Ohour按語: 這里寫的一切,僅是個人對寫作的一點淺見,不當之處,希望高手批評指正;同時也希望對考友有所啟示。因為時間很緊,文中有些打字錯誤,請原諒。
另外,對于處于寫作初級階段的朋友,ohou有幾篇對一些朋文章的分析評論在《真正的作文水平提高!請你找錯兒!05真題作文自己寫(網(wǎng)友寫真題作文匯總討論貼)》板塊中,朋友們可以參考。
下面以《真正的作文水平提高!請你找錯兒!05真題作文自己寫(網(wǎng)友寫真題作文匯總討論貼)》板塊中willingking 在39樓 “TO 37 樓 rurutangdou”的那篇A computer addiction為例來說明,也作為對willingking邀請回答的致謝。
下面以willingking的第一段來剖析得失。
willingking的第一段析評:
As is shown by the above picture, we can see a hand which is putting on a computer mouse. The mouse is linked to the computer closely by an iron chain. Studying further, we will obtain more meanings. First and foremost, the iron chain stands for the addiction to the computer. Besides, the hand presents people who nearly have a habit/strong interest in using/use computers.
總體評語:
總得來說,第一段如果作為應試的文章還可以將就。但是如果從寫作的角度上說,就顯得很平淡了,只是簡單地描述了一下圖畫,指出了其中的喻義而已。這樣來寫來,文章的價值就顯得不夠。就這樣一件事真的值得寫一篇文章來討論嗎?讀者或許會這樣發(fā)問的。
如果想要把文章寫活,對于這一幅畫就應當“小題大做”。第一段中似乎應當造成某種沖突。我們甚至不必想象就知道,電腦原本是應方便、快捷之運而產(chǎn)生的。而圖畫中則變成了一種耗費時間與精力的事物了——它的功能在某種意義上走向了反面。
另外,這一部分中還缺少了控制全篇的主題陳述。這樣一來,這一段讀完,讀者仍然不知道作者究竟有什么樣的觀點,看法。這是一個比較嚴重的失誤。
技巧評語:
從第三句開始的寫法還是可以的。首先指出了圖畫有多重意義。后面兩句具體敘述意義體現(xiàn)在什么地方。語句之間還有過渡詞語,兩重意義體現(xiàn)得較為清晰。
語言評價:
第一句有點羅嗦,而表現(xiàn)力不夠。其實為了突出人受電腦的控制,完全可以這樣來寫 As is shown in the picture, a hand is glued tightly/firmly to the mouse。這一句中的其他不足在于As…picture中,介詞應當用in; we…mouse至少可以更簡潔:we can see a hand on a computer mouse.
第二句中的will用得不好,語氣有點生硬,不如用may顯得柔和。另外,meaning也不準確,似應當用implications。
第四句表達欠準確,我的意思是指該句沒有能夠充分體現(xiàn)電腦對人的控制。另外,該句中的過渡詞語first and foremost中的and foremost是沒有用的。事實上,第四、五句之間看不出哪個比哪個重要。這里用了foremost人為加強第一層含義,顯得沒有道理。提醒作者們注意,過渡詞語只能表現(xiàn)被描述事物之間的關系,而不能夠創(chuàng)造它們之間的關系?;蛟Swillingking是背模板套用的,但這樣的只套用而不活用顯然對作寫是不利的,讓人覺得這個過渡詞語是陳詞濫腔。
關于引入部分的寫作
很多朋友對這一分部寫作的功能不太清楚。我們可以問這樣一個問題:為什么考研作文要考生對圖畫進行描述?難道是僅僅為了考察考生的語言描述能力?以不才愚見,這個回答是站不住的。因為,如果是僅僅為了考察考生的語言描述能力,考生在作文中其他地方表現(xiàn)出來的語言能力就足可以讓人判斷出考生的語言水平如何了。其實,引入段的有其在成文過程中的功能。
第一是引入話題;
第二是為整篇文章墊定價值意義,也就是這個話題為什么值得寫這篇文章;
第三是作者對話題中涉及的事物提出自己明確、個體的看法,亦即陳述統(tǒng)攝全篇的主題思想。這一點很重要;英語寫作(說明文與議論文)一般是不需要也不應當讓讀者去歸納主題思想的,作者應當將自己的看法、觀點明確的告訴讀者。
(這里需要指出的是,在這個論壇中,很多作文練習缺乏主題陳述,以致造成文章中后面的擴展段落部分常常走題。讓人讀了覺得“言雖多而不要其中”。可見在引入部分不寫主題陳述不僅對讀者造成不便,也容易使作者——尤其是初級英語寫作者——難以控制自己的思路。)
