09年職稱英語理工類課程講義:詞匯選項(6)1

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11.We should not sacrifice(犧牲) environmental protections(環(huán)保) to foster (促進(jìn))economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的) growth(增長). (answer: B)
    A. reduce:減少,同義詞:decrease
    B. promote: v 晉升、提升、促進(jìn)
    C. realize(***):認(rèn)識到、實(shí)現(xiàn)計劃、了解到,常見搭配:
    Realize one’s mistake認(rèn)識到自己的錯誤;realize one’s hopes/plan/dream實(shí)現(xiàn)希望/計劃/夢想;realize the truth of the event了解時間真相
    D. give:給予www.Examda.CoM
    補(bǔ)充:foster是一個多義詞,除了“促進(jìn)”,還表示培養(yǎng)、培育、照顧、撫養(yǎng)(不屬于自己的孩子), 如:foster mother養(yǎng)母;foster parents養(yǎng)父母。
    請見教材上一道原題:
    Government(政府) health campaigns(健康運(yùn)動) have fostered (培養(yǎng))an awareness(意識) of the dangers(危險,危害性) in certain social habits (某些社會習(xí)慣).
    A. included(包括) B. discovered(發(fā)現(xiàn))
    C. cultivated (培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)成, 種植莊稼,陶冶情操)
    D. discouraged:使某人泄氣,失去信心,反義詞:encourage:鼓勵,請注意dis-是一個常見的反義前綴。
    12.There is a growing(不斷增加的) gap(n 缺口、裂口、) between the rich(代表一類人,富人們) and the poor(窮人們). (answer: C)
    A. conflict:n 沖突、爭執(zhí)、(意見的)分歧、v沖突、抵觸
    a conflict of interests利害沖突;
    B. tension: n 緊張,同義詞:nervousness
    C. gulf: n 海灣、溝壑、分歧,常見搭配:gulf between A and B in sth
    There is a gulf between the husband and the wife in education(教育) of their child.
    D. confrontation: n 對抗、動詞:confront.
    一般用于: confront sb with sth讓某人面對(不快的或令人頭疼的事情)
    有關(guān)gap,還有一個常見的表達(dá):generation gap代溝
    13.I am very grateful(感激的) to you for your assistance(幫助). (answer: D)
    A. helpful:有幫助的,反義詞:helpless, 詞組:be helpful to sb
    He is always helpful to his mother.
    B. hopeful:有希望的,反義詞:hopeless, 常見搭配:be hopeful of/about對。。。抱有希望,如:I am hopeful of passing the exam.
    C. pitiful: pity+ful 令人憐憫的、可憐的,反義詞:pitiless: 無憐憫心的、殘酷的
    D .thankful:感激的、感謝的,反義詞:thankless: 不感謝的、忘恩的,常見搭配:
    be thankful to sb for sth = be grateful to sb for sth
    得出結(jié)論:同義詞的常見搭配也一樣,后綴-ful(充滿的)和-less(少的、幾乎沒有的)互為反義詞。(重要詞根!)
    14.You will be meeting her presently(不久、立刻). (answer: A)
    A. shortly:adv馬上、立刻 I’ll be coming back shortly.
    B. currently: adv時下、當(dāng)前,同義詞組:at present = now
    She is currently in Beijing.來源:www.examda.com
    C. lately(***): adv 最近,同義詞:recently
    How have been lately?近來可好?
    D. probably: 可能地,反義詞:improbably, 同義詞:possibly.
    presently = shortly = soon
    15.Attitudes to(對。。。的態(tài)度) mental(精神的) illness(疾病) have shifted(改變) in recent years(在近幾年=lately). (answer: C)
    A. displayed: 展示、陳列某物,顯示、顯露 display sth to sb
    B. shown:原形show, 顯示、展示,此時和display屬近義詞。
    C. changed(***):高頻核心詞,含義豐富,改變、更換、交換、換乘、換衣服\兌換貨幣,等等。
    change one’s idea/attitude改變主意/態(tài)度;change one’s job換工作; change gear換擋; change sides改變立場; change train換乘火車;change dollars into RMB把美圓兌換成人民幣。
    D. demonstrated:v 證明、論證、表明、**