（一）抓住文章的主旨要義
如上節(jié)所說，抓主旨要義的最簡單的方式就是找主題句。值得大家注意的是：在做這類題目的時(shí)候，要注意不要將段落的局部信息或者其中的某一個(gè)例子誤以為是這段話的中心論點(diǎn)。
基于其難度和普遍性，在這里，我們討論有關(guān)主旨題應(yīng)考策略：
推斷短文的主旨大意題是閱讀測(cè)試中測(cè)定考生閱讀能力經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種題，也是考生感到最為棘手、最容易出錯(cuò)的題。在PETS三考試中，主旨推斷題不僅頻繁出現(xiàn)在閱讀測(cè)試中，還專門設(shè)有一個(gè)大題（61-65）全部是有關(guān)主旨的。主旨推斷題要求考生具有很強(qiáng)的話語篇章把握能力和分析能力，能夠從全局的角度對(duì)文章括以總領(lǐng)，梳清脈絡(luò)?？梢哉f，對(duì)閱讀理解主旨題的把握能力決定了閱讀這個(gè)整體題項(xiàng)的成敗，它也是衡量閱讀水平高低的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)尺。所以，如果我們?cè)谶@個(gè)題上能夠取得突破，就等于是攻克了閱讀當(dāng)中最頑固的堡壘，其它類型的題也就不在話下了。所謂主旨大意題指針對(duì)段落或短文的subject(主題)、main idea(主題思想)、title(題目)或purpose(目的)擬題。盡管題型或用詞不盡相同，但所針對(duì)的都是段落（或短文）的主旨大意。以下是針對(duì)段落（或短文）的主旨大意所設(shè)立的常見題型：
1. What is the main idea of this paragraph(passage)?
2. What is the author´s main point?
3. The main idea (central thought)of the paragraph(passage)is--------
4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?
5. What does the paragraph (passage)mainly suggest?
6. The main point of the paragraph(passage)is-----
7. The paragraph (passage)centers on the point that---------
8. The author seems to be especially interested in------
9. The topic sentence of the paragraph(passage)?
10. What topic is treated in this paragraph(passage)?
11. What the paragaph (passage) tells us would be summarized by the sentence---
12. The best summary of the paragraph (passage)is that ---
13. The paragraph (passage)informs us that---
14. We can infer from the paragraph (passage)that----
15. What does this paragraph (passage) imply?
16. What is the subject of this paragraph (passage)?
17. Which of the following can be concluded from the information presented in this paragraph (passage)?
18. What conclusion can be drawn from this paragraph (passage) ?
19. The (main) subject of the paragraph (passage) is----
20. Which of the following best states the theme of paragraph (passage)?
21. The paragraph (passage) states (illustrates, discusses, deals with, is concerned about, describes)-----
22. The main purpose of this paragraph (passage) is that ---
23. What is discussed (talk about)in this paragraph (passage)?
24.The main (primary)purpose of the paragraph (passage)?
25. What is the author’s main purpose?
26. The primary objective of the paragraph (passage) is---
27. The paragraph (passage) indicates that---
28. Which of the following is true?
29. Which of the following would be the best title for this paragraph (passage)?
30. The title of this paragraph (passage) would be----
31. The title that best expresses the main idea is---
在各類英語考試閱讀理解題中，推斷主題大意題所占比例較大，幾乎每一文章都設(shè)一個(gè)主旨題。出題者意在通過此題考查考生語篇能力。那么，怎樣才能準(zhǔn)確地把握住短文的主旨大意呢？從以下的實(shí)例說明我們便可得到滿意的回答。
All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather condition an enormous amount of information about wealth condition existing at a time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “out-look” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day out-looks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, frosts and storms.
大至每篇文章，小至每一段落，都必然有一個(gè)主題。這是因?yàn)槿魏挝恼拢ɑ蚨温洌┒际菫榱讼蜃x者說明一個(gè)段落或闡述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。因此，我們?cè)趯?shí)際處理這一類型的題時(shí)，最關(guān)鍵、最根本之處就在于怎樣去分析、把握文章（或段落）的主題。
一篇文章（或一個(gè)段落）可以有很多的次要思想（minor ideas）h和論證性細(xì)節(jié)（supporting details）,但中心論點(diǎn)或主題思想（theme,main idea）一般只有一個(gè)。中心思想起主導(dǎo)作用，論據(jù)是主題的從屬，它們之間是“主干”與“分枝”的關(guān)系。在考試中，如果這種關(guān)系沒弄清楚，必然導(dǎo)致判斷錯(cuò)誤?，F(xiàn)以上文為例，綜觀全文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，原文從第二句開始以下各句都是圍繞著第一句這個(gè)中心來解釋：Why should they develop this ability?作者是從幾個(gè)方面加以解釋：一是map信息包容量大；二是覆蓋面大；三是速度快；再就是可作為期三十天的氣象展望；還可有效地預(yù)報(bào)災(zāi)難性天氣。而作為一個(gè)學(xué)地理的學(xué)生看懂這樣的氣象圖是必不可少的。所以說原文第一句和下文是一種主從關(guān)系。了解了這一點(diǎn)，就不難推斷出本段的主題思想了。
Question：
What is the main idea of this passage?
[A]Weather maps are very impotant to students of geography.
[B]Weather maps can have a 30-day “outlook”.
[C]Students of geography should be able to make weather maps accurately.
[D]Those who major in geography should possess the ability to have a good understanding of a weather map.
有些考生認(rèn)為，只要選擇答案在原文中能找到對(duì)應(yīng)的句子就肯定是正確答案了，其實(shí)這是一種誤解，實(shí)際上有時(shí)能直接找到答案的選擇項(xiàng)正好與正確答案相反。從以上的四個(gè)選擇答案看，我們都能在原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子，但它們并非都是文章主題思想。A項(xiàng)只說氣象圖對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)地理的學(xué)生十分重要，但未進(jìn)一步說明在哪一方面重要。假設(shè)A項(xiàng)是本文的主題思想，那么，文章的下一步發(fā)展就應(yīng)該對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步的論述，只有這樣，才能說服讀者。但原文的發(fā)展并非如此，所以A項(xiàng)非正確答案。B項(xiàng)更不能充當(dāng)本文的主題。因?yàn)?，它只是說明weather map 中的一個(gè)功能。整篇文章都未涉及students要去制做weather map，因而C項(xiàng)也與原文大相徑庭。只有D項(xiàng)與原文的主題句相吻合。
從以上的分析，我們可得出這樣的結(jié)論：辨認(rèn)主題句是獲取段落（或短文）主旨大意的關(guān)鍵所在。何謂主題句呢？凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子就叫主題句。主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
（1）意義表達(dá)的總領(lǐng)性比較強(qiáng)，相對(duì)其他句子來看，這種概括性更為明顯。
（2）句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多數(shù)都不采用長難句的形式。
（3）段落中其他的句子一定是用來解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想
如上節(jié)所說，抓主旨要義的最簡單的方式就是找主題句。值得大家注意的是：在做這類題目的時(shí)候，要注意不要將段落的局部信息或者其中的某一個(gè)例子誤以為是這段話的中心論點(diǎn)。
基于其難度和普遍性，在這里，我們討論有關(guān)主旨題應(yīng)考策略：
推斷短文的主旨大意題是閱讀測(cè)試中測(cè)定考生閱讀能力經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一種題，也是考生感到最為棘手、最容易出錯(cuò)的題。在PETS三考試中，主旨推斷題不僅頻繁出現(xiàn)在閱讀測(cè)試中，還專門設(shè)有一個(gè)大題（61-65）全部是有關(guān)主旨的。主旨推斷題要求考生具有很強(qiáng)的話語篇章把握能力和分析能力，能夠從全局的角度對(duì)文章括以總領(lǐng)，梳清脈絡(luò)?？梢哉f，對(duì)閱讀理解主旨題的把握能力決定了閱讀這個(gè)整體題項(xiàng)的成敗，它也是衡量閱讀水平高低的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)尺。所以，如果我們?cè)谶@個(gè)題上能夠取得突破，就等于是攻克了閱讀當(dāng)中最頑固的堡壘，其它類型的題也就不在話下了。所謂主旨大意題指針對(duì)段落或短文的subject(主題)、main idea(主題思想)、title(題目)或purpose(目的)擬題。盡管題型或用詞不盡相同，但所針對(duì)的都是段落（或短文）的主旨大意。以下是針對(duì)段落（或短文）的主旨大意所設(shè)立的常見題型：
1. What is the main idea of this paragraph(passage)?
2. What is the author´s main point?
3. The main idea (central thought)of the paragraph(passage)is--------
4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?
5. What does the paragraph (passage)mainly suggest?
6. The main point of the paragraph(passage)is-----
7. The paragraph (passage)centers on the point that---------
8. The author seems to be especially interested in------
9. The topic sentence of the paragraph(passage)?
10. What topic is treated in this paragraph(passage)?
11. What the paragaph (passage) tells us would be summarized by the sentence---
12. The best summary of the paragraph (passage)is that ---
13. The paragraph (passage)informs us that---
14. We can infer from the paragraph (passage)that----
15. What does this paragraph (passage) imply?
16. What is the subject of this paragraph (passage)?
17. Which of the following can be concluded from the information presented in this paragraph (passage)?
18. What conclusion can be drawn from this paragraph (passage) ?
19. The (main) subject of the paragraph (passage) is----
20. Which of the following best states the theme of paragraph (passage)?
21. The paragraph (passage) states (illustrates, discusses, deals with, is concerned about, describes)-----
22. The main purpose of this paragraph (passage) is that ---
23. What is discussed (talk about)in this paragraph (passage)?
24.The main (primary)purpose of the paragraph (passage)?
