3)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞用做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞都可以用做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。其區(qū)別在于不定式表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作,而分詞則表示一個(gè)完整動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。如:
I sawe her get on the tractor and drive it away. 我看見(jiàn)她上了拖拉機(jī)把它開(kāi)走了。
I smelled something burning in the kitchen. 我聞到廚房什么東西有股糊味。
一般而言,能這樣用的動(dòng)詞分為兩類:第一類動(dòng)詞既可后接不定式又可接現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞:接不定式時(shí)表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作;接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,表示一個(gè)完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)過(guò)程;而接過(guò)去分詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)則成為動(dòng)作的承受者。這類動(dòng)詞有:see, hear, make, let, have, watch, feel, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to。如:
I heard somebody sing an English song in the next room.(表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作)
I hear somebody singing an English song in the next room.(表示完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)片段)
I heard an English song being sung in the next room.(表示完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)片段)
I heard an English song sung in the next room.(表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作)
第二類動(dòng)詞一般表示“致使”,要用分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
The sight of the inviting melon in such a hot summer day set me watering.
在這么炎熱的夏天看到那些誘人的西瓜著實(shí)令我口水直流。
You won’t catch me doing that again. 我絕不會(huì)再做那事了。
His remarks left me wondering about his real purpose. 他的一番話禁不住讓我疑惑他的真實(shí)意圖。
The smoke started her coughing. 煙嗆得她直咳嗽。
4)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞用作狀語(yǔ)
根據(jù)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞性的分析,大家知道,動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞同時(shí)還具有副詞的詞性特征,因此能在句子中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
與分詞不同的是,動(dòng)詞不定式在句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因;而分詞做狀語(yǔ)主要表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、目的、伴隨等。
一般判別二者之間的區(qū)別使用是根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)志詞來(lái)確定的,或者說(shuō)用marker來(lái)確定它們。例如,動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的的有in order to, so as to。表示結(jié)果的有:so … as to, such … as to, enough to, too … to等。請(qǐng)看例句:
He shouted so as to be noticed.(目的)
She started early in order to avoid the rushing crowds.(目的)
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bike?(結(jié)果)
He is such a fool as to think that his idle chat can influence others.(結(jié)果)
The boy is old enough to look after himself.(結(jié)果)
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letter.(結(jié)果)
She wept to hear the news.(原因)
I rejoiced to hear that my son had been admitted into the famous university.(原因)
分詞的表現(xiàn)形式是通過(guò)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的句意來(lái)判斷的,但是要請(qǐng)注意,懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是后面主句中的主語(yǔ),檢驗(yàn)的辦法就是用主句的主語(yǔ)很分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還原成一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
① 時(shí)間
Looking up suddenly, Robert saw a rainbow in the sky.
Floating on water, a ship displaces an amount of water equal to its own wweight.
Hearing the news that her son was rescued, she felt greatly relieved.
② 原因
Not knowing how to pronounce the word “plough”, the Frenchman looked up it in a dictionary.
動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞都可以用做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。其區(qū)別在于不定式表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作,而分詞則表示一個(gè)完整動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。如:
I sawe her get on the tractor and drive it away. 我看見(jiàn)她上了拖拉機(jī)把它開(kāi)走了。
I smelled something burning in the kitchen. 我聞到廚房什么東西有股糊味。
一般而言,能這樣用的動(dòng)詞分為兩類:第一類動(dòng)詞既可后接不定式又可接現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞:接不定式時(shí)表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作;接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,表示一個(gè)完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)過(guò)程;而接過(guò)去分詞時(shí),賓語(yǔ)則成為動(dòng)作的承受者。這類動(dòng)詞有:see, hear, make, let, have, watch, feel, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to。如:
I heard somebody sing an English song in the next room.(表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作)
I hear somebody singing an English song in the next room.(表示完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)片段)
I heard an English song being sung in the next room.(表示完整動(dòng)作的一個(gè)片段)
I heard an English song sung in the next room.(表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作)
第二類動(dòng)詞一般表示“致使”,要用分詞做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
The sight of the inviting melon in such a hot summer day set me watering.
在這么炎熱的夏天看到那些誘人的西瓜著實(shí)令我口水直流。
You won’t catch me doing that again. 我絕不會(huì)再做那事了。
His remarks left me wondering about his real purpose. 他的一番話禁不住讓我疑惑他的真實(shí)意圖。
The smoke started her coughing. 煙嗆得她直咳嗽。
4)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞用作狀語(yǔ)
根據(jù)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞性的分析,大家知道,動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞同時(shí)還具有副詞的詞性特征,因此能在句子中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
與分詞不同的是,動(dòng)詞不定式在句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因;而分詞做狀語(yǔ)主要表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、目的、伴隨等。
一般判別二者之間的區(qū)別使用是根據(jù)不同的標(biāo)志詞來(lái)確定的,或者說(shuō)用marker來(lái)確定它們。例如,動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的的有in order to, so as to。表示結(jié)果的有:so … as to, such … as to, enough to, too … to等。請(qǐng)看例句:
He shouted so as to be noticed.(目的)
She started early in order to avoid the rushing crowds.(目的)
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bike?(結(jié)果)
He is such a fool as to think that his idle chat can influence others.(結(jié)果)
The boy is old enough to look after himself.(結(jié)果)
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letter.(結(jié)果)
She wept to hear the news.(原因)
I rejoiced to hear that my son had been admitted into the famous university.(原因)
分詞的表現(xiàn)形式是通過(guò)懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)的句意來(lái)判斷的,但是要請(qǐng)注意,懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是后面主句中的主語(yǔ),檢驗(yàn)的辦法就是用主句的主語(yǔ)很分詞結(jié)構(gòu)還原成一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
① 時(shí)間
Looking up suddenly, Robert saw a rainbow in the sky.
Floating on water, a ship displaces an amount of water equal to its own wweight.
Hearing the news that her son was rescued, she felt greatly relieved.
② 原因
Not knowing how to pronounce the word “plough”, the Frenchman looked up it in a dictionary.