完形填空(一)
宏觀上處理好篇章與空格之間的關(guān)系
完形填空的測(cè)試目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言的綜合能力。完形填空的考試重點(diǎn)是上下文的聯(lián)系和短語結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配關(guān)系。由于考試時(shí)間緊，許多考生在回答這部分題的時(shí)候，往往不顧整個(gè)篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)、大意或文體，一開始就把注意力放在空格選項(xiàng)上，孤立地研究個(gè)選項(xiàng)，這就脫離了文章整體，答題的準(zhǔn)確率也會(huì)大受影響。因此，要做好這部分試題考生首先必須大體理解篇章的主要內(nèi)容、邏輯關(guān)系，從而判斷出作者的意圖及歸納或演繹的思路；另外，考生在答題之前，還要對(duì)文章的文體有所了解，這利于考生根據(jù)不同的文體對(duì)不同的或相近的選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。如文學(xué)材料、科普文章、新聞報(bào)道等由于文體上的不同，它們?cè)谟迷~和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上都有所不同。請(qǐng)看下面例子：
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the
normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, ___1___ do they construct or build any part of
the body. They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance.
There are thirteen or more of them, and if ___3___ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.
1. A. either B. so C. nor D. never
2. A. shifting B. transferring
C. altering D. transforming
3. A. any B. some
C. anything D. something
4. A. serious B. apparent C. severe D. fatal
通讀全文后可知，這是一篇有關(guān)科普知識(shí)的短文，一般來說科普知識(shí)文章以客觀陳述為突出特點(diǎn)，用詞比較正式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較嚴(yán)密，因此在選擇時(shí)要在宏觀上考慮到這些因素。比如第四空，從科學(xué)常識(shí)可知，缺乏任何一種維生素都不至于使疾病嚴(yán)重(serious)、致命(fatal)，故應(yīng)排除選項(xiàng)A和D。severe（嚴(yán)厲的）不能用來修飾疾病。因此，選B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得當(dāng)。另外，完形填空的空格沒有任何一個(gè)是孤立地存在的，必須把它們放在文章的語言環(huán)境中進(jìn)行逐個(gè)推敲，同時(shí)利用自己對(duì)各種材料描寫、陳述內(nèi)容的了解，作出正確選擇。
PART Ⅰ
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if
inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on
your ANSWER SHEET.
The United States is wellknown for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___
and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections,
a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore
, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route.
However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are
not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through
the countryside. ___12___ of these are good twolane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer
and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and
scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
宏觀上處理好篇章與空格之間的關(guān)系
完形填空的測(cè)試目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生運(yùn)用語言的綜合能力。完形填空的考試重點(diǎn)是上下文的聯(lián)系和短語結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配關(guān)系。由于考試時(shí)間緊，許多考生在回答這部分題的時(shí)候，往往不顧整個(gè)篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)、大意或文體，一開始就把注意力放在空格選項(xiàng)上，孤立地研究個(gè)選項(xiàng)，這就脫離了文章整體，答題的準(zhǔn)確率也會(huì)大受影響。因此，要做好這部分試題考生首先必須大體理解篇章的主要內(nèi)容、邏輯關(guān)系，從而判斷出作者的意圖及歸納或演繹的思路；另外，考生在答題之前，還要對(duì)文章的文體有所了解，這利于考生根據(jù)不同的文體對(duì)不同的或相近的選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。如文學(xué)材料、科普文章、新聞報(bào)道等由于文體上的不同，它們?cè)谟迷~和句子結(jié)構(gòu)上都有所不同。請(qǐng)看下面例子：
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the
normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
They do not provide energy, ___1___ do they construct or build any part of
the body. They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance.
There are thirteen or more of them, and if ___3___ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.
1. A. either B. so C. nor D. never
2. A. shifting B. transferring
C. altering D. transforming
3. A. any B. some
C. anything D. something
4. A. serious B. apparent C. severe D. fatal
通讀全文后可知，這是一篇有關(guān)科普知識(shí)的短文，一般來說科普知識(shí)文章以客觀陳述為突出特點(diǎn)，用詞比較正式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較嚴(yán)密，因此在選擇時(shí)要在宏觀上考慮到這些因素。比如第四空，從科學(xué)常識(shí)可知，缺乏任何一種維生素都不至于使疾病嚴(yán)重(serious)、致命(fatal)，故應(yīng)排除選項(xiàng)A和D。severe（嚴(yán)厲的）不能用來修飾疾病。因此，選B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得當(dāng)。另外，完形填空的空格沒有任何一個(gè)是孤立地存在的，必須把它們放在文章的語言環(huán)境中進(jìn)行逐個(gè)推敲，同時(shí)利用自己對(duì)各種材料描寫、陳述內(nèi)容的了解，作出正確選擇。
PART Ⅰ
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if
inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on
your ANSWER SHEET.
The United States is wellknown for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___
and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections,
a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore
, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route.
However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are
not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through
the countryside. ___12___ of these are good twolane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer
and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and
scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate