the tendency is towards technical specialization. It also applies to less developed nations where there is an abundance of labor. In all cases a balance exists between production costs and profits available in the product market.
53. Which of the following is the most suitable title?
A) key to economic prosperity
B) source of High Productivity
C) elements in efficient management
D) efficient of use of resource
TEXT H First read question 54. 54. This passage aims to ____. A. give 20 tips for the perfect father-to-be B. demonstrate 20 practical advices to the father-to-be C. explain the trial and happiness fathers experience. D. illustrate a successful birthing class and advices offered by the instructor. Now go through Text H quickly to answer question 54.
It was sipper day in birthing class and I was to provide the class a model demonstration. Gently I lifted the rubber baby doll, supporting its head with my forearm. The instructor smiled and told me that it was a good position —— if I wanted to put the diaper on the babys head.
My wife and I are experiencing our first baby in September and Im finding fatherhood isnt coming very naturally. Im a 38-year-old journalist, more accustomed to whining politicians than crying babies.
A white back, I sent an e-mail to a friend, a father of two teenagers, suggesting half-jokingly that he send me advice. He responded with a wonderful "Top 10" list of fatherhood tips. I started thinking: If I reached out to other friends, I could probably compile a pretty useful list of advice for a new father. So I sent a batch of e-mail.
What follows is 20 of their responses. None of it is expert advice. These are just a bunch of guys who have children ranging from toddlers to teens and have learned about fatherhood through trial and often error. Their advice is sometimes practical, sometimes philosophical, occasionally contradictory and always heart-felt. 1. If you haven't bought that new set of golf clubs before the baby is born, you can forget about it for the next 30 years. 2. Things you cannot do enough of: hold, hug or kiss the baby. Take the baby out for walks or drives. 3. Never swear or fight in front of the baby. (There will be plenty of temptation for both. Just wait. 4. Help out. Even being the main breadwinner does not compensate for the much harder job of staying home with the baby. 5. Live in a small house where you can interact with the kids. Dont let their rooms become their universe. 6. You can never invest enough in their self-esteem. 7. Encourage children to share. 8. Read to your children every night. Choose something slightly above their own reading level, because that will require explanations, and conversations will flow from that. 9. Immediately correct them if they are being mean or cruel, if they lie or steal, but let them figure some things out for themselves, even if they draw the wrong conclusions. 10. Teach by example: If you want kids to be loving, be loving. If you want them to respectful, be respectful. If you want them serene, be serene. 11. Help them with their homework. 12. Whisper in their ears before they go to bed at night, "think scholarship……think scholarship." 13. Dont pressure them. They have enough pressure at school. 14. Dont get angry if they spill things or break things. However, be strict if they insist on doing something that puts them in danger. 15. Dont compare them with other children. 16. Never be afraid of say youre sorry. There will be times when youll be unjust in how you discipline your kids; or youll say something hurtful. Tell them you have blown it. Tell them you love them. And ask for forgiveness. 17. Dont make promises you cant keep. Or threat. 18. Dont teach by talking. If your kid think talking with Dad means a lecture, rather than an effective exchange of thoughts and feeling, they wont want to talk to you. And they wont listen, wither. 19. Dont hit your children. If you cant make them understand without violence, find out what youve doing wrong. 20. Discuss serious subjects with them. You will be pleasantly surprised. They will be too.
54. This passage aims to ____.
A) give 20 tips for the perfect father-to-be
B) demonstrate 20 practical advices to the father-to-be
C) explain the trial and happiness fathers experience.
D) illustrate a successful birthing class and advices offered by the instructor.
