1、名詞、代詞
2、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
3、連接詞、冠詞
4、非謂語動詞
5、虛擬語氣
6、各類從句
7、強調(diào)句型
8、倒裝句
語法單項題
句法
1、各類從句
2、強調(diào)句型
3、倒裝句
動詞
1、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
2、非謂語動詞
3、虛擬語氣
句法基礎(chǔ)知識 (P.45)
一、簡單句 (完整句)
1、主語＋謂語（不及物動詞）
2、主語＋謂語（系動詞） ＋表語
3、主語＋謂語（及物動詞） ＋賓語
4、主語＋謂語（及物動詞） ＋雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）
5、主語＋謂語（及物動詞） ＋復合賓語（賓語和賓語補足語）
二、并列句
and，but，not only… but also， so， for，or, nor
三、復合句
名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句
一、簡單句 (完整句)
1. Slowly, throughout the 20th century, leisure time grew.
2. It hasn’t always been this way.
3. Changes in laws shortened the factory workday.
4. The school gives the children the tools to communicate.
5. Employers find it hard to lay workers off.
二、并列句
1. Think it over again, and you’ll find a way out.
2. Mary is fond of music, but Jim is crazy about sports.
3. Make up your mind, or you’ll miss the chance.
4. I have a class tonight, so I can’t go to the movie with you.
5. The doctor looked tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.
* For he sat up all night with the patient the doctor looked tired and sleepy.(X)
三、復合句—名詞性從句
關(guān)聯(lián)詞語:
What, that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever, whomever , whenever, wherever, whose, which, if
考點:
1. What和that的區(qū)別(P.71 第3題、 第15題)
2. whether和if的區(qū)別（ P.72 第22題）
3.介詞+賓語從句的用法 (P.71 第9題)
4. Who、 whom、 whomever whoever的區(qū)別
(P.71 第10題)
Although there are many predictions about the future，no one knows for sure the world would be like in 50 years．（2004年25題）
A．how B．that C．which D．what
8. Undoubtedly, _______ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the
economy back on its feet.（GCT 2003年）
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. everyone
三、復合句—定語從句
關(guān)聯(lián)詞語：
考點：
1．who，that，which在定語從句中做主語時不能省略。
2. That和which的區(qū)別
3. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別
4. As的用法
1．who，that，which在定語從句中做主語時不能省略。
1. If the work by the end of this month is delayed，the construction company will be heavily fined．(2004年16題)
A. is completed
B. to be completed
C. will have been completed
D. will be completed
2. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants in the wild．(2004年21題)
A. once they grew
B. that once grew
C. they grew once
D.once grew
2. That和which的區(qū)別
That
1.僅用于限定性定語從句。
2.當先行詞前有any，no，some，only，very，all，much，everything，anything，nothing等詞修飾的時候，關(guān)系代詞只能用that；有形容詞和副詞級的時候也只能用that。
3. 既可以指人也可以指物。
Which
1.既可用于限定性定語從句，也可用于非限定性定語從句。
2.當介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用Which做關(guān)系代詞。
3. 只能用來指物。
1. The symbols of mathematics _____ we are most familiar are the signs of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and equality. (2002年)
A. to which B. which C. with which D. in which
2. The parents were much kinder to their youngest child than they were to the others, _____, of course, made the others jealous.
(2003年)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
3. The only thing ______ really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home. (2005年)
A. what B. that C. which D. this
4. The Mona Lisa,___ in Italy, is now in the Louvre, a museum in Paris.(GCT 2004年)
A. who painted
B. who was painted
C. which painted
D. which was painted
3. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別
when，where，why引導的定語從句分別修飾表示時間（day，year，date做先行詞）、地點（the place）、原因（the reason）的先行詞，并且分別在從句中作時間、地點、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞也可以根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞加關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _____.
A．where I'd tike to visit
B．in which I'd like to visit
C．I most want to visit
D．that I want to visit it most
4. As的用法
as引導的非限定性定語從句，as充當主語或者賓語。as代替主句的句意而不代替某一個名詞，則常常與know，see，point out，guess，report和expect等詞連用。在the same… as和such…as的詞組中只能用as，且不可以省略。
1. is often the case with a new idea，much initial activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposal．(2004年19題)
A．It B．Which C．As D．That
2．Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _______ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.