而這上面三點中第三、第二點比第一點更重要。因為第三點控制著全文,第二點決定了第一點的寫法。所以有時候作者會在第一段的一開始就提出看法、觀點,然后再去描述現(xiàn)象或事件;而有時候作者會在引入部分先進行描述,然后才提出看法、觀點。兩種寫法的差異無法歸納而條理化——至少在下沒有這種能力,抱歉了;所以請大家在平時的閱讀中自己體會。一般情況下,作者的觀點是不會出現(xiàn)在描述過程中的;也就是說,大家要么將主題陳述放在引入部分的開始,要么放在這一部分的最后。但無論如何,陳述主題必需的。
也正是因為以上三點在引入部分的重要性的不同,對于事件的描述,有的時候是可以放入一個從句中去而成為一種背景信息,而不必非將它作為獨立的部分寫出不可(這一點請不熟悉作文模板的考友勿試,試不好會畫虎不成反類犬的,請謹慎)。
就willingking的第一段試改如下,以供參考。
As is shown in the picture above, a hand is tightly glued to a computer mouse linked to a personal computer by an iron chain. Clearly, the iron chain stands for the control of the computer over the person who indulges himself in the cyberspace. An implication from the picture can be figured out that the personal computer, a high-tech device originally created for saving time and energy so as to benefit humankind, ironically turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people.
willingking的第二段析評:
Obviously, it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common and serious problem: today, more and more people indulge themselves in playing computers . Due to lack of self-control, people indulge in computer deeply. What's more, this addiction does more harm to humankind than good. For instance, when a student gets lost in games, he should loses his interest in study. Similarly, when an adult indulges in on-line games, he may totally lacks concern about other stuffs. By indulging in games, they may get lost when they are dropping into the fictitious characters and fabricated stories and may not care for the reality.
總體評語:
這一段寫得甚至還不如第一段。首先,第一句中more and more people indulge …computers這里的語義已與第一段中的addiction有簡單復重之嫌。而第二句則更是如此,直截了當?shù)刂貜偷谝痪渲械膇ndulge。以不才愚見,這兩句如果要保留其中一句,那也應當將這一句放到上面一段中去,直接將這作為一個問題(problem)接在對圖畫的描述之后,或放在對圖畫的描述之前,作為引入句。
這一段還有一個毛病,讀起來讓人覺得是為了說問題而說問題。不太像是第一段合乎邏輯的發(fā)展。在下猜測,可能是作者寫到這里不知怎樣下筆才出了如此下策。
技巧評語:
從第三句開始的寫作意識還算不錯。第三句可以算作一個比較淺顯的觀點,第四、五句可以看作是對第三句的舉例說明。然而第六句呢,在下看不出這一句的具體功用:它似乎應當是一個與第三句平行或深入的一個觀點,卻無下文加以擴展,說明;又像是對前兩個事例的總體評說,如果真是這樣,那么作者就并沒有明確地表現(xiàn)這一點。第六句的寫作是犯了寫作的大忌,語句功能不清。
語言評語:
第一句,套用寫作模板,機械的歷害?!璱t goes without saying that可以直接刪除,aims也可以去掉,common太過分,不如用wide spread。另外,what’s more這個過渡詞無法使得下文與前面兩句銜接起來,起不到承上啟下的作用。第四、五句中分別有很不應該犯的語法失誤:he should loses; he may…lacks處的兩個動詞都應當用原形。
關于擴展部分的寫作。
