短對話的命題思路與解題技巧
短對話部分是日常生活中的一般對話，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)等話題，可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面。對話部分常見的及應(yīng)注意的題型有以下幾種：
（一）地點類
人物的對話都是發(fā)生在一定的場合或地點，因此，關(guān)于地點或場合類的題目是常見的。那么考生一定要抓住對話中提到的一些詞或內(nèi)容來判斷對話發(fā)生的地點或場合。這種題型既考查考生捕獲細節(jié)的能力，又考其綜合判斷能力。
經(jīng)典例題：
Where is the dialogue most likely taking place?
[A]In a post office [B]In a police station
[C] In a bank [D]In a restaurant
聽力原文：
W: Tell me, Sergeant. Why did you wait three days before arresting them.
M: We needed more proof, we started noticing their movements carefully before acting.
精解 從“sergeant”（長官）、“arrest”、“proof”這些詞，我們可以判斷對話是發(fā)生在警察局，正確答案是[B]。
（二）人物關(guān)系類
聽力對話題中會測試一些包括說話者的身份、職業(yè)以及兩個說話者之間的關(guān)系等的題目。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
What is the most probable relationship of between the two people?
[A]Salesman and customer [B]Doctor and patient
[C] Receptionist and tourist [D] Lawyer and client
聽力原文：
W: Good morning, sir. Could I ask you to register, please?
M: Certainly. What do I do?
W: Just fill in this form, if you would, please.
精解 在這個對話中，其中一人要另一人“登記（register）”并“填表（fill the form）”，在四個選擇項中，［C］“游客和接待員”是最接近的答案。
（三）數(shù)字計算類
對話中經(jīng)常會涉及到時間、號碼、價錢、人或物的數(shù)量等有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息，有時還要進行簡單的運算。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
How much will the woman pay for the chairs?
[A]$ 150 [B] $85
[c] $115 [D]$170
聽力原文：
M: These steel chairs are on sale for $ 85 each or $ 150 for a pair. How many would you like to have?
W: Let me have a look. Oh, good! I think I’d like to have two.
精解 抓住“$ 150 for a pair”和“I’d like to have two”這兩個有關(guān)信息，排除干擾信息“or $ 85 each”的影響，可知[A]是正確答案。
（四）言外之意類
對話中的含蓄性試題較多，所以，不僅要理解說話人的表層意義，還需體會言外之意。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
What do we learn from the man’s reply?
[A] He doesn’t care if it is turned off.
[B]He thinks the woman is right.
[C]He is reluctant to turn it off.
[D]He wants the woman to watch the game, too.
聽力原文：
W: Do you mind if I turn the TV off?
M: Can’t you see the football match hasn’t finished yet?
W: But the baby is already in bed.
M: Oh, all right. You always get your way.
精解 從男士使用的反問句我們可以看出，他對對方提出“turn the TV off”的提議是不情愿的。所以正確答案是［C］。
（五）語法類
這類題型用以測試考生對某個語法現(xiàn)象（如虛擬語氣，倒裝，反詰，強調(diào)，否定等結(jié)構(gòu)）的掌握。因此，考生平時也要注重語法知識的積累。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
What do we learn from the conversation?
[A]The man is planning a trip to Austin.
[B]The man hasn"t been to Austin before.
[C]The man doesn"t like Austin.
[D]The man has been to Austin before.
聽力原文：
W: I am thinking of going to Austin for a vist.Do you think it"s worth seeing？
M: Well, I wish I had been there.
精解 對話中的I wish I had been there.表示一種無法實現(xiàn)的愿望。他從未去過那里。因此，[B]才是正確答案。
短對話部分是日常生活中的一般對話，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)等話題，可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面。對話部分常見的及應(yīng)注意的題型有以下幾種：
（一）地點類
人物的對話都是發(fā)生在一定的場合或地點，因此，關(guān)于地點或場合類的題目是常見的。那么考生一定要抓住對話中提到的一些詞或內(nèi)容來判斷對話發(fā)生的地點或場合。這種題型既考查考生捕獲細節(jié)的能力，又考其綜合判斷能力。
經(jīng)典例題：
Where is the dialogue most likely taking place?
[A]In a post office [B]In a police station
[C] In a bank [D]In a restaurant
聽力原文：
W: Tell me, Sergeant. Why did you wait three days before arresting them.
M: We needed more proof, we started noticing their movements carefully before acting.
精解 從“sergeant”（長官）、“arrest”、“proof”這些詞，我們可以判斷對話是發(fā)生在警察局，正確答案是[B]。
（二）人物關(guān)系類
聽力對話題中會測試一些包括說話者的身份、職業(yè)以及兩個說話者之間的關(guān)系等的題目。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
What is the most probable relationship of between the two people?
[A]Salesman and customer [B]Doctor and patient
[C] Receptionist and tourist [D] Lawyer and client
聽力原文：
W: Good morning, sir. Could I ask you to register, please?
M: Certainly. What do I do?
W: Just fill in this form, if you would, please.
精解 在這個對話中，其中一人要另一人“登記（register）”并“填表（fill the form）”，在四個選擇項中，［C］“游客和接待員”是最接近的答案。
（三）數(shù)字計算類
對話中經(jīng)常會涉及到時間、號碼、價錢、人或物的數(shù)量等有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息，有時還要進行簡單的運算。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
How much will the woman pay for the chairs?
[A]$ 150 [B] $85
[c] $115 [D]$170
聽力原文：
M: These steel chairs are on sale for $ 85 each or $ 150 for a pair. How many would you like to have?
W: Let me have a look. Oh, good! I think I’d like to have two.
精解 抓住“$ 150 for a pair”和“I’d like to have two”這兩個有關(guān)信息，排除干擾信息“or $ 85 each”的影響，可知[A]是正確答案。
（四）言外之意類
對話中的含蓄性試題較多，所以，不僅要理解說話人的表層意義，還需體會言外之意。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
What do we learn from the man’s reply?
[A] He doesn’t care if it is turned off.
[B]He thinks the woman is right.
[C]He is reluctant to turn it off.
[D]He wants the woman to watch the game, too.
聽力原文：
W: Do you mind if I turn the TV off?
M: Can’t you see the football match hasn’t finished yet?
W: But the baby is already in bed.
M: Oh, all right. You always get your way.
精解 從男士使用的反問句我們可以看出，他對對方提出“turn the TV off”的提議是不情愿的。所以正確答案是［C］。
（五）語法類
這類題型用以測試考生對某個語法現(xiàn)象（如虛擬語氣，倒裝，反詰，強調(diào)，否定等結(jié)構(gòu)）的掌握。因此，考生平時也要注重語法知識的積累。如：
經(jīng)典例題：
What do we learn from the conversation?
[A]The man is planning a trip to Austin.
[B]The man hasn"t been to Austin before.
[C]The man doesn"t like Austin.
[D]The man has been to Austin before.
聽力原文：
W: I am thinking of going to Austin for a vist.Do you think it"s worth seeing？
M: Well, I wish I had been there.
精解 對話中的I wish I had been there.表示一種無法實現(xiàn)的愿望。他從未去過那里。因此，[B]才是正確答案。