二、定語從句
1、定語從句的句法特點(diǎn)及關(guān)系代詞、副詞：
關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that, which, as
關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why
2、關(guān)系代詞的用法
(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears. 所有在場(chǎng)的人都哭了。
(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如：
He is the last person that could have done such a thing. 他絕不是做這種事的人。
(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that, , 作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. 有700萬人參加了這次競(jìng)選，其中大部分都受過良好教育。
(4) 非限制性定語從句中只能用which，可以指代前面的一個(gè)詞，也可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
他比賽獲勝，令他父母十分欣慰。
(5) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which; 若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。
(6) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
3、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。
He came at a time when we needed him most. 他在我們最需要的時(shí)候來了。
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。
I know the reason why she studies so well. 我知道她學(xué)習(xí)好的原因。
This is the room where he put up for the night. 這就是他渡過夜晚的那房子。
另外，that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。
that有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。
Every time (that/when) the telephone rings, he goes nervous.
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
4、限制性和非限制性定語從句
1)限制性定語從句
This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）
2）非限制性定語從句
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
1、定語從句的句法特點(diǎn)及關(guān)系代詞、副詞：
關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that, which, as
關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why
2、關(guān)系代詞的用法
(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears. 所有在場(chǎng)的人都哭了。
(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。例如：
He is the last person that could have done such a thing. 他絕不是做這種事的人。
(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that, , 作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. 有700萬人參加了這次競(jìng)選，其中大部分都受過良好教育。
(4) 非限制性定語從句中只能用which，可以指代前面的一個(gè)詞，也可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
他比賽獲勝，令他父母十分欣慰。
(5) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which; 若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。
(6) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
3、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。
He came at a time when we needed him most. 他在我們最需要的時(shí)候來了。
We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記中華人民共和國成立的那一天。
I know the reason why she studies so well. 我知道她學(xué)習(xí)好的原因。
This is the room where he put up for the night. 這就是他渡過夜晚的那房子。
另外，that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。
that有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。
Every time (that/when) the telephone rings, he goes nervous.
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
4、限制性和非限制性定語從句
1)限制性定語從句
This is the house which we bought last month. 這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）
2）非限制性定語從句
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.