一、7選5題概述
該節(jié)分為兩個(gè)部分： 主干部分和選項(xiàng)部分。
主干部分的原文為500～600詞， 其中有5段空白——空白處的位置可能在段首、段中、段末， 但不會(huì)是文章的第一句， 一般情況下也不會(huì)是最后一句。選項(xiàng)部分為6～7段文字， 每段可能是一個(gè)句子， 可能是兩三個(gè)短句， 也有可能是完整的段落。其中有5段文字分屬于主干部分的空白處。要求考生依據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的理解，從7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇出這5段文字放回文中相應(yīng)的空白處。
考生需要搞清楚主干內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)上的關(guān)系和布局， 從而分辨出選項(xiàng)部分從結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上看是屬于文章的哪個(gè)部分， 并可以與空白處的上下文有機(jī)地銜接起來。一般情況下不會(huì)有特別明顯的詞匯、句子等語言方面的提示， 也并不要求考生過分關(guān)注某一具體的細(xì)節(jié)； 而是要著眼于全文， 在理解全文內(nèi)容、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯關(guān)系（如并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、從屬關(guān)系等）的基礎(chǔ)之上，做出正確選擇。【您現(xiàn)在閱讀的文章來自“英語考試學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)”，請(qǐng)記住我們的永久域名：www.english-exam.com 】
二、 7選5題?？碱}型
（一） 主旨題
主旨題是7選5題最?？碱}型之一， 突出體現(xiàn)在段首和段尾題上?？疾槲恼轮髦荚谝欢ǔ潭壬弦彩窃诳疾榭忌目焖匍喿x力， 考查考生對(duì)文章的整體理解和把握。
1. 主旨題題型舉例
During this period the Eastern and mid Western areas of the United States were in the process of rapid industrialization. The population was rapidly increasing and many Americans found themselves living in large cities. The West, however, was still largely untouched and a frontier lifestyle persisted. There were few social institutions and the role of government was limited.（41）.
[D] Westerns are often thought to be crude and simple as they paint a romanticized and unrealistic portrait of the American West of the time.
[E] Because of the changes occurring in the more densely settled regions of the United States, the lifestyle of the West was of considerable fascination to both Americans and foreigners.
題解：
根據(jù)段落意思， 41題應(yīng)為該段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)性語句， 因此應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇選項(xiàng)E。
2. 主旨題應(yīng)試技巧
筆者建議考生在做主旨題題型時(shí)遵循這樣的原則： 因?yàn)榇祟愵}干擾性， 難度也， 考生需讀完全文才能準(zhǔn)確把握文章主題， 所以考生拿到這種題時(shí)， 不要急于去找答案， 不論其出現(xiàn)在什么位置都把它作為最后一道題來做， 因?yàn)樵谧隽硗馑牡李}時(shí)， 無疑有助于加深對(duì)整個(gè)文章的理解。而且， 事實(shí)上， 首先做主旨題， 考生往往還會(huì)回過頭來核查答案， 這樣耗時(shí)間， 做題效率低。
3. 主旨題干擾項(xiàng)的特征
(1) 以偏概全
以偏概全是主旨題干擾選項(xiàng)最常見的特點(diǎn)， 它是指主旨題的選項(xiàng)只涉及文章中的細(xì)節(jié)：
① 某個(gè)自然段中的細(xì)節(jié)， 如一句未展開論述的話；
② 某自然段的大意。包含局部信息的選項(xiàng)不能成為主旨題的答案。包含自然段大意的選項(xiàng)干擾性很強(qiáng)， 做題時(shí)尤其應(yīng)該留神。
(2) 范圍過寬
這是指選項(xiàng)包含的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容，過于籠統(tǒng)。
(3) 陌生概念
陌生概念是指從文章本身無法推斷出來的信息， 即文章中未提到、找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。
二） 邏輯關(guān)系題
1. 邏輯關(guān)系題題型舉例
(43）There were also crablike creatures， whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs， one pair for walking on the sandy bottom， the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes， often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex， and among these are the sealilies， relations of the starfishes， which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed， or to rocks.
[F] When an animal dies， the body， its bones， or shell， may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud.More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
題解：
該題的解題關(guān)鍵是注意also所表達(dá)的并列關(guān)系， 所以該題選E。
2. 邏輯關(guān)系題之因果條件題
（1） 因果條件題題型舉例
Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals， consisting of meat， vegetables， and sometimes desert， all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. (44）
[A] Thus， as economists point out： “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods， which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”
[B] They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?
題解：
因果條件題是邏輯關(guān)系題中最常出現(xiàn)的一種類型。例如本題，根據(jù)段落意思， 可以判斷44題是一道因果結(jié)論題， 所以選A。
（2） 表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的詞匯銜接手段
表示因果關(guān)系的名詞： basis （根據(jù)）， result， consequence， reason；
表示因果關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞： result in （結(jié)果）， result from （由于， 由……）， follow from （……結(jié)果）， base...on... （以……為基礎(chǔ)）， be due to （由于）；
表示因果關(guān)系的連詞或介詞： because， since， for， as， therefore， so， thus， why， with；
表示因果關(guān)系的副詞： as a result， consequently 等。
（3） 表達(dá)條件關(guān)系的詞匯銜接手段
① 以when、if、as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的條件從句；
② 文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的條件關(guān)系——通常由一些表示條件關(guān)系的詞匯手段表達(dá)： 如 depend upon （取決于）， determine （決定）等。
（三） 例證題
1. 例證題題型舉例
As well， there are 2，000 transmitter towers around Australia， many in high density residential areas. (43）
[E] For example， Telstra， Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
[F] The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.