TEXT I First read the question. 55. When will the "youngsters Wind Band Music Festival" be held? A. 2 pm, June 12 B. 7:30 pm, June 9,10 C. 8 am-11:30 am, 2 pm-5 pm, June 12 D. June 10-11 56. The Exhibition Gallery of Chinese Traditional Painting Research Institute is hosting ____. A. an ink painting show B. a landscape painting show C. a calligraphy show D. a show of works by some famous artists. Now go through Text I quickly to answer question 55 and 56. CONCERTS British conductor —— David Lockington from the United Kingdom will lead the China Broadcasting Symphony Orchestra here in Beijing. Starting early on the cello, Lodkington studied cello and conducting at Yale University in the United States after graduating from Cambridge University in England. In June he became conductor of the Grand Rapid Symphony Orchestra. Pianist Zhu Tong from Taiwan will be the soloist in the concert. Program: "Fantasy on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" by Williams, "Piano Concert Op 16" by Grieg, "Spain" by Charier, "Romeo and Juliet Suite" by Prokofiev. Time: 7:30 pm, June 9,10 Place: Beijing Concert Hall, 1 Beixinghuajie Tel: 6605-5812 Rigoletto —— A concert opera, "rigoletto" will be illustrated by the opera troupe and chorus of China National Opera Ballet Theatre. Gao Weichun will conduct. Lei Keyong will provide narration. Time: 2 pm, June 12 Place: Beijing Concert Hall, 1 Beixinhuajie Tel: 6605-5812 For Strauss —— To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Richard Strauss, a comprehensive concert will be highlight the great masters orchestral and vocal works. Program: Overture to "Die Fledermaus" and Strauss waltzes, polkas and marches. Time: 7:30 pm, June 12 Place: Century Theatre, 40 Liangmaqiaolu Tel: 6466-3311 Plucked string —— The graceful Chinese ancient plucked string instruments will be played by musicians of the Central Orchestra of Traditional Music. In ancient pieces like "Floral Moonlit Night in a River in Spring" and "Flowing Water", pipa and quqin were used to be played by scholars, intellectuals or concubines. Program: "Generals Order", an ancient guzheng piece, "Camel bells on the Silk Road", a daruansolo and "The Beautiful Africa", a dulcimer solo. Time: 7:30 pm, June 12 Place: Minzu Concert Hall, 15 Xiaoyinglu, Chaoyang District Tel: 6491-9081 Traditional instruments —— Musicians from the China Film Symphony Orchestra will display the cream of traditional Chinese instrumental music. The instruments include dizi, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and ruan. Time: 7:30 pm, June 19 Place: Beijing International Art Palace, Art Salon of Crowne Plaza Beijing, 48 Wangfujing Dajie Tel: 6513-3388 ext 1209 Wind bands —— A "youngsters Wind Band Music Festival" will be staged by some 30 amateur wind bands from more than 30 primary and middle schools in China. Organized by China Childrens Center and Dunshan Youngsters Arts Training Center, both Chinese and foreign youngsters are welcome to attend the concert, free of charge. Program: "Carmen Fantasy", "Going Home", "Poland Waltz", "The Blue Danube", "William Tell", "Sound of Music" and "The National Anthem of China". Time: 8 am —— 11:30 am, 2 pm —— 5 pm, June 12 Place: Chaoyang Stadium, Liulitun Xikou, Yaojiayuanlu, Chaoyang District Tel: 6559-9310 EXHIBITIONS Oil paintings —— The Wan Fung Art Gallery is holding an oil painting exhibition entitled "Inner Feeling". On show are dozens of oil paintings created by young and middle-aged painters including Lao Dao, Xin Yi, Han Xuejun and Zeng Chuangxing. Time: 9 am-7 pm, till June 15 Place: 136 Nachizi Dajie, Dongcheng District Tel: 6523-3320 Japanese art—— The Palace Museum will host the Kicho Art Exhibition from Japan. Kicho, an aristocratic tradition in Japan, was a woven cloth partition used for interior decoration among royal families in the Heian era (794-1190). It is now a traditional art in Japan which enjoys a high reputation around the world. Sponsored by the Palace Museum and the Yanazaki Junzo Kicho Institute of Japan, the exhibition will display 50 reproductions from the Heian Era. The Yanazaki Junzo Kicho Institute is famed in Japan for handmade kichos. Its kichos have been collected by galleries and museums around the world. Time: 9 am —— 4 am, until June 10 Place: 4 Jingshan Qianjie, Dongcheng District Tel: 6523-7344 Traditional scenes —— The Exhibition Gallery of Chinese Traditional Painting Research Institute is hosting an ink painting show. The displayed works, created by such artists of the institute as Liu Boshu, Li Lingyun, Wang Yingchun and Deng Lin, feature figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, as well as calligraphy. Time: 9 am —— 4 pm, until June 10 Place: 54 Xisanhuan Beilu, Haidian District Tel: 6841-1369 Stage Camille —— The Hong Kong Ballet perform the ballet adapted from this