A．in the same way like
B．in the same way which
C．in the same way
D．in the same way as
三、復合句—狀語從句
1、時間狀語從句（before, after, as soon as, until, till, hardly…when, no sooner… than, when, while, the moment, the instant）
2、地點狀語從句（where）
3、原因狀語從句（because, in that, since, as）
4、目的狀語從句（in order that; so that; for fear that; lest; in case）
5、結(jié)果狀語從句（so…that; such…that; ）
6、條件狀語從句（if, even if , unless, as long as, supposing that）
7、讓步狀語從句（though, although, even though, as, while, no matter what/when/how/where/who）
8、比較狀語從句（more…than; as…as; the more…the more）
9、方式狀語從句（as，as if ，as though
1. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting you don’t mind taking the night train.（2003年22題）
A．if B．unless C．though D．until
2. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult， _____ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant．（2002年7題）
A．if B．whenever C．so that D．whereas
３. pollution control measures tend to be money consuming，many industries hesitate to adopt them．(2004年18題)
A．Although B．However C．When D．Since
４. I was speaking to Ann on the phone about our tour plan suddenly we were cut off．(2004年27題)
A．that B．while C．before D．when
５. The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week _____ ATMs are located.(GCT 2004年)
A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
倒裝句
倒裝語序有兩類：全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝:指謂語部分全部提到主語之前。
1.當there，here，then，now等副詞置于句首，且謂語動詞為come，go，be等詞時，句子一般全部倒裝。
Look! Here comes the taxi．
Here are some letters for you to type．
2．當out，in，away，up，bang等方位或擬聲詞置于句首時，句子一般全部倒裝。此類倒裝句比正常語序的句子更生動、形象。 Away flew the bird．
部分倒裝:指謂語的一部分提到主語之前。
1．為避免句子部分內(nèi)容重復，英語中常用倒裝句，即：so (neither，nor) +be動詞(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)+主語。
My father is an engineer；so is my husband．
Jane didn't attend my class yesterday；nor did Torris．
2．具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時，句子一般部分倒裝，即將be動詞、助動詞或
情態(tài)動詞提到主語前。這類詞或短語包括：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，by no means，under no circumstances，in no way，at no time，no sooner．．．(than)，hardly……(when)，not only…(but also)等。
Never has my brother been abroad before，
Hardly had I sat down when l heard someone knocking at the door．
3．a(chǎn)s或though引導的讓步狀語從句常用倒裝。一般將一些形容詞、副詞等置于句首。
Prominent as he is in his field，he remains easygoing．
Wealthy as he is，I don't envy him．
4．當so，only等表示程度或頻率的副詞置于句首時，句子一般倒裝。
So great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover．
Only in this way can we accomplish on time．
5. 虛擬語氣的倒裝
1. _______ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.(2002年)
A. With hard work
B. As regards his hard work
C. Only if he works hard
D. Despite his hard work
2．Not until recent years a popular means of communication．(2004年)
A．e-mail became
B．e-mail has become
C．did e-mail become
D．will e-mail become
3. Scarcely ______ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. (2005年)
A. had he uttered B. did he utter C. he had uttered D. he did utter
強調(diào)句型
1． It is … that…句
2． 謂語動詞前用does, do, did表示強調(diào)
3． It was not until… that…強調(diào)句
15. ______ he realized it was already too late for us to return home.(2002年)
A. No sooner it grew dark when B. Hardly it grew dark when C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark than
32. _______ that saw the trade between the two countries reach its highest point.(2003年)
A. During the 1990’s B. That is was in the 1990’s C. It was in the 1990’s D. It was the 1990’s
動詞相關(guān)語法
動詞的分類
實義動詞 ：及物動詞
不及物動詞
系動詞：be (am, is are), look, become, turn,
go, sound, feel,…
助動詞：助動詞—be, do, have
情態(tài)助動詞—must, can, may, will,
shall, should, could,
might, would, …
三、動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)
語態(tài):
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài): be+動詞的過去分詞
例:Such information can be easily
obtained by a determined hacker.
四、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)的考點歸納
1、完成式/進行式+被動語態(tài)
2、情態(tài)助動詞（must, should）
must do; must have done
should have done 本該做的事沒做
shouldn’t have done本不該做的事而做了
虛擬語氣
一、過去時
1、It’s (high)time that …
It’s time that effective measures were taken to solve the problem of noise pollution in this area.
