2009年考研英語完型填空解題指導

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完型填空旨在測試考生運用所學過的語法知識和詞匯以及通過上下文的邏輯關系等,進行綜合填空的能力,要求考生既要有扎實的語法知識基礎和豐富的詞匯量,又要有較強的閱讀能力。
    一、從上下文尋找信息詞
    完型填空所選的文章都是具有邏輯關系、意義相聯(lián)的語篇,而詞語的重復出現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞的使用是重要的連句成篇的詞匯紐帶,因此,在行文中不可避免地會出現(xiàn)詞語的復現(xiàn)、前后同義詞、反義詞相互照應等現(xiàn)象。
    以1995年考題為例:
    The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more __43__. The new experiments, such as those described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations __45__ of non-REM sleep. (95)
    43. A.subtle B.obvious C.mysterious D.doubtful
    45. A.in the light B.by virtue C.with the exception D.for the purpose
    分析:只要細心尋找即可發(fā)現(xiàn),文章開頭說的“the purpose of non-REM sleep”和結尾的“of non-REM sleep.”遙相呼應。所以45填D.而在后文的fascinating就指示43應填與其同義的詞,故43題選C,因為兩者都表示“神秘的、為之著迷”的意思。
    二、從慣用搭配角度考慮
    注意固定的搭配,包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如:
    Here's a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_____so much money.
    A.for B.by C.to D.of
    分析:表示“自取,隨便拿”這個意義的短語是help oneself to故答案為C.
    三、從語法角度考慮
    語法部分的測試是英語知識運用的主要內(nèi)容之一。語法包括詞法和句法,詞法研究詞形的變化,如名詞的數(shù)、格,動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)等。句法研究句子結構,如句子的成份,語序以及句子的種類等。做完型題時,應首先以句子為單位,運用所學的語法知識作出分析和判斷。例如:
    They do not provide energy, __ do they construct or build any part of the body.
    A.either B.so C.nor D.never
    分析:本題考察有關倒裝的語法知識,neither/nor否定詞+助動詞,表示:也不…
    四、從詞匯意義及用法考慮
    做完型填空題時,要注意詞義辯析的積累,包括區(qū)別同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、形近異義詞、同形異義詞。例如:
    Successful safety programs may _45_greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.
    A.alter B.differ C.shift D.distinguish
    五、從段落或句子之間的邏輯關系考慮
    做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之間的邏輯關系,這樣才能加深對文章的全面理解,因此,應熟記表達各種不同邏輯關系的連詞,這些邏輯關系詞主要包括:
    表示列舉的連詞:first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…;first,next,then…;in the first place,in the second place…;for one thing,for another thing…;to begin with,to conclude…
    表示原因的連詞:because,since,as,now that…
    表示結果的連詞:so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result
    表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞:however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever
    表示對照的連詞:on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely
    表示補充的連詞:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,what''s more,too,either,neither,not…but…,not only…but also…
    表示時間順序的連詞:when,while,as,after,before,since,until,as soon as,once
    表示目的的連詞:that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that
    表示條件的連詞:if,suppose (that),supposing (that),unless,in case,so (as) long as,so far as,on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that)
    例如:Getting enough vitamins is essential to life,although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people ____ believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. (96)
    A.nevertheless B.therefore C.moreover D.meanwhile
    六、從邏輯推理及常識等角度考慮
    解答完型填空題時,有時文章中提供的信息還不夠,還需要考生把符合常識的一些知識信息結合起來考慮,最后選出符合常識的答案。因此,考生的知識范圍越廣,對文章的理解就越容易,整體上知道所選短文在說什么,那么局部上的每一個空填起來也會得心應手。例如:
    (Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the___hospital.
    A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest
    分析: 在這樣的緊急情況下,人們的第一個反應是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī),因此答案為D.
    七、排除法
    如果不能很有把握地直接看出某一道題的答案,可以把排除法和詞匯、語法分析結合起來運用,從而縮小選擇的范圍,提高答題準確率。例如:
    Specialists in history and economic, have ____ two things
    A.manifested B.approved C.show D.speculated
    分析:這段中提到的歷史及經(jīng)濟學家們要提出事實來支持自己的觀點。Manifest指表明,顯示,主語是某事或某物,例:the photograph manifested the truth of what she said.
    approve指批準,贊同; speculate指思索,推測,不及物動詞,與on連用。從詞義和搭配上看,以上三個詞都不符合,所以排除。