最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語(yǔ)境來(lái)考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別，因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法復(fù)雜多變，在高考試題中，命題者常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來(lái)考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的理解和掌握。對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外，還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。下面就近幾年來(lái)高考試題中出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行歸納分析，以便同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)掌握。
一、用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have ＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，高考試題中常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)給以暗示。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的這一用法可以用 “對(duì)立統(tǒng)一”來(lái)概括。
1．當(dāng)試題的前句和后句在動(dòng)作和意義上相互補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，且整個(gè)句意在動(dòng)作和時(shí)間上是一個(gè)整體時(shí)，我們可用“統(tǒng)一”關(guān)系來(lái)解決這樣的試題。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
must have done： 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)，常譯作“一定做了……”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為can't／couldn't have done 疑問(wèn)式為Can／Could...have done？。
could ／might have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的可能性推測(cè)，常譯作“可能做了……”。如：
1) Sorry I'm late． I ＿＿＿＿＿ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again． (北京 2000春)
A． might B． should C． can D． will
該題前句說(shuō)明了結(jié)果，后句接著說(shuō)出了產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的可能性，對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。分析選項(xiàng)可知本題應(yīng)選A。
2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿ your lecture． (上海 2000)
A．couldn't have attended
B．needn't have attended
C．mustn't have attended
D．shouldn't have attended
該題前句敘說(shuō)一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，分析選項(xiàng)可知C是錯(cuò)誤的; 而B、D兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。故本題選A。又如：
Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97)
A．mustn't have arrived
B．shouldn't have arrived
C．can't have arrived
D．need not have arrived （C）
一、用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have ＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，高考試題中常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)給以暗示。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的這一用法可以用 “對(duì)立統(tǒng)一”來(lái)概括。
1．當(dāng)試題的前句和后句在動(dòng)作和意義上相互補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，且整個(gè)句意在動(dòng)作和時(shí)間上是一個(gè)整體時(shí)，我們可用“統(tǒng)一”關(guān)系來(lái)解決這樣的試題。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
must have done： 表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)，常譯作“一定做了……”，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式為can't／couldn't have done 疑問(wèn)式為Can／Could...have done？。
could ／might have done：表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的可能性推測(cè)，常譯作“可能做了……”。如：
1) Sorry I'm late． I ＿＿＿＿＿ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again． (北京 2000春)
A． might B． should C． can D． will
該題前句說(shuō)明了結(jié)果，后句接著說(shuō)出了產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的可能性，對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。分析選項(xiàng)可知本題應(yīng)選A。
2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ＿＿＿＿ your lecture． (上海 2000)
A．couldn't have attended
B．needn't have attended
C．mustn't have attended
D．shouldn't have attended
該題前句敘說(shuō)一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，分析選項(xiàng)可知C是錯(cuò)誤的; 而B、D兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。故本題選A。又如：
Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97)
A．mustn't have arrived
B．shouldn't have arrived
C．can't have arrived
D．need not have arrived （C）