famous work of Alexander Dumas. The novel of the title was published in 1848 and had been adapted into film, ballet and opera. Time: 7:30 pm, June 10-11 Place: Century Theater, 40 Liangmaqiaolu, Chaoyang District Tel: 8425-2256 Ballet on ice —— The St Petersburg State Ice Ballet is to bring the three greatest of Tchaikovskys ballets: "Swan Lake", "The Nutcracker" and "sleeping beauty". Time: "The Nutcracker", 7:30 pm, June 10; "Sleeping Beauty", 7:30 pm, June 11; "Swan Lake", 7:30 pm, June 12. Place: Beizhan Theatre, 135 Xiwai Dajie, Xicheng District Tel: 6835-1383 In this family —— The China National Youth Theater will present a new drama about an intellectuals family. The father and mother devoted their youth to the Daqing oilfields, but the new generation of the family thinks differently. The conflicts reflect different values of two generations, while the experiences of the family members mirrors 50 years development of this century. Time: 7:30 pm, until 12 Place: Haidian Theater, 84 Haidianlu, Huangzhuang, Haidian District Tel: 6255-8026
55. When will the "youngsters' Wind Band Music Festival" be held?
A) 2 pm, June 12
B) 7:30 pm, June 9,10
C) 8 am-11:30 am, 2 pm-5 pm, June 12
D) June 10-11
56. The Exhibition Gallery of Chinese Traditional Painting Research Institute is hosting ____.
A) an ink painting show
B) a landscape painting show
C) a calligraphy show
D) a show of works by some famous artists.
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.
TEXT E First read the question. 51. What is this passage mainly about? A. The tradition of folk art, especially clay modeling in China. B. The origin of clay modeling and its development. C. "Clay-Figurine" Zhang. D. modern clay modeling in China Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51. Clay modeling is a folk art popular in both rural and urban areas. Colored clay figures are put on sale in cities, and at country fairs on the Spring Festival and other traditional festivals. Today workshops and enterprises have been established specializing in this kind of folk art. The Clay modeling of Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu and Wuxi each has its own style and characteristics. In Tianjin, everybody knows the name "Ni Ren Zhang" ("clay-figurine" Zhang). Traditionally, clay modeling was only a source of childrens toy, but thanks to the efforts of "Clay-figurine" Zhang, clay modeling has become a respectable art, and some of his products are among the treasures in Beijings museums and the China Art Gallery. The name "clay-figurine" Zhang is used to refer to Zhang Mingshan (1826-1906) who was the fist person to make colored clay figurines in Tianjin. He transformed clay modeling into an art. People later began to use the name to refer to the Zhang family. Mow people sometimes use it to refer to the workshop which was set up in 1959 and which has more than forty craftsmen whose surnames are not Zhang. Tianjin clay figurines are characterized by a sense of motion. All the figures look vivid and lifelike. Some of the themes are taken from legends and myths while others are taken from everyday life. Now, Zhang Naiying, the fifth generation of the Zhang family, has made a breakthrough. He combined clay modeling and modern sculpture to create eighty colored clay figurines based on the centimeters in height, but each had its unique posture, clothing, and facial expressions. Clay figurines have been popular in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, for more than six hundred years. Today multi-colored clay figurines made in Wuxi stand on desks or in shops around the world. They are called Ah Fu. "Fu" in Chinese used means fortune, and "Ah" is a meaningless auxiliary sound. The name was first used by local people to describe cherubic children. Now it refers to all clay figurines made in Wusi, especially those made at the Wuxi Clay Fifurine Mill. Today Ah Fu comes in more than a hundred designs: children in various postures, Lao Shouxing (an old man of longevity), historical and legendary figures, and animals of all kinds. All these clay figurines are made of dark clay from the foot of the Hui Hills near the city of Wuxi. The products of the Wuxi Clay Figurine Mill enjoy a wide market. Ah Fu figurines are sold not only in Wuxi but also in shops in more than fifty countries. Businessmen from the United States, Canada, Japan, Eastern Europe and South-east Asia buy wholesale from the mill. The mill pays great attention to training young apprentices. The young people are each assigned to a master craftsman. New recruits have to spend all their time learning the basic skills, and at the same time, take related cultural courses. Now the former apprentices have become the main force in the mill. Many of them have gone abroad on several occasions to be demonstrate their clay modeling skills.