關于擴展部分的寫作,很多寫作教材從寫技巧的方面有說明,什么舉例啦,比較啦,討論因果啦,……等等。當然這些技巧是有用的。問題是什么時候來用,沒有一本教材告訴大家。這是做不到的。這樣一來,既使大家知道了這些技巧的說法,卻仍然不能寫出像樣的文章。其中有兩個可能重要原因,第一,引入段落中沒有主題陳述,造成擴展部分沒有依托,不知從哪里下筆;第二,有了一些想法,但卻不知道這些想法中哪里需要擴展。(這只是我讀論壇中作文練習作的推測,如果大家在寫擴展部分其他原因[語言表達除外]請寫貼回復,供我思考,幫我進步,先謝過了。)
其實,擴展部分的功能就是對引入部分中主題陳述的解釋說明。也就是將主題陳述中最關鍵的那一點寫清楚。如果那一點可以分為多個方面來說,那一般情況下擴展部就應當有相應的幾個段落。如果要將這幾個方面放入一個段落來寫,那得有相當高的語言、結構能力才行;否則容易寫亂。
對于擴展部分的寫作,首先要將主題陳述分方面/分小點,每一個小點應是一個分觀點。然后對于這個分觀點中那一部分是關鍵詞語(當然有時候整個語句都重要),后續(xù)的句子就可是說明、釋義、突出意義等等策略使用,以寫作中舉例、因果、過程描述……技巧來體現(xiàn)。
舉我上面對willingking第一段修改后的最后一句為起點(那一句是控制全篇的主題陳述)來說明。
這一句是主題陳述。其中主要信息是the personal computer turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people。而這一句中關鍵詞語是murdering time and energy而已。因此下文只須擴展這兩點即可,也就是讓讀者看,電腦如今是如何糟蹋相當一部人的時間和精力的。
那么文章的第二個自然段就應當圍繞第一個方面:murdering time來擴展;第三個自然段圍繞murdering energy來擴展。在考研中可以將這兩個自然段合而為一,不過要很好地使用過渡詞語,以表明這兩點之間的關系。
當然第二段的寫作,一般不會直接說the personal computer murders the time of those who indulge in it. 這里須要將murder換成consume,因為主題陳述中的murder原本就一個比喻的用法,這里還原本義。但是還原本義之后,卻不能體現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度了,解決辦法是添加副詞來修飾,以表明作者的態(tài)度。順便說一句,形容詞、副詞不是隨便用的。用它們是為了準確表達,增強文章的表現(xiàn)力。這里可很簡單地加上worthlessly, 或uselessly,insignificantly……,但不能用meaninglessly。這樣第二段的開始句(主題句)便可輕易地寫出來了。The personal computer worthlessly consumes the time of those addicted to it./Those addicted to the personal computer always spend worthlessly their time on it.
有了主題句,后面就該圍繞這一主題句中consume worthlessly/spend worthlessly進行擴展,這個語詞可稱作這一段落的支配觀點。如何擴展呢?先來分析一下這個短語中到底含有什么,第一,consume/spend,耗費時間;第二,worthless,毫無價值,甚至有害。
關于consume/spend的擴展現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變化的很清晰了,只要寫出電腦耗了那些人大量的時間就可以了。至于怎樣表現(xiàn)大量間不須我再說了,舉例就行了。
然后擴展worthless,這里也很晰了,只須寫出這些時間毫無回報,甚會遺害。也是舉例就可以了。見下文。
As is shown in the picture above, a hand is tightly glued to a computer mouse linked to a personal computer by an iron chain. Clearly, the iron chain stands for the control of the computer over the person who indulges himself in the cyberspace. An implication from the picture can be figured out that the personal computer, a high-tech device originally created for saving time and energy so as to benefit humankind, ironically turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people.
