A publisher of a national book of high student biographees has just released the results of a survey it did of its membership , those who appear in their book. The results, which appear to contain several findings of grave interest to the American public, are nevertheless suspect in their scientific validity. How often do we hear the word validity used in relationship to statistics which are proffered on the evening news or in the newspapers? Most people are left believing that all stats are to be taken seriously and that they imply, by the fact that they are in the media, some assurance of being well grounded and useful. The facts, in my opinion, do not warrant such trust, nor do the researchers warrant plaudits for their work in this instance.
A questionnaire which was designed to tap into teens’ beliefs on everything from sex to suicide was mailed to just over 8,000 students across the nation. Just over 3,000 returned their questionnaires and from this sample the publisher made its findings public.
The number of teens who actually thought about suicide was found to be slightly more than 800 and the number who tried to kill themselves was around 130. Of course, these figures had to be calculated because percentages were given in the original press release and discussed by the spokesperson on national TV. When questioned about the responsibility of the researchers in terms of the students who thought about killing themselves and those who had actually tried, the spokesperson took a turn and answeredanother question; they intended to do something about the high percent of students who reported rape or forced sexual contact.
But where does this leave not only the kids who sent in the questionnaire and admitted to suicidal thoughts or actions, but all those kids who didn’t reply, but who had the same feelings or experiences? Where is the responsibility not only of the research company, but of the publishers and the schools where those students are in classes? What percent of the almost 5,000 kids who didn’t respond had tried to kill themselves or had thought about it? The study naively offers a glimpse into the seriousness of teen suicide while ignoring its own inadequacy in truly providing information. In this case, it’s not only the kids who responded, but, more important, the kids who didn’t because those kids feel there’s no sense to reach out and tell someone of their pain. I suspect those kids are truly in danger and how is the study identifying them? For that matter, how is the study identifying the teens who admitted to trying to kill themselves? [443 words]
1. The results of a survey ______
A. must be scientific
B. are usually reliable
C. may not be valid enough
D. tend to lack great value
2. The statistics released in the media ______
A. are never taken seriously
B. are usually taken very seriously
C. are all very well grounded
D. are beyond any suspect
3. According to this passage, ______
A. rape or forced sexual contact is of more interest to American public than suicide
B. there are more teens thinking about suicide than those trying to kill themselves C. teens are more interested in sex than suicide
D. more than 25 percent of teens intend to commit suicide
4. The seriousness of teen suicide ______
A. has been fully realized
B. tends to be ignored
C. hasn’t been over-emphasized
D. isn’t the first concern of the author
5. The main idea of this passage is that ______
A. we should be suspicious of the statistics in the media
B. we should pay more attention to the responsibility of researchers than the statistics,examda.com
C. we should try to help all those kids who admitted to suicidal thoughts or actions
D. we should take the high percent of students who reported rape more seriousl難句透析
①How often do we hear the word validity[used in relationship to statistics(which are proffered on the evening news or in the newspapers)]?
【結(jié)構(gòu)】方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用做“the word validity”的后置定語(yǔ)。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“statistics”的定語(yǔ)從句。
【釋義】我們昕到過(guò)幾次用有效度這個(gè)詞去評(píng)說(shuō)晚間新聞和報(bào)紙所提供的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字呢?
②Most people are left believin9”[that all stats are to be taken seriously]and”[that they imply，by the fact(that they are in the media)，some assurance of being well grounded and useful]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】?jī)蓚€(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是現(xiàn)在分詞“believin9”的兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句。第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)“they”指“all stats”。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“the fact”的同位語(yǔ)從句，其中的主語(yǔ)“they”也指“all stats”。
【釋義】大多數(shù)人仍相信，所有這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都應(yīng)認(rèn)真對(duì)待，而且仍相信，既然這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都是媒體公布的，就有一定把握認(rèn)為這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字有根有據(jù)、有價(jià)值。
③When questioned about the responsibility of the researchers in terms of the students”[who thought about killing themselves]and those”[who had actually tried]．the spokesperson took a turn and answered another question； they intended to do something about the high percent of students[who reported rape or forced sexual contact]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句中的“When questioned about the responsibility…”相當(dāng)于“When the spokesperson was questioned about the responsibility…”。三個(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分都是定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾各自之前的“the students”，“those”和“students”。
【釋義】 當(dāng)有人問(wèn)到，就那些曾經(jīng)有過(guò)自殺念頭以及那些真曾試圖自殺的學(xué)生而言，研究人員能做些什么時(shí)，電視節(jié)目主持人話(huà)頭一轉(zhuǎn)，回答了另一個(gè)問(wèn)題；有相當(dāng)高比例的學(xué)生曾經(jīng)報(bào)告被強(qiáng)*或被性騷擾，研究人員打算就此做些工作。④But where does this leave not only the kids[who sent in the questionnaire and admitted to suicidal thoughts or actions]，but all those kids[who didn’t reply]，but[who had the same feelings or experiences]?