題解：
根據(jù)towers的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系， 選擇E為正確答案。這是一道典型的例證題。
2. 例證題應(yīng)試技巧
例證題為7選5題型的?？键c(diǎn)之一， 所以閱讀時(shí)對(duì)于for example， for instance， such as， as 等引出的例子可以注意， 劃下這幾個(gè)提示詞， 以便做題時(shí)查找。由于閱讀文章大都是說明文和議論文， 所以文章中舉出一些例子無非是為了說明一定的道理。無論例子在原文的何處出現(xiàn)， 這個(gè)例子之前或之后不遠(yuǎn)處通常都有一句總結(jié)說明性的話， 這句話是例子所說明的觀點(diǎn)，因此是解題的關(guān)鍵， 要特別關(guān)注。
3. 表達(dá)例證題的注意事項(xiàng)
（1） 詞匯銜接手段 illustrate （例證）， give an example （舉例）， verify （證實(shí)）， for instance（例如）， for example （例如）。
（2） 注意例證所在段落的主題句。
例證選項(xiàng)與例證所在段的概括段落思想的主題句具有一致性。因?yàn)榕e例的目的是為了說明觀點(diǎn)， 而段落中的例子大多是說明段落主題思想的。
（四） 定義題
1. 定義題題型舉例
(44）Of these， the ammonites are very interesting and important.They have a shell composed of many chambers， each representing a temporary home of the animal.As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one.Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
[A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
[B] Nevertheless， we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape， how they walked， the kind of food they ate.
題解：
給陌生概念下定義， 往往出現(xiàn)在文中或段落靠前的地方， 因此定義選項(xiàng)往往成為段首題的寵兒， 所以該題選A。
2. 定義題應(yīng)試技巧
定義題的出現(xiàn)往往與文章結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)系， 根據(jù)英文的寫作習(xí)慣， 定義出現(xiàn)在段首的情況居多。因此， 如果出題點(diǎn)在段首， 則可以先考慮是否為定義題。
該節(jié)分為兩個(gè)部分： 主干部分和選項(xiàng)部分。
主干部分的原文為500～600詞， 其中有5段空白——空白處的位置可能在段首、段中、段末， 但不會(huì)是文章的第一句， 一般情況下也不會(huì)是最后一句。選項(xiàng)部分為6～7段文字， 每段可能是一個(gè)句子， 可能是兩三個(gè)短句， 也有可能是完整的段落。其中有5段文字分屬于主干部分的空白處。要求考生依據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的理解，從7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇出這5段文字放回文中相應(yīng)的空白處。
考生需要搞清楚主干內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)上的關(guān)系和布局， 從而分辨出選項(xiàng)部分從結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上看是屬于文章的哪個(gè)部分， 并可以與空白處的上下文有機(jī)地銜接起來。一般情況下不會(huì)有特別明顯的詞匯、句子等語言方面的提示， 也并不要求考生過分關(guān)注某一具體的細(xì)節(jié)； 而是要著眼于全文， 在理解全文內(nèi)容、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯關(guān)系（如并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、從屬關(guān)系等）的基礎(chǔ)之上，做出正確選擇。【您現(xiàn)在閱讀的文章來自“英語考試學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)”，請(qǐng)記住我們的永久域名：www.english-exam.com 】
二、 7選5題?？碱}型
（一） 主旨題
主旨題是7選5題最?？碱}型之一， 突出體現(xiàn)在段首和段尾題上?？疾槲恼轮髦荚谝欢ǔ潭壬弦彩窃诳疾榭忌目焖匍喿x力， 考查考生對(duì)文章的整體理解和把握。
1. 主旨題題型舉例
During this period the Eastern and mid Western areas of the United States were in the process of rapid industrialization. The population was rapidly increasing and many Americans found themselves living in large cities. The West, however, was still largely untouched and a frontier lifestyle persisted. There were few social institutions and the role of government was limited.（41）.
[D] Westerns are often thought to be crude and simple as they paint a romanticized and unrealistic portrait of the American West of the time.
[E] Because of the changes occurring in the more densely settled regions of the United States, the lifestyle of the West was of considerable fascination to both Americans and foreigners.