The personal computer worthlessly consumes the time of those addicted to it. A survey shows the average time spent on it of those addicted amounts to 16 hours a day. And the minimum continuous time spent on thel computer is 12 hours, while the maximum soars surprisingly to 168 hours—a whole week! Needlessly to say, the computer has eaten up their time for work, for sports and, worse still, their precious time for rest—a natural activity for refreshment to keep the body functioning normally.
The personal computer has also depleted their vigor. In the survey, almost all those computer freaks feel sluggish in their jobs. They have lost their interests in outdoor activities. Some even become so feeble that they sweat when standing for a short while. It seems that they are being burned out by the high-tech monster.
willingking的第三段析評:
What should be done to cope with this severe phenomenon? In the first place, we must advertise more on this subject by mass media, in order to keep folks informed of the harm of abusing computers. In the second place, an education campaign must be launched, particularly among the get-use-to-computers young people. In the third place, the government should pass through relevant laws to limit on-line games. All in all, the whole society should try their best to solve this problem.
總體評語
第三段willinging總體上寫得不錯,提出了具體的解決辦法,呼應了文章的一開始,沒有走題,不錯。問題在于辦法雖多,卻基本上沒有寫清楚為什么可以用這些辦法的理由。這樣一來,辦法的可信度、意義就大打折扣了。
技巧評語
還可以。但還是顯得欠靈活。其實,只需提出一種辦法,說清楚它的好處就可以了。另外,第一句像是湊字數(shù);這一問是不必要的。另外最后一句并沒有能夠圍繞這一段中的前面三個辦法來總述,顯得大而無當。這似乎也是很多初學英語寫作者的通病,喜歡大發(fā)感慨。
語言評語
羅嗦。第一句當刪除。第二in the first place,可改為firstly; 后面的至少可改為we must inform them the harms from abusing computers by the mass media; 所以第一句可以改成,To solve the problem, we must inform them the harms of abusing computers。 后面的類似,不再贅言。總的來說,語言過于追求復雜,使得要點淹沒于眼花繚亂的詞語和句式之中。
關于結尾
結尾部分的主要功能再于呼應主題,使得文章有完整性。至于結尾的方法,多數(shù)寫作教材都有說明。這里不再多說。但有一點還可提醒大家,結尾中該說清楚的地方還是要說清楚的。比如willingking的結尾沒有提出每種辦法的回報會體現(xiàn)在什么地方,因而結尾在細節(jié)方面不太成功。
As is shown in the picture above, a hand is tightly glued to a computer mouse linked to a personal computer by an iron chain. Clearly, the iron chain stands for the control of the computer over the person who indulges himself in the cyberspace. An implication from the picture can be figured out that the personal computer, a high-tech device originally created for saving time and energy so as to benefit humankind, ironically turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people.
The personal computer worthlessly consumes the time of those addicted to it. A survey shows the average time spent on it of those addicted amounts to 16 hours a day. And the minimum continuous time spent on the personal computer is 12 hours, while the maximum soars surprisingly to 168 hour—a whole week! Needlessly to say, the computer has eaten up their time for work, for sports and, worse still, their precious time for rest—an natural activity for refreshment to keep the body functioning normally.
The personal computer has also depleted their vigor. They survey finds almost all those computer freaks feel sluggish in their jobs as a result of staying too long before the computer. They also have lost their enthusiasms for outdoor activities. Some even become so feeble that they sweat when standing for a short while. It seems that they are being burned out by the high-tech monster.
The sole way for the addicts to restore the proper use of the computer relies on themselves. Only when they have a sound recognition that the computer is but a tool to facilitate their life instead of their master can they develop their self-control. If they can limit their time on using the computer within 6 hours a day, their life will be freed from the trap of the computer and will return to its track.
當然,這篇文章這樣寫還是有“小兒科”之嫌。只不過是將一篇短文寫得有點像而已。如果真要寫有關這一話題的文章,肯定是不會這樣寫的。比如,不才會去探討人們耽溺于電腦空間的心理原因了。然而如果那樣來寫,恐怕會寫得很復雜,不是一篇入門短文的能容納的。
另外,對于處于寫作初級階段的朋友,ohou有幾篇對一些朋文章的分析評論在《真正的作文水平提高!請你找錯兒!05真題作文自己寫(網(wǎng)友寫真題作文匯總討論貼)》板塊中,朋友們可以參考。
下面以《真正的作文水平提高!請你找錯兒!05真題作文自己寫(網(wǎng)友寫真題作文匯總討論貼)》板塊中willingking 在39樓 “TO 37 樓 rurutangdou”的那篇A computer addiction為例來說明,也作為對willingking邀請回答的致謝。
下面以willingking的第一段來剖析得失。
willingking的第一段析評:
As is shown by the above picture, we can see a hand which is putting on a computer mouse. The mouse is linked to the computer closely by an iron chain. Studying further, we will obtain more meanings. First and foremost, the iron chain stands for the addiction to the computer. Besides, the hand presents people who nearly have a habit/strong interest in using/use computers.
總體評語:
總得來說,第一段如果作為應試的文章還可以將就。但是如果從寫作的角度上說,就顯得很平淡了,只是簡單地描述了一下圖畫,指出了其中的喻義而已。這樣來寫來,文章的價值就顯得不夠。就這樣一件事真的值得寫一篇文章來討論嗎?讀者或許會這樣發(fā)問的。
如果想要把文章寫活,對于這一幅畫就應當“小題大做”。第一段中似乎應當造成某種沖突。我們甚至不必想象就知道,電腦原本是應方便、快捷之運而產(chǎn)生的。而圖畫中則變成了一種耗費時間與精力的事物了——它的功能在某種意義上走向了反面。
另外,這一部分中還缺少了控制全篇的主題陳述。這樣一來,這一段讀完,讀者仍然不知道作者究竟有什么樣的觀點,看法。這是一個比較嚴重的失誤。
技巧評語:
從第三句開始的寫法還是可以的。首先指出了圖畫有多重意義。后面兩句具體敘述意義體現(xiàn)在什么地方。語句之間還有過渡詞語,兩重意義體現(xiàn)得較為清晰。
語言評價:
第一句有點羅嗦,而表現(xiàn)力不夠。其實為了突出人受電腦的控制,完全可以這樣來寫 As is shown in the picture, a hand is glued tightly/firmly to the mouse。這一句中的其他不足在于As…picture中,介詞應當用in; we…mouse至少可以更簡潔:we can see a hand on a computer mouse.
第二句中的will用得不好,語氣有點生硬,不如用may顯得柔和。另外,meaning也不準確,似應當用implications。
第四句表達欠準確,我的意思是指該句沒有能夠充分體現(xiàn)電腦對人的控制。另外,該句中的過渡詞語first and foremost中的and foremost是沒有用的。事實上,第四、五句之間看不出哪個比哪個重要。這里用了foremost人為加強第一層含義,顯得沒有道理。提醒作者們注意,過渡詞語只能表現(xiàn)被描述事物之間的關系,而不能夠創(chuàng)造它們之間的關系?;蛟Swillingking是背模板套用的,但這樣的只套用而不活用顯然對作寫是不利的,讓人覺得這個過渡詞語是陳詞濫腔。
關于引入部分的寫作
很多朋友對這一分部寫作的功能不太清楚。我們可以問這樣一個問題:為什么考研作文要考生對圖畫進行描述?難道是僅僅為了考察考生的語言描述能力?以不才愚見,這個回答是站不住的。因為,如果是僅僅為了考察考生的語言描述能力,考生在作文中其他地方表現(xiàn)出來的語言能力就足可以讓人判斷出考生的語言水平如何了。其實,引入段的有其在成文過程中的功能。
第一是引入話題;
第二是為整篇文章墊定價值意義,也就是這個話題為什么值得寫這篇文章;
第三是作者對話題中涉及的事物提出自己明確、個體的看法,亦即陳述統(tǒng)攝全篇的主題思想。這一點很重要;英語寫作(說明文與議論文)一般是不需要也不應當讓讀者去歸納主題思想的,作者應當將自己的看法、觀點明確的告訴讀者。
(這里需要指出的是,在這個論壇中,很多作文練習缺乏主題陳述,以致造成文章中后面的擴展段落部分常常走題。讓人讀了覺得“言雖多而不要其中”。可見在引入部分不寫主題陳述不僅對讀者造成不便,也容易使作者——尤其是初級英語寫作者——難以控制自己的思路。)