51. What is this passage mainly about?
A) The tradition of folk art, especially clay modeling in China.
B) The origin of clay modeling and its development.
C) "Clay-Figurine" Zhang.
D) modern clay modeling in China
TEXT F First read the questions. 52. The following letter _____ A. is a letter attached to a revised manuscript. B. is to respond to the suggestions of the editor-in-chief of the magazine Biochemical et Biophysica Acta. C. is intended to explain ones views in his original manuscript. D. is intended to persuade the editor of a scientific magazine into publishing an article. Now go through Text F quickly to answer question 52. December 27,1973 Deitorial Secretariat Biochimica et Biophysica Acta P.O. Box 1345 Amsterdam The Netherlands Re: Art No. RP P-1265 Dear sir, Thank you for your kind letter of December 11, 1973. We are happy to know that our paper entitled "Purification of Clostridium perfringens phospholipas C (@-toxin) by affinity chromatography on agarose-liked egg-yolk lipoprotein" (Art no.RPP-1265) will be acceptable. We have tried to shorten and revise the manuscript in line with the suggestion made by one of the of the reviewers and yourself. I am enclosing duplicate copies of the revised version. In answer to the questions raised by the reviewer, we must admit that we have not tested for lipase activity known to exist in culture of this organism. However, since our purified phospholipase C was found homogeneous by various criteria, we believe contamination with lipase, if there is any, is likely to be slight. In any case, we will test for lipase activity as soon as poddible. As to the second question, we realized that the lipoprotein in affinity adsorbent was attacked by the enzyme to a small extent; a minute amount of phosphorycholine was always detected in the break-through peak. As reported, however, the same column can be repeatedly (at least four times) without losing its affinity for the enzyme. We still do not know whether or not all of the multiple forms of enzyme are artifacts formed exclusively during isoelectric focusing. But some evidence is now available for the presence of at least two forms of enzyme, which are separable by methods other than isoeletric focusing, i.e. CM —— or DEAE —— Sephadex chromatography (unpublished data). The clarification of this question is now in progress in our laboratory. We have accepted all the suggestions penciled in by the reviewer on the original manuscript; the abbreviation SDC has been avoided. Through these revision we have succeeded in shortening the manuscript by two pages in total, although the page numbers have been kept unchanged. In the revised manuscript we have put the reference numbers in the right order as requested. We would like, however, to keep the designation of the figures as it was, since we believe the suggestion may be based on a misunderstanding on the part of reviewers. As suggested, we have improved the description of the essential step involved in preparation of the affinity adsorbed (page 6,5th line from the bottom of the original manuscript) as follows:" by centrifuging the mixture at 13,000g for 15 min. to discard the precipitate. I hope that these revisions and the shortened text are satisfactory and that the revised version will be acceptable for publication in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. I also hope the revised manuscript will reach you before January 1. Sincerely yours, Nobuo Ogata, M.D. Enclosure: MS in duplicate No/th
52. The following letter _____
A) is a letter attached to a revised manuscript.
B) is to respond to the suggestions of the editor-in-chief of the magazine Biochemical et Biophysica Acta.
C) is intended to explain one's views in his original manuscript.
D) is intended to persuade the editor of a scientific magazine into publishing an article.
