英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞歸納

字號(hào):

■when 的用法。表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。如:
    The house shook when the trains went by. 火車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)房子會(huì)震動(dòng)。
    When she saw this,she turned red. 她看到這時(shí)臉紅了。
    I played football every day when I was a boy. 我小時(shí)候天天踢足球。
    ■while 的用法。表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。如:
    I’ll take care of him while you are away. 你不在時(shí)我照顧他。
    I met Diana while I Was shopping this morning. 我今早買(mǎi)東西時(shí)碰到了戴安娜。
    While I was waiting for the bus I dropped my purse. 我等公共汽車(chē)時(shí)把錢(qián)包丟了。
    注意:while 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性的,不能是短暫性的。
    ■as 的用法。表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。如:
    He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起來(lái)時(shí),把杯子摔了。
    The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要離開(kāi),電話(huà)鈴就響了起來(lái)。
    ■before 的用法。表示“在……之前”。如:
    I hadn’t waited long before she came. 我沒(méi)等多久她就來(lái)了。
    It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 好久我才又睡著。
    I must finish this letter before I go home. 我必須在回家以前寫(xiě)完這封信。
    ■after 的用法。表示“在之后”:
    She left after they arrived. 她在他們到達(dá)后走了。
    I told them after you (had) left. 你走后我把這事告訴了他們。
    ■until / till 的用法。表示“直到…”:
    He waited till [until] I returned. 他一直等到我回來(lái)。
    Walk till [until] you come to a white house. 走下去,一直走到一座白房子為止。
    這類(lèi)句型的主句動(dòng)詞通常只能是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不能是終止性動(dòng)詞。但在否定句中,則主句動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)構(gòu)成not…until [till]…句式,意為“直到……才”。如:
    He didn’t leave until [till] I came. 直到我來(lái)他才走(來(lái)自 www.zkenglish.com)。
    You cannot leave until your work is finished. 在你的工作沒(méi)完成以前你不能離開(kāi)。
    在否定句中,主句謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞均可,注意含義不同:
    He didn’t leave until I came. 直到我來(lái)他才走。
    He didn’t wait until I came. 他沒(méi)有等到我來(lái)(即在我來(lái)之前就走了)。
    ■since 的用法。表示“自從…”:
    We have known each other since we were children. 我們從小就(相互)認(rèn)識(shí)。
    I haven’t heard from him since he left. 他走之后我還沒(méi)接到過(guò)他的信。
    這類(lèi)句子的主句通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
    ■as soon as 的用法。表示“一…就…”:
    Tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一到就告訴他。
    I shall ring you up as soon as I arrive. 我一到就給你打電話(huà)。
    I抣l let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接到她的信就通知你。
    表示“一…就…”這一意思,除用as soon as外,還可用the moment, the minute等:
    I want to see him the minute [=as soon as] he arrives. 他一到達(dá)我就要見(jiàn)他。