而這上面三點中第三、第二點比第一點更重要。因為第三點控制著全文,第二點決定了第一點的寫法。所以有時候作者會在第一段的一開始就提出看法、觀點,然后再去描述現(xiàn)象或事件;而有時候作者會在引入部分先進行描述,然后才提出看法、觀點。兩種寫法的差異無法歸納而條理化——至少在下沒有這種能力,抱歉了;所以請大家在平時的閱讀中自己體會。一般情況下,作者的觀點是不會出現(xiàn)在描述過程中的;也就是說,大家要么將主題陳述放在引入部分的開始,要么放在這一部分的最后。但無論如何,陳述主題必需的。
也正是因為以上三點在引入部分的重要性的不同,對于事件的描述,有的時候是可以放入一個從句中去而成為一種背景信息,而不必非將它作為獨立的部分寫出不可(這一點請不熟悉作文模板的考友勿試,試不好會畫虎不成反類犬的,請謹慎)。
就willingking的第一段試改如下,以供參考。
As is shown in the picture above, a hand is tightly glued to a computer mouse linked to a personal computer by an iron chain. Clearly, the iron chain stands for the control of the computer over the person who indulges himself in the cyberspace. An implication from the picture can be figured out that the personal computer, a high-tech device originally created for saving time and energy so as to benefit humankind, ironically turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people.
willingking的第二段析評:
Obviously, it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common and serious problem: today, more and more people indulge themselves in playing computers . Due to lack of self-control, people indulge in computer deeply. What's more, this addiction does more harm to humankind than good. For instance, when a student gets lost in games, he should loses his interest in study. Similarly, when an adult indulges in on-line games, he may totally lacks concern about other stuffs. By indulging in games, they may get lost when they are dropping into the fictitious characters and fabricated stories and may not care for the reality.
總體評語:
這一段寫得甚至還不如第一段。首先,第一句中more and more people indulge …computers這里的語義已與第一段中的addiction有簡單復重之嫌。而第二句則更是如此,直截了當?shù)刂貜偷谝痪渲械膇ndulge。以不才愚見,這兩句如果要保留其中一句,那也應當將這一句放到上面一段中去,直接將這作為一個問題(problem)接在對圖畫的描述之后,或放在對圖畫的描述之前,作為引入句。
這一段還有一個毛病,讀起來讓人覺得是為了說問題而說問題。不太像是第一段合乎邏輯的發(fā)展。在下猜測,可能是作者寫到這里不知怎樣下筆才出了如此下策。
技巧評語:
從第三句開始的寫作意識還算不錯。第三句可以算作一個比較淺顯的觀點,第四、五句可以看作是對第三句的舉例說明。然而第六句呢,在下看不出這一句的具體功用:它似乎應當是一個與第三句平行或深入的一個觀點,卻無下文加以擴展,說明;又像是對前兩個事例的總體評說,如果真是這樣,那么作者就并沒有明確地表現(xiàn)這一點。第六句的寫作是犯了寫作的大忌,語句功能不清。
語言評語:
第一句,套用寫作模板,機械的歷害?!璱t goes without saying that可以直接刪除,aims也可以去掉,common太過分,不如用wide spread。另外,what’s more這個過渡詞無法使得下文與前面兩句銜接起來,起不到承上啟下的作用。第四、五句中分別有很不應該犯的語法失誤:he should loses; he may…lacks處的兩個動詞都應當用原形。
關于擴展部分的寫作。