TEXT G First read the question. 53. Which of the following is the most suitable title? A. key to economic prosperity B. source of High Productivity C. elements in efficient management D. efficient of use of resource Now go through Text G quickly to answer question 53. A high volume of production, that is, coupled with efficient production methods, is a major key to economic prosperity. This is both at the macro level of nation, and at the micro level of the individual. Technically, productivity is an estimate of work output, being measured as production per production unit per unit of time. An example of this is output per worker per hour. It is a measure of the efficiency of use of resources. Under normal conditions, a high level of output per production unit allows a high level of consumption, so that such a society, be it large or small, can enjoy a high standard of living. Just as the individual with a high productivity is usually economically successful, so a nation with high productivity is likely to demonstrate comparative economic prosperity. High productivity depends on a combination of factors, of which the most important are as follows. individual productivity; incentives; appropriate capital equipment; market size individual productivity The productivity of the individual depends on both his ability and his desire to do the job. The former ability depends, in turn, on native ability and on training. The latter varies with incentive. The more complicated a job becomes, the more training is necessary to ensure efficient operation. Thus, developing training programs within production units is one important factor in the maintenance of high individual productivity. Moreover, the establishment of good general and specific education programs if essential to the maintenance of efficiency and contemporary practices in production. This is particularly true at managerial levels. The quality of management has a large significance to productivity since management teams are responsible for keeping equipment up to date, deciding production methods, developing marketing programs, fostering good relations between employers and employees, establishing good working conditions and installing incentives. incentives Incentives to efficiency at the individual and small group level can take various forms. Financial gain is one of the most common and also one of the most effective. However, others such as good working conditions, employee benefits and a positive social environment in the work place are important considerations. At the production unit level, whether it be a small workshop or a large factory, competition provides a serious incentive. When a company has a monopoly or a protected niche for its operation, a general lassitude can delay replacement of aging equipment, allow loss of vigor in marketing, and permit slackness in individual behaviors. Thus, a certain amount of competition is useful to keep a company at the forefront of production efficiency. capital equipment Appropriate capital equipment implies, in term of efficiency, having equipment which optimizes the output of items produced per dollar input. Generally, this means regular updating of all equipment, from production machinery to hand tools to office instrumentation. However, modernization incurs expenditure. If such spending is very large, it may be considered as a form of saving. Such investment spending may, under some circumstances delay a rise in standard of living. This could be because of preferred production of industrial products over consumer products and a reduction in consumer spending, because of deferred wage increase. So capital expenditure which will cause increased production in the future, can be considered as an enforced saving with a view to achieving a higher standard of living at a later date. market size As the quality of production increases, it is usually possible to reduce the cost of production per item. Thus, with very large production runs, the cost per item may be vastly reduced and profit per item will consequently be greater. Such as economy of scale is dependent on the accessibility of a large enough to justify the enormous but necessary start-up costs, Estimation of the market size may determine that the production must be distributed regionally, nationally or even world wide. It is clear that the supply side of the economy is the basis of economic viability. This applies to highly industrialized nations where labor is expensive and the tendency is towards technical specialization. It also applies to less developed nations where there is an abundance of labor. In all cases a balance exists between production costs and profits available in the product market.
53. Which of the following is the most suitable title?
A) key to economic prosperity
B) source of High Productivity
C) elements in efficient management
D) efficient of use of resource
TEXT H First read question 54. 54. This passage aims to ____. A. give 20 tips for the perfect father-to-be B. demonstrate 20 practical advices to the father-to-be C. explain the trial and happiness fathers experience. D. illustrate a successful birthing class and advices offered by the instructor. Now go through Text H quickly to answer question 54.
It was sipper day in birthing class and I was to provide the class a model demonstration. Gently I lifted the rubber baby doll, supporting its head with my forearm. The instructor smiled and told me that it was a good position —— if I wanted to put the diaper on the babys head.
My wife and I are experiencing our first baby in September and Im finding fatherhood isnt coming very naturally. Im a 38-year-old journalist, more accustomed to whining politicians than crying babies.
A white back, I sent an e-mail to a friend, a father of two teenagers, suggesting half-jokingly that he send me advice. He responded with a wonderful "Top 10" list of fatherhood tips. I started thinking: If I reached out to other friends, I could probably compile a pretty useful list of advice for a new father. So I sent a batch of e-mail.