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句中，“not only…but…”連接兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)成分“the kids”和“all those kids”。第一個(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“the kids”的定語(yǔ)從句。第二個(gè)和第三個(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“all those kids”的兩個(gè)用“but”連接的并列的定語(yǔ)從句。
【釋義】但是，這樣一來(lái)，把那些交回問(wèn)卷承認(rèn)有過(guò)自殺念頭或者自殺行為的孩子置之何處了呢，又把那些沒(méi)有回復(fù)，卻有過(guò)同種感覺(jué)和經(jīng)歷的孩子都置之何處了呢?
超綱詞匯
plaudit n．喝彩
proffer v．／n．提供
參考答案：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 全文翻譯
一家在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)出版高中生傳記的出版社最近發(fā)布了一份對(duì)其會(huì)員進(jìn)行調(diào)研的結(jié)果，也就是對(duì)書(shū)中出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生們的調(diào)查。這份結(jié)果雖然報(bào)出了幾處很令美國(guó)公眾在意的不好的消息，但它在科學(xué)上的有效性卻值得質(zhì)疑。我們聽(tīng)到過(guò)幾次用有效度這個(gè)詞去評(píng)說(shuō)晚間新聞和報(bào)紙所提供的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字呢？大多數(shù)人仍相信，所有這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都應(yīng)認(rèn)真對(duì)待，而且仍相信，既然這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都是媒體公布的，就有一定把握認(rèn)為這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字有根有據(jù)、有價(jià)值。在我看來(lái)，事實(shí)說(shuō)明這些數(shù)據(jù)并不值得民眾的信任，并且就此事來(lái)看，研究者們也無(wú)法為自己的工作喝彩。
此次調(diào)研所用的問(wèn)卷專(zhuān)門(mén)調(diào)查青少年對(duì)從性到自殺等各方面問(wèn)題的想法，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)共寄送出8000份。大約只有3000多人回饋了問(wèn)卷，而該出版社的結(jié)論也就是從這些樣本中做出并公之于世的。
在回饋問(wèn)卷的年輕人當(dāng)中，約有800多人確實(shí)考慮過(guò)自殺，而真正嘗試過(guò)自殺的人數(shù)在130人左右。當(dāng)然，這些數(shù)據(jù)最后都被折合成百分比，因?yàn)樽钤绨l(fā)布的結(jié)果和在全國(guó)性電視節(jié)目中討論此問(wèn)題時(shí)使用的都是百分比。當(dāng)有人問(wèn)到，就那些曾經(jīng)有過(guò)自殺念頭以及那些真曾試圖自殺的學(xué)生而言，研究人員能做些什么時(shí)，電視節(jié)目主持人話(huà)頭一轉(zhuǎn)，回答了另一個(gè)問(wèn)題；有相當(dāng)高比例的學(xué)生曾經(jīng)報(bào)告被強(qiáng)*或被性騷擾，研究人員打算就此做些工作。 但是，這樣一來(lái)，把那些交回問(wèn)卷承認(rèn)有過(guò)自殺念頭或者自殺行為的孩子置之何處了呢，又把那些沒(méi)有回復(fù)，卻有過(guò)同種感覺(jué)和經(jīng)歷的孩子都置之何處了呢？那么這家研究公司能為此做些什么，出版社以及這些孩子們正在就讀的學(xué)校又應(yīng)當(dāng)做些什么？那將近5000個(gè)沒(méi)有回復(fù)的孩子中嘗試過(guò)自殺或者想要自殺的人的比例又如何？這項(xiàng)研究幼稚地掃視了目前年輕人自殺傾向的嚴(yán)重性但卻忽略了自身在真實(shí)提供信息方面的不足。在這樣的情況下，不僅僅是回復(fù)了問(wèn)卷的孩子，更為重要的還是那些沒(méi)有回復(fù)的孩子，因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得沒(méi)有理由把自己的痛苦告訴別人。我懷疑這些孩子才是真正處于危險(xiǎn)之中，而這份調(diào)研又將他們置之何處呢？就從這一點(diǎn)上講，這份調(diào)研又是怎樣把承認(rèn)曾試圖自殺的孩子都?xì)w為一類(lèi)的呢？
A questionnaire which was designed to tap into teens’ beliefs on everything from sex to suicide was mailed to just over 8,000 students across the nation. Just over 3,000 returned their questionnaires and from this sample the publisher made its findings public.