關于擴展部分的寫作,很多寫作教材從寫技巧的方面有說明,什么舉例啦,比較啦,討論因果啦,……等等。當然這些技巧是有用的。問題是什么時候來用,沒有一本教材告訴大家。這是做不到的。這樣一來,既使大家知道了這些技巧的說法,卻仍然不能寫出像樣的文章。其中有兩個可能重要原因,第一,引入段落中沒有主題陳述,造成擴展部分沒有依托,不知從哪里下筆;第二,有了一些想法,但卻不知道這些想法中哪里需要擴展。(這只是我讀論壇中作文練習作的推測,如果大家在寫擴展部分其他原因[語言表達除外]請寫貼回復,供我思考,幫我進步,先謝過了。)
其實,擴展部分的功能就是對引入部分中主題陳述的解釋說明。也就是將主題陳述中最關鍵的那一點寫清楚。如果那一點可以分為多個方面來說,那一般情況下擴展部就應當有相應的幾個段落。如果要將這幾個方面放入一個段落來寫,那得有相當高的語言、結構能力才行;否則容易寫亂。
對于擴展部分的寫作,首先要將主題陳述分方面/分小點,每一個小點應是一個分觀點。然后對于這個分觀點中那一部分是關鍵詞語(當然有時候整個語句都重要),后續(xù)的句子就可是說明、釋義、突出意義等等策略使用,以寫作中舉例、因果、過程描述……技巧來體現(xiàn)。
舉我上面對willingking第一段修改后的最后一句為起點(那一句是控制全篇的主題陳述)來說明。
這一句是主題陳述。其中主要信息是the personal computer turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people。而這一句中關鍵詞語是murdering time and energy而已。因此下文只須擴展這兩點即可,也就是讓讀者看,電腦如今是如何糟蹋相當一部人的時間和精力的。
那么文章的第二個自然段就應當圍繞第一個方面:murdering time來擴展;第三個自然段圍繞murdering energy來擴展。在考研中可以將這兩個自然段合而為一,不過要很好地使用過渡詞語,以表明這兩點之間的關系。
當然第二段的寫作,一般不會直接說the personal computer murders the time of those who indulge in it. 這里須要將murder換成consume,因為主題陳述中的murder原本就一個比喻的用法,這里還原本義。但是還原本義之后,卻不能體現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度了,解決辦法是添加副詞來修飾,以表明作者的態(tài)度。順便說一句,形容詞、副詞不是隨便用的。用它們是為了準確表達,增強文章的表現(xiàn)力。這里可很簡單地加上worthlessly, 或uselessly,insignificantly……,但不能用meaninglessly。這樣第二段的開始句(主題句)便可輕易地寫出來了。The personal computer worthlessly consumes the time of those addicted to it./Those addicted to the personal computer always spend worthlessly their time on it.
有了主題句,后面就該圍繞這一主題句中consume worthlessly/spend worthlessly進行擴展,這個語詞可稱作這一段落的支配觀點。如何擴展呢?先來分析一下這個短語中到底含有什么,第一,consume/spend,耗費時間;第二,worthless,毫無價值,甚至有害。
關于consume/spend的擴展現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變化的很清晰了,只要寫出電腦耗了那些人大量的時間就可以了。至于怎樣表現(xiàn)大量間不須我再說了,舉例就行了。
然后擴展worthless,這里也很晰了,只須寫出這些時間毫無回報,甚會遺害。也是舉例就可以了。見下文。
As is shown in the picture above, a hand is tightly glued to a computer mouse linked to a personal computer by an iron chain. Clearly, the iron chain stands for the control of the computer over the person who indulges himself in the cyberspace. An implication from the picture can be figured out that the personal computer, a high-tech device originally created for saving time and energy so as to benefit humankind, ironically turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people.