What follows is 20 of their responses. None of it is expert advice. These are just a bunch of guys who have children ranging from toddlers to teens and have learned about fatherhood through trial and often error. Their advice is sometimes practical, sometimes philosophical, occasionally contradictory and always heart-felt. 1. If you haven't bought that new set of golf clubs before the baby is born, you can forget about it for the next 30 years. 2. Things you cannot do enough of: hold, hug or kiss the baby. Take the baby out for walks or drives. 3. Never swear or fight in front of the baby. (There will be plenty of temptation for both. Just wait. 4. Help out. Even being the main breadwinner does not compensate for the much harder job of staying home with the baby. 5. Live in a small house where you can interact with the kids. Dont let their rooms become their universe. 6. You can never invest enough in their self-esteem. 7. Encourage children to share. 8. Read to your children every night. Choose something slightly above their own reading level, because that will require explanations, and conversations will flow from that. 9. Immediately correct them if they are being mean or cruel, if they lie or steal, but let them figure some things out for themselves, even if they draw the wrong conclusions. 10. Teach by example: If you want kids to be loving, be loving. If you want them to respectful, be respectful. If you want them serene, be serene. 11. Help them with their homework. 12. Whisper in their ears before they go to bed at night, "think scholarship……think scholarship." 13. Dont pressure them. They have enough pressure at school. 14. Dont get angry if they spill things or break things. However, be strict if they insist on doing something that puts them in danger. 15. Dont compare them with other children. 16. Never be afraid of say youre sorry. There will be times when youll be unjust in how you discipline your kids; or youll say something hurtful. Tell them you have blown it. Tell them you love them. And ask for forgiveness. 17. Dont make promises you cant keep. Or threat. 18. Dont teach by talking. If your kid think talking with Dad means a lecture, rather than an effective exchange of thoughts and feeling, they wont want to talk to you. And they wont listen, wither. 19. Dont hit your children. If you cant make them understand without violence, find out what youve doing wrong. 20. Discuss serious subjects with them. You will be pleasantly surprised. They will be too.
54. This passage aims to ____.
A) give 20 tips for the perfect father-to-be
B) demonstrate 20 practical advices to the father-to-be
C) explain the trial and happiness fathers experience.
D) illustrate a successful birthing class and advices offered by the instructor.
TEXT I First read the question. 55. When will the "youngsters Wind Band Music Festival" be held? A. 2 pm, June 12 B. 7:30 pm, June 9,10 C. 8 am-11:30 am, 2 pm-5 pm, June 12 D. June 10-11 56. The Exhibition Gallery of Chinese Traditional Painting Research Institute is hosting ____. A. an ink painting show B. a landscape painting show C. a calligraphy show D. a show of works by some famous artists. Now go through Text I quickly to answer question 55 and 56. CONCERTS British conductor —— David Lockington from the United Kingdom will lead the China Broadcasting Symphony Orchestra here in Beijing. Starting early on the cello, Lodkington studied cello and conducting at Yale University in the United States after graduating from Cambridge University in England. In June he became conductor of the Grand Rapid Symphony Orchestra. Pianist Zhu Tong from Taiwan will be the soloist in the concert. Program: "Fantasy on a Theme of Thomas Tallis" by Williams, "Piano Concert Op 16" by Grieg, "Spain" by Charier, "Romeo and Juliet Suite" by Prokofiev. Time: 7:30 pm, June 9,10 Place: Beijing Concert Hall, 1 Beixinghuajie Tel: 6605-5812 Rigoletto —— A concert opera, "rigoletto" will be illustrated by the opera troupe and chorus of China National Opera Ballet Theatre. Gao Weichun will conduct. Lei Keyong will provide narration. Time: 2 pm, June 12 Place: Beijing Concert Hall, 1 Beixinhuajie Tel: 6605-5812 For Strauss —— To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Richard Strauss, a comprehensive concert will be highlight the great masters orchestral and vocal works. Program: Overture to "Die Fledermaus" and Strauss waltzes, polkas and marches. Time: 7:30 pm, June 12 Place: Century Theatre, 40 Liangmaqiaolu Tel: 6466-3311 Plucked string —— The graceful Chinese ancient plucked string instruments will be played by musicians of the Central Orchestra of Traditional Music. In ancient pieces like "Floral Moonlit Night in a River in Spring" and "Flowing Water", pipa and quqin were used to be played by scholars, intellectuals or concubines. Program: "Generals Order", an ancient guzheng piece, "Camel bells on the Silk Road", a daruansolo and "The Beautiful Africa", a dulcimer solo. Time: 7:30 pm, June 12 Place: Minzu Concert Hall, 15 Xiaoyinglu, Chaoyang District Tel: 6491-9081 Traditional instruments —— Musicians from the China Film Symphony Orchestra will display the cream of traditional Chinese instrumental music. The instruments include dizi, guzheng, pipa, erhu, xiao and ruan. Time: 7:30 pm, June 19 Place: Beijing International Art Palace, Art Salon of Crowne Plaza Beijing, 48 Wangfujing Dajie Tel: 6513-3388 ext 1209 Wind bands —— A "youngsters Wind Band Music Festival" will be staged by some 30 amateur wind bands from more than 30 primary and middle schools in China. Organized by China Childrens Center and Dunshan Youngsters Arts Training Center, both Chinese and foreign youngsters are welcome to attend the concert, free of charge. Program: "Carmen Fantasy", "Going Home", "Poland Waltz", "The Blue Danube", "William Tell", "Sound of Music" and "The National Anthem of China". Time: 8 am —— 11:30 am, 2 pm —— 5 pm, June 12 Place: Chaoyang Stadium, Liulitun Xikou, Yaojiayuanlu, Chaoyang District Tel: 6559-9310 EXHIBITIONS Oil paintings —— The Wan Fung Art Gallery is holding an oil painting exhibition entitled "Inner Feeling". On show are dozens of oil paintings created by young and middle-aged painters including Lao Dao, Xin Yi, Han Xuejun and Zeng Chuangxing. Time: 9 am-7 pm, till June 15 Place: 136 Nachizi Dajie, Dongcheng District Tel: 6523-3320 Japanese art—— The Palace Museum will host the Kicho Art Exhibition from Japan. Kicho, an aristocratic tradition in Japan, was a woven cloth partition used for interior decoration among royal families in the Heian era (794-1190). It is now a traditional art in Japan which enjoys a high reputation around the world. Sponsored by the Palace Museum and the Yanazaki Junzo Kicho Institute of Japan, the exhibition will display 50 reproductions from the Heian Era. The Yanazaki Junzo Kicho Institute is famed in Japan for handmade kichos. Its kichos have been collected by galleries and museums around the world. Time: 9 am —— 4 am, until June 10 Place: 4 Jingshan Qianjie, Dongcheng District Tel: 6523-7344 Traditional scenes —— The Exhibition Gallery of Chinese Traditional Painting Research Institute is hosting an ink painting show. The displayed works, created by such artists of the institute as Liu Boshu, Li Lingyun, Wang Yingchun and Deng Lin, feature figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, as well as calligraphy. Time: 9 am —— 4 pm, until June 10 Place: 54 Xisanhuan Beilu, Haidian District Tel: 6841-1369 Stage Camille —— The Hong Kong Ballet perform the ballet adapted from this famous work of Alexander Dumas. The novel of the title was published in 1848 and had been adapted into film, ballet and opera. Time: 7:30 pm, June 10-11 Place: Century Theater, 40 Liangmaqiaolu, Chaoyang District Tel: 8425-2256 Ballet on ice —— The St Petersburg State Ice Ballet is to bring the three greatest of Tchaikovskys ballets: "Swan Lake", "The Nutcracker" and "sleeping beauty". Time: "The Nutcracker", 7:30 pm, June 10; "Sleeping Beauty", 7:30 pm, June 11; "Swan Lake", 7:30 pm, June 12. Place: Beizhan Theatre, 135 Xiwai Dajie, Xicheng District Tel: 6835-1383 In this family —— The China National Youth Theater will present a new drama about an intellectuals family. The father and mother devoted their youth to the Daqing oilfields, but the new generation of the family thinks differently. The conflicts reflect different values of two generations, while the experiences of the family members mirrors 50 years development of this century. Time: 7:30 pm, until 12 Place: Haidian Theater, 84 Haidianlu, Huangzhuang, Haidian District Tel: 6255-8026
55. When will the "youngsters' Wind Band Music Festival" be held?
A) 2 pm, June 12
B) 7:30 pm, June 9,10
C) 8 am-11:30 am, 2 pm-5 pm, June 12
D) June 10-11
56. The Exhibition Gallery of Chinese Traditional Painting Research Institute is hosting ____.
A) an ink painting show
B) a landscape painting show
C) a calligraphy show
D) a show of works by some famous artists.