The number of teens who actually thought about suicide was found to be slightly more than 800 and the number who tried to kill themselves was around 130. Of course, these figures had to be calculated because percentages were given in the original press release and discussed by the spokesperson on national TV. When questioned about the responsibility of the researchers in terms of the students who thought about killing themselves and those who had actually tried, the spokesperson took a turn and answeredanother question; they intended to do something about the high percent of students who reported rape or forced sexual contact.
But where does this leave not only the kids who sent in the questionnaire and admitted to suicidal thoughts or actions, but all those kids who didn’t reply, but who had the same feelings or experiences? Where is the responsibility not only of the research company, but of the publishers and the schools where those students are in classes? What percent of the almost 5,000 kids who didn’t respond had tried to kill themselves or had thought about it? The study naively offers a glimpse into the seriousness of teen suicide while ignoring its own inadequacy in truly providing information. In this case, it’s not only the kids who responded, but, more important, the kids who didn’t because those kids feel there’s no sense to reach out and tell someone of their pain. I suspect those kids are truly in danger and how is the study identifying them? For that matter, how is the study identifying the teens who admitted to trying to kill themselves? [443 words]
1. The results of a survey ______
A. must be scientific
B. are usually reliable
C. may not be valid enough
D. tend to lack great value
2. The statistics released in the media ______
A. are never taken seriously
B. are usually taken very seriously
C. are all very well grounded
D. are beyond any suspect
3. According to this passage, ______
A. rape or forced sexual contact is of more interest to American public than suicide
B. there are more teens thinking about suicide than those trying to kill themselves C. teens are more interested in sex than suicide
D. more than 25 percent of teens intend to commit suicide
4. The seriousness of teen suicide ______
A. has been fully realized
B. tends to be ignored
C. hasn’t been over-emphasized
D. isn’t the first concern of the author
5. The main idea of this passage is that ______
A. we should be suspicious of the statistics in the media
B. we should pay more attention to the responsibility of researchers than the statistics,examda.com
C. we should try to help all those kids who admitted to suicidal thoughts or actions
D. we should take the high percent of students who reported rape more seriousl難句透析
①How often do we hear the word validity[used in relationship to statistics(which are proffered on the evening news or in the newspapers)]?
【結(jié)構(gòu)】方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用做“the word validity”的后置定語(yǔ)。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“statistics”的定語(yǔ)從句。
【釋義】我們昕到過(guò)幾次用有效度這個(gè)詞去評(píng)說(shuō)晚間新聞和報(bào)紙所提供的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字呢?
②Most people are left believin9”[that all stats are to be taken seriously]and”[that they imply，by the fact(that they are in the media)，some assurance of being well grounded and useful]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】?jī)蓚€(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是現(xiàn)在分詞“believin9”的兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句。第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)“they”指“all stats”。圓括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“the fact”的同位語(yǔ)從句，其中的主語(yǔ)“they”也指“all stats”。
【釋義】大多數(shù)人仍相信，所有這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都應(yīng)認(rèn)真對(duì)待，而且仍相信，既然這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都是媒體公布的，就有一定把握認(rèn)為這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字有根有據(jù)、有價(jià)值。
③When questioned about the responsibility of the researchers in terms of the students”[who thought about killing themselves]and those”[who had actually tried]．the spokesperson took a turn and answered another question； they intended to do something about the high percent of students[who reported rape or forced sexual contact]．
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句中的“When questioned about the responsibility…”相當(dāng)于“When the spokesperson was questioned about the responsibility…”。三個(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分都是定語(yǔ)從句，分別修飾各自之前的“the students”，“those”和“students”。
【釋義】 當(dāng)有人問(wèn)到，就那些曾經(jīng)有過(guò)自殺念頭以及那些真曾試圖自殺的學(xué)生而言，研究人員能做些什么時(shí)，電視節(jié)目主持人話(huà)頭一轉(zhuǎn)，回答了另一個(gè)問(wèn)題；有相當(dāng)高比例的學(xué)生曾經(jīng)報(bào)告被強(qiáng)*或被性騷擾，研究人員打算就此做些工作。④But where does this leave not only the kids[who sent in the questionnaire and admitted to suicidal thoughts or actions]，but all those kids[who didn’t reply]，but[who had the same feelings or experiences]?
【結(jié)構(gòu)】本句中，“not only…but…”連接兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)成分“the kids”和“all those kids”。第一個(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“the kids”的定語(yǔ)從句。第二個(gè)和第三個(gè)方括號(hào)所標(biāo)示的部分是“all those kids”的兩個(gè)用“but”連接的并列的定語(yǔ)從句。
【釋義】但是，這樣一來(lái)，把那些交回問(wèn)卷承認(rèn)有過(guò)自殺念頭或者自殺行為的孩子置之何處了呢，又把那些沒(méi)有回復(fù)，卻有過(guò)同種感覺(jué)和經(jīng)歷的孩子都置之何處了呢?
超綱詞匯
plaudit n．喝彩
proffer v．／n．提供
參考答案：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 全文翻譯
一家在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)出版高中生傳記的出版社最近發(fā)布了一份對(duì)其會(huì)員進(jìn)行調(diào)研的結(jié)果，也就是對(duì)書(shū)中出現(xiàn)的學(xué)生們的調(diào)查。這份結(jié)果雖然報(bào)出了幾處很令美國(guó)公眾在意的不好的消息，但它在科學(xué)上的有效性卻值得質(zhì)疑。我們聽(tīng)到過(guò)幾次用有效度這個(gè)詞去評(píng)說(shuō)晚間新聞和報(bào)紙所提供的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字呢？大多數(shù)人仍相信，所有這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都應(yīng)認(rèn)真對(duì)待，而且仍相信，既然這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字都是媒體公布的，就有一定把握認(rèn)為這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字有根有據(jù)、有價(jià)值。在我看來(lái)，事實(shí)說(shuō)明這些數(shù)據(jù)并不值得民眾的信任，并且就此事來(lái)看，研究者們也無(wú)法為自己的工作喝彩。
此次調(diào)研所用的問(wèn)卷專(zhuān)門(mén)調(diào)查青少年對(duì)從性到自殺等各方面問(wèn)題的想法，在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)共寄送出8000份。大約只有3000多人回饋了問(wèn)卷，而該出版社的結(jié)論也就是從這些樣本中做出并公之于世的。
在回饋問(wèn)卷的年輕人當(dāng)中，約有800多人確實(shí)考慮過(guò)自殺，而真正嘗試過(guò)自殺的人數(shù)在130人左右。當(dāng)然，這些數(shù)據(jù)最后都被折合成百分比，因?yàn)樽钤绨l(fā)布的結(jié)果和在全國(guó)性電視節(jié)目中討論此問(wèn)題時(shí)使用的都是百分比。當(dāng)有人問(wèn)到，就那些曾經(jīng)有過(guò)自殺念頭以及那些真曾試圖自殺的學(xué)生而言，研究人員能做些什么時(shí)，電視節(jié)目主持人話(huà)頭一轉(zhuǎn)，回答了另一個(gè)問(wèn)題；有相當(dāng)高比例的學(xué)生曾經(jīng)報(bào)告被強(qiáng)*或被性騷擾，研究人員打算就此做些工作。 但是，這樣一來(lái)，把那些交回問(wèn)卷承認(rèn)有過(guò)自殺念頭或者自殺行為的孩子置之何處了呢，又把那些沒(méi)有回復(fù)，卻有過(guò)同種感覺(jué)和經(jīng)歷的孩子都置之何處了呢？那么這家研究公司能為此做些什么，出版社以及這些孩子們正在就讀的學(xué)校又應(yīng)當(dāng)做些什么？那將近5000個(gè)沒(méi)有回復(fù)的孩子中嘗試過(guò)自殺或者想要自殺的人的比例又如何？這項(xiàng)研究幼稚地掃視了目前年輕人自殺傾向的嚴(yán)重性但卻忽略了自身在真實(shí)提供信息方面的不足。在這樣的情況下，不僅僅是回復(fù)了問(wèn)卷的孩子，更為重要的還是那些沒(méi)有回復(fù)的孩子，因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得沒(méi)有理由把自己的痛苦告訴別人。我懷疑這些孩子才是真正處于危險(xiǎn)之中，而這份調(diào)研又將他們置之何處呢？就從這一點(diǎn)上講，這份調(diào)研又是怎樣把承認(rèn)曾試圖自殺的孩子都?xì)w為一類(lèi)的呢？