題解：
根據(jù)段落意思， 41題應(yīng)為該段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)性語句， 因此應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇選項(xiàng)E。
2. 主旨題應(yīng)試技巧
筆者建議考生在做主旨題題型時(shí)遵循這樣的原則： 因?yàn)榇祟愵}干擾性， 難度也， 考生需讀完全文才能準(zhǔn)確把握文章主題， 所以考生拿到這種題時(shí)， 不要急于去找答案， 不論其出現(xiàn)在什么位置都把它作為最后一道題來做， 因?yàn)樵谧隽硗馑牡李}時(shí)， 無疑有助于加深對(duì)整個(gè)文章的理解。而且， 事實(shí)上， 首先做主旨題， 考生往往還會(huì)回過頭來核查答案， 這樣耗時(shí)間， 做題效率低。
3. 主旨題干擾項(xiàng)的特征
(1) 以偏概全
以偏概全是主旨題干擾選項(xiàng)最常見的特點(diǎn)， 它是指主旨題的選項(xiàng)只涉及文章中的細(xì)節(jié)：
① 某個(gè)自然段中的細(xì)節(jié)， 如一句未展開論述的話；
② 某自然段的大意。包含局部信息的選項(xiàng)不能成為主旨題的答案。包含自然段大意的選項(xiàng)干擾性很強(qiáng)， 做題時(shí)尤其應(yīng)該留神。
(2) 范圍過寬
這是指選項(xiàng)包含的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容，過于籠統(tǒng)。
(3) 陌生概念
陌生概念是指從文章本身無法推斷出來的信息， 即文章中未提到、找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。
二） 邏輯關(guān)系題
1. 邏輯關(guān)系題題型舉例
(43）There were also crablike creatures， whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs， one pair for walking on the sandy bottom， the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes， often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.
[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex， and among these are the sealilies， relations of the starfishes， which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed， or to rocks.
[F] When an animal dies， the body， its bones， or shell， may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud.More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.
題解：
該題的解題關(guān)鍵是注意also所表達(dá)的并列關(guān)系， 所以該題選E。
2. 邏輯關(guān)系題之因果條件題
（1） 因果條件題題型舉例
Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals， consisting of meat， vegetables， and sometimes desert， all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. (44）
[A] Thus， as economists point out： “Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods， which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”
[B] They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?
題解：
因果條件題是邏輯關(guān)系題中最常出現(xiàn)的一種類型。例如本題，根據(jù)段落意思， 可以判斷44題是一道因果結(jié)論題， 所以選A。
（2） 表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的詞匯銜接手段
表示因果關(guān)系的名詞： basis （根據(jù)）， result， consequence， reason；
表示因果關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞： result in （結(jié)果）， result from （由于， 由……）， follow from （……結(jié)果）， base...on... （以……為基礎(chǔ)）， be due to （由于）；
表示因果關(guān)系的連詞或介詞： because， since， for， as， therefore， so， thus， why， with；
表示因果關(guān)系的副詞： as a result， consequently 等。
（3） 表達(dá)條件關(guān)系的詞匯銜接手段
① 以when、if、as 等連詞引導(dǎo)的條件從句；
② 文章中細(xì)節(jié)性的條件關(guān)系——通常由一些表示條件關(guān)系的詞匯手段表達(dá)： 如 depend upon （取決于）， determine （決定）等。
（三） 例證題
1. 例證題題型舉例
As well， there are 2，000 transmitter towers around Australia， many in high density residential areas. (43）
[E] For example， Telstra， Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
[F] The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.
題解：
根據(jù)towers的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系， 選擇E為正確答案。這是一道典型的例證題。
2. 例證題應(yīng)試技巧
例證題為7選5題型的?？键c(diǎn)之一， 所以閱讀時(shí)對(duì)于for example， for instance， such as， as 等引出的例子可以注意， 劃下這幾個(gè)提示詞， 以便做題時(shí)查找。由于閱讀文章大都是說明文和議論文， 所以文章中舉出一些例子無非是為了說明一定的道理。無論例子在原文的何處出現(xiàn)， 這個(gè)例子之前或之后不遠(yuǎn)處通常都有一句總結(jié)說明性的話， 這句話是例子所說明的觀點(diǎn)，因此是解題的關(guān)鍵， 要特別關(guān)注。
3. 表達(dá)例證題的注意事項(xiàng)
（1） 詞匯銜接手段 illustrate （例證）， give an example （舉例）， verify （證實(shí)）， for instance（例如）， for example （例如）。
（2） 注意例證所在段落的主題句。
例證選項(xiàng)與例證所在段的概括段落思想的主題句具有一致性。因?yàn)榕e例的目的是為了說明觀點(diǎn)， 而段落中的例子大多是說明段落主題思想的。
（四） 定義題
1. 定義題題型舉例
(44）Of these， the ammonites are very interesting and important.They have a shell composed of many chambers， each representing a temporary home of the animal.As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one.Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.
[A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.
[B] Nevertheless， we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape， how they walked， the kind of food they ate.
題解：
給陌生概念下定義， 往往出現(xiàn)在文中或段落靠前的地方， 因此定義選項(xiàng)往往成為段首題的寵兒， 所以該題選A。
2. 定義題應(yīng)試技巧
定義題的出現(xiàn)往往與文章結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)系， 根據(jù)英文的寫作習(xí)慣， 定義出現(xiàn)在段首的情況居多。因此， 如果出題點(diǎn)在段首， 則可以先考慮是否為定義題。