水木GCT英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)大綱—完形第三講

字號(hào):

• Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 1 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 2 and active. When the work is well done, a 3 of accident-free operations is established 4 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
    • Successful safety programs may 5 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 6 rules or regulations. 7 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
    • There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety 8 . The fewer the injury 9 , the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 10 or at a loss.
    •1. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D]with 2. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse 3. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement 4. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless 5. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish 6. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying
    •7. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still 8. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up 9. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations 10. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profit
    •瀏覽全篇我們知道, 文章討論了生產(chǎn)安全和企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的關(guān)系。
    •首段指出了安全計(jì)劃實(shí)施的好可以創(chuàng)造安全的生產(chǎn)氛圍,減少傷害造成的時(shí)間損失。
    •第二段指出成功的安全計(jì)劃側(cè)重點(diǎn)各不相同,然后以舉例展開(kāi)說(shuō)明。
    •第三段闡述了安全計(jì)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。
    II. 考生容易出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題
    •考生容易出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題的主要有兩方面,一是詞匯基礎(chǔ)差,尤其是近義詞辨析能力弱、固定搭配不清楚。二是對(duì)文章缺乏整體理解,只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林。下面就這兩方面作一點(diǎn)說(shuō)明。
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    •1. 詞匯量的擴(kuò)大和語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)
    •語(yǔ)法和詞匯在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中好比磚瓦在建造房屋中的作用,是基礎(chǔ)性的。沒(méi)有這樣的基礎(chǔ),聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)都是空談。完形填空中直接或間接地考查語(yǔ)法詞匯知識(shí)的題目占了大部分。所以掌握足夠的詞匯和基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)是做好完型填空題的保證。那么,怎樣擴(kuò)大詞匯量、掌握好語(yǔ)法知識(shí)呢?
    •1.1 強(qiáng)記法
    •說(shuō)到擴(kuò)大詞匯量,許多人可能首先會(huì)想到手捧大綱詞匯表或懷抱大字典苦讀硬背的情形。強(qiáng)記不失為一種學(xué)習(xí)單詞的方法,尤其是需要短期內(nèi)快速提高詞匯量的時(shí)候。但強(qiáng)記也要講方法。詞匯表或字典中的詞均須定期復(fù)習(xí),開(kāi)始頻率高,比如一周復(fù)習(xí)三次,以后一周一次,半個(gè)月一次,直至完全記住。每次復(fù)習(xí)可將其中未記住的詞抄下來(lái)集中背誦,如此重復(fù),使詞匯表、字典或筆記上的內(nèi)容越來(lái)越少,復(fù)習(xí)效率提高。
    •當(dāng)然,采用強(qiáng)記方法學(xué)單詞比較單調(diào)枯燥,對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是件很苦的事情,更麻煩的是“記得快忘得也快”,而且毫不容易記住的意思在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)往往對(duì)不上。有的人學(xué)單詞只記漢語(yǔ)意思,至于詞性、習(xí)慣搭配、用法和發(fā)音一概不管,到了應(yīng)用時(shí)錯(cuò)誤百出,出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似I against him. She waited me. The boy is very healthful. 的問(wèn)題。有鑒于此,我們認(rèn)為在非萬(wàn)不得已的情況下,單純依賴(lài)強(qiáng)記法學(xué)單詞不可取,這是件危險(xiǎn)的事,因?yàn)檫@種方法一方面記得快忘得快,另一方面,沒(méi)有忘掉卻又未正確掌握的那些詞經(jīng)過(guò)多次重復(fù),將根深蒂固,難以糾正!因此強(qiáng)記法要配合其他方法才能取得滿意的效果。
    •1.2 語(yǔ)義歸納法
    •我們知道,不論是詞匯表還是字典,其排列規(guī)律一般是英文字母順序。這對(duì)于我們記憶來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有多大幫助。但是,如果把詞匯表的排列適當(dāng)?shù)刈兓幌拢闆r就大不一樣了。比如可以把那些詞義相近、屬于同一范疇的詞放在一起。以表示“走”概念的詞為例:walk (行走), creep (潛行), tiptoe (踮著腳走), edge (緩緩移動(dòng)), limp (跛行), shuffle (拖著腳走), trudge (), trot (小跑), pace (踱步), stagger (蹣跚), toddle (幼兒蹣跚學(xué)步), stroll (漫步), stride (大步走)等。將其進(jìn)行比較,便于記起一個(gè)想起一串,又能在日后使用中避免混淆,使得描寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確、生動(dòng)形象。類(lèi)似的可以將大綱中的反義詞歸類(lèi)、上義詞與下義分類(lèi)。這樣既符合記憶規(guī)律又利于在實(shí)際使用中區(qū)別用法。
    •英語(yǔ)詞匯中類(lèi)屬現(xiàn)象普遍,一個(gè)范疇里有很多同類(lèi)詞匯,便于將其歸類(lèi)為屬于某個(gè)一般性詞的具體詞。
    •Plant:
    • tree, bush, vegetable, flower, fruit
    •Vegetable:
    • cabbage, turnip, carrots, onions, garlic,
    • potatoes, cucumber, lettuce, cauliflower,
    • pepper,broccoli, eggplant, mushrooms,
    • tomatoes
    •Break: smash, crack, crash, crush
    如此,可以歸類(lèi)出許多。當(dāng)我們寫(xiě)作中需要對(duì)某個(gè)話題展開(kāi)具體論述、對(duì)某個(gè)事情加以詳細(xì)描述時(shí),就可以選用相應(yīng)的具體詞,而不再為無(wú)話可說(shuō)、語(yǔ)言枯燥煩惱。
    •1.3 構(gòu)詞法
    •1) 合成: icebox = ice + box
    •2) 縮略:ad. = advertisement
    •3) 混合:smog = smoke + fog, motel =
    • motor + hotel, brunch = breakfast + lunch
    •4) 派生:incredible = in + cred + ible (詞綴
    詞根)