The personal computer worthlessly consumes the time of those addicted to it. A survey shows the average time spent on it of those addicted amounts to 16 hours a day. And the minimum continuous time spent on thel computer is 12 hours, while the maximum soars surprisingly to 168 hours—a whole week! Needlessly to say, the computer has eaten up their time for work, for sports and, worse still, their precious time for rest—a natural activity for refreshment to keep the body functioning normally.
The personal computer has also depleted their vigor. In the survey, almost all those computer freaks feel sluggish in their jobs. They have lost their interests in outdoor activities. Some even become so feeble that they sweat when standing for a short while. It seems that they are being burned out by the high-tech monster.
willingking的第三段析評:
What should be done to cope with this severe phenomenon? In the first place, we must advertise more on this subject by mass media, in order to keep folks informed of the harm of abusing computers. In the second place, an education campaign must be launched, particularly among the get-use-to-computers young people. In the third place, the government should pass through relevant laws to limit on-line games. All in all, the whole society should try their best to solve this problem.
總體評語
第三段willinging總體上寫得不錯,提出了具體的解決辦法,呼應了文章的一開始,沒有走題,不錯。問題在于辦法雖多,卻基本上沒有寫清楚為什么可以用這些辦法的理由。這樣一來,辦法的可信度、意義就大打折扣了。
技巧評語
還可以。但還是顯得欠靈活。其實,只需提出一種辦法,說清楚它的好處就可以了。另外,第一句像是湊字數(shù);這一問是不必要的。另外最后一句并沒有能夠圍繞這一段中的前面三個辦法來總述,顯得大而無當。這似乎也是很多初學英語寫作者的通病,喜歡大發(fā)感慨。
語言評語
羅嗦。第一句當刪除。第二in the first place,可改為firstly; 后面的至少可改為we must inform them the harms from abusing computers by the mass media; 所以第一句可以改成,To solve the problem, we must inform them the harms of abusing computers。 后面的類似,不再贅言。總的來說,語言過于追求復雜,使得要點淹沒于眼花繚亂的詞語和句式之中。
關于結尾
結尾部分的主要功能再于呼應主題,使得文章有完整性。至于結尾的方法,多數(shù)寫作教材都有說明。這里不再多說。但有一點還可提醒大家,結尾中該說清楚的地方還是要說清楚的。比如willingking的結尾沒有提出每種辦法的回報會體現(xiàn)在什么地方,因而結尾在細節(jié)方面不太成功。
As is shown in the picture above, a hand is tightly glued to a computer mouse linked to a personal computer by an iron chain. Clearly, the iron chain stands for the control of the computer over the person who indulges himself in the cyberspace. An implication from the picture can be figured out that the personal computer, a high-tech device originally created for saving time and energy so as to benefit humankind, ironically turns out to be a gadget murdering the time and energy of quite some people.
The personal computer worthlessly consumes the time of those addicted to it. A survey shows the average time spent on it of those addicted amounts to 16 hours a day. And the minimum continuous time spent on the personal computer is 12 hours, while the maximum soars surprisingly to 168 hour—a whole week! Needlessly to say, the computer has eaten up their time for work, for sports and, worse still, their precious time for rest—an natural activity for refreshment to keep the body functioning normally.
The personal computer has also depleted their vigor. They survey finds almost all those computer freaks feel sluggish in their jobs as a result of staying too long before the computer. They also have lost their enthusiasms for outdoor activities. Some even become so feeble that they sweat when standing for a short while. It seems that they are being burned out by the high-tech monster.
The sole way for the addicts to restore the proper use of the computer relies on themselves. Only when they have a sound recognition that the computer is but a tool to facilitate their life instead of their master can they develop their self-control. If they can limit their time on using the computer within 6 hours a day, their life will be freed from the trap of the computer and will return to its track.
當然,這篇文章這樣寫還是有“小兒科”之嫌。只不過是將一篇短文寫得有點像而已。如果真要寫有關這一話題的文章,肯定是不會這樣寫的。比如,不才會去探討人們耽溺于電腦空間的心理原因了。然而如果那樣來寫,恐怕會寫得很復雜,不是一篇入門短文的能容納的。