二、非謂語動(dòng)詞考查點(diǎn)
1) 謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷
對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
1. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled
【答案】D
【解析】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語表示原因。
2) 謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇
謂語動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是語法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題點(diǎn)。如：
1. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
【答案】B
【解析】這是一個(gè)帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)前面所講，邏輯主語應(yīng)是一個(gè)帶有形容詞性的物主代詞，其后的動(dòng)詞delay也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞。
3) 做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來看，對(duì)做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇: 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
______ from the outer space, our earth looks like a water-covered ball.
A. Having seen B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having been seen
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語分析，選項(xiàng)A、B、D都不能和主句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯的主謂一致的關(guān)系。惟有選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。
從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：
(1)狀語類別的判斷：不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系：根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式：not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如③。
(4) 獨(dú)立成分：有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
5) 做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
做賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞受謂語動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如：
They are going to have the service man ________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
【答案】A
【解析】have 之后的賓語如果是補(bǔ)足語的發(fā)出者時(shí)，則應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。
6) 做表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
表語的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語形式的選擇，很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是做表語的也就不用考慮。如：
These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.
A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
【答案】A
【解析】分詞做表語可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語，也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語，如go, feel, seem, look, remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。
7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇
to可以是介詞，也可以用來引導(dǎo)不定式，英語各類考試中對(duì)此用法的考查也比較多。如：
The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
【答案】D
【解析】這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)to do something 和 to doing something，這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì)；另一種是to在題干中。
1) 謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷
對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：
1. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled
【答案】D
【解析】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語表示原因。
2) 謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇
謂語動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是語法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題點(diǎn)。如：
1. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make
【答案】B
【解析】這是一個(gè)帶有邏輯主語的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)前面所講，邏輯主語應(yīng)是一個(gè)帶有形容詞性的物主代詞，其后的動(dòng)詞delay也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞。
3) 做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
從近幾年的考查情況來看，對(duì)做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇: 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
______ from the outer space, our earth looks like a water-covered ball.
A. Having seen B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having been seen
【答案】C
【解析】根據(jù)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語分析，選項(xiàng)A、B、D都不能和主句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯的主謂一致的關(guān)系。惟有選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。
從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：
(1)狀語類別的判斷：不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系：根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式：not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如③。
(4) 獨(dú)立成分：有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如: generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。
5) 做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
做賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞受謂語動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如：
They are going to have the service man ________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
【答案】A
【解析】have 之后的賓語如果是補(bǔ)足語的發(fā)出者時(shí)，則應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。
6) 做表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
表語的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語形式的選擇，很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是做表語的也就不用考慮。如：
These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.
A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded
【答案】A
【解析】分詞做表語可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語，也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語，如go, feel, seem, look, remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。
7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇
to可以是介詞，也可以用來引導(dǎo)不定式，英語各類考試中對(duì)此用法的考查也比較多。如：
The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
【答案】D
【解析】這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)to do something 和 to doing something，這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì)；另一種是to在題干中。