25. What is the author’s main purpose?
26. The primary objective of the paragraph (passage) is---
27. The paragraph (passage) indicates that---
28. Which of the following is true?
29. Which of the following would be the best title for this paragraph (passage)?
30. The title of this paragraph (passage) would be----
31. The title that best expresses the main idea is---
在各類英語考試閱讀理解題中，推斷主題大意題所占比例較大，幾乎每一文章都設(shè)一個(gè)主旨題。出題者意在通過此題考查考生語篇能力。那么，怎樣才能準(zhǔn)確地把握住短文的主旨大意呢？從以下的實(shí)例說明我們便可得到滿意的回答。
All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather condition an enormous amount of information about wealth condition existing at a time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “out-look” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day out-looks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, frosts and storms.
大至每篇文章，小至每一段落，都必然有一個(gè)主題。這是因?yàn)槿魏挝恼拢ɑ蚨温洌┒际菫榱讼蜃x者說明一個(gè)段落或闡述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。因此，我們?cè)趯?shí)際處理這一類型的題時(shí)，最關(guān)鍵、最根本之處就在于怎樣去分析、把握文章（或段落）的主題。
一篇文章（或一個(gè)段落）可以有很多的次要思想（minor ideas）h和論證性細(xì)節(jié)（supporting details）,但中心論點(diǎn)或主題思想（theme,main idea）一般只有一個(gè)。中心思想起主導(dǎo)作用，論據(jù)是主題的從屬，它們之間是“主干”與“分枝”的關(guān)系。在考試中，如果這種關(guān)系沒弄清楚，必然導(dǎo)致判斷錯(cuò)誤?，F(xiàn)以上文為例，綜觀全文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，原文從第二句開始以下各句都是圍繞著第一句這個(gè)中心來解釋：Why should they develop this ability?作者是從幾個(gè)方面加以解釋：一是map信息包容量大；二是覆蓋面大；三是速度快；再就是可作為期三十天的氣象展望；還可有效地預(yù)報(bào)災(zāi)難性天氣。而作為一個(gè)學(xué)地理的學(xué)生看懂這樣的氣象圖是必不可少的。所以說原文第一句和下文是一種主從關(guān)系。了解了這一點(diǎn)，就不難推斷出本段的主題思想了。
Question：
What is the main idea of this passage?
[A]Weather maps are very impotant to students of geography.
[B]Weather maps can have a 30-day “outlook”.
[C]Students of geography should be able to make weather maps accurately.
[D]Those who major in geography should possess the ability to have a good understanding of a weather map.
有些考生認(rèn)為，只要選擇答案在原文中能找到對(duì)應(yīng)的句子就肯定是正確答案了，其實(shí)這是一種誤解，實(shí)際上有時(shí)能直接找到答案的選擇項(xiàng)正好與正確答案相反。從以上的四個(gè)選擇答案看，我們都能在原文中找到相應(yīng)的句子，但它們并非都是文章主題思想。A項(xiàng)只說氣象圖對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)地理的學(xué)生十分重要，但未進(jìn)一步說明在哪一方面重要。假設(shè)A項(xiàng)是本文的主題思想，那么，文章的下一步發(fā)展就應(yīng)該對(duì)這一論點(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步的論述，只有這樣，才能說服讀者。但原文的發(fā)展并非如此，所以A項(xiàng)非正確答案。B項(xiàng)更不能充當(dāng)本文的主題。因?yàn)?，它只是說明weather map 中的一個(gè)功能。整篇文章都未涉及students要去制做weather map，因而C項(xiàng)也與原文大相徑庭。只有D項(xiàng)與原文的主題句相吻合。
從以上的分析，我們可得出這樣的結(jié)論：辨認(rèn)主題句是獲取段落（或短文）主旨大意的關(guān)鍵所在。何謂主題句呢？凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子就叫主題句。主題句一般具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：
（1）意義表達(dá)的總領(lǐng)性比較強(qiáng)，相對(duì)其他句子來看，這種概括性更為明顯。
（2）句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多數(shù)都不采用長難句的形式。
（3）段落中其他的句子一定是用來解釋、支撐或擴(kuò)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想