2、would/had rather (that)…
I’d rather you didn’t take so much money with you.
二、should+動詞原形， should可以省略
1、連接詞 lest，for fear that引起的虛擬從句
2、下列動詞后“that”引導的賓語從句，如：suggest（建議），propose（提議），recommend（建議）等。
3、下列表示主張、要求、命令等概念的名詞后面的“that”引導的同位語從句，這類詞有：order，request，insistence，suggestion， command等。
4、下列表示主張、要求、命令、愿望、建議等概念的主語從句。
（1） it is（was， has been） desired（suggested， requested，ordered，proposed，decided）that…。
（2）It is necessary（ important，urgent，advisable，proper等） that…
三、虛擬條件句（非真實條件句 ）
1、if從句2、as if /as though
3、if only
4、otherwise
非謂語動詞
一、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的區(qū)別
1、主動與被動的區(qū)別
過去分詞：被動的；已完成的
2、做狀語時的區(qū)別
不定式：通常只做目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語
3、做定語時的區(qū)別
4、做表語時的區(qū)別
二、不定式、動名詞的區(qū)別
2、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
3、連接詞、冠詞
4、非謂語動詞
5、虛擬語氣
6、各類從句
7、強調(diào)句型
8、倒裝句
語法單項題
句法
1、各類從句
2、強調(diào)句型
3、倒裝句
動詞
1、動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
2、非謂語動詞
3、虛擬語氣
句法基礎(chǔ)知識 (P.45)
一、簡單句 (完整句)
1、主語＋謂語（不及物動詞）
2、主語＋謂語（系動詞） ＋表語
3、主語＋謂語（及物動詞） ＋賓語
4、主語＋謂語（及物動詞） ＋雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）
5、主語＋謂語（及物動詞） ＋復合賓語（賓語和賓語補足語）
二、并列句
and，but，not only… but also， so， for，or, nor
三、復合句
名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句
一、簡單句 (完整句)
1. Slowly, throughout the 20th century, leisure time grew.
2. It hasn’t always been this way.
3. Changes in laws shortened the factory workday.
4. The school gives the children the tools to communicate.
5. Employers find it hard to lay workers off.
二、并列句
1. Think it over again, and you’ll find a way out.
2. Mary is fond of music, but Jim is crazy about sports.
3. Make up your mind, or you’ll miss the chance.
4. I have a class tonight, so I can’t go to the movie with you.
5. The doctor looked tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.
* For he sat up all night with the patient the doctor looked tired and sleepy.(X)
三、復合句—名詞性從句
關(guān)聯(lián)詞語:
What, that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever, whomever , whenever, wherever, whose, which, if
考點:
1. What和that的區(qū)別(P.71 第3題、 第15題)
2. whether和if的區(qū)別（ P.72 第22題）
3.介詞+賓語從句的用法 (P.71 第9題)
4. Who、 whom、 whomever whoever的區(qū)別
(P.71 第10題)
Although there are many predictions about the future，no one knows for sure the world would be like in 50 years．（2004年25題）
A．how B．that C．which D．what
8. Undoubtedly, _______ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the
economy back on its feet.（GCT 2003年）
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. everyone
三、復合句—定語從句
關(guān)聯(lián)詞語：
考點：
1．who，that，which在定語從句中做主語時不能省略。
2. That和which的區(qū)別
3. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別
4. As的用法
1．who，that，which在定語從句中做主語時不能省略。
1. If the work by the end of this month is delayed，the construction company will be heavily fined．(2004年16題)
A. is completed
B. to be completed
C. will have been completed
D. will be completed
2. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants in the wild．(2004年21題)
A. once they grew
B. that once grew
C. they grew once
D.once grew
2. That和which的區(qū)別
That
1.僅用于限定性定語從句。
2.當先行詞前有any，no，some，only，very，all，much，everything，anything，nothing等詞修飾的時候，關(guān)系代詞只能用that；有形容詞和副詞級的時候也只能用that。
3. 既可以指人也可以指物。
Which
1.既可用于限定性定語從句，也可用于非限定性定語從句。
2.當介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時,只能用Which做關(guān)系代詞。
3. 只能用來指物。
1. The symbols of mathematics _____ we are most familiar are the signs of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and equality. (2002年)
A. to which B. which C. with which D. in which
2. The parents were much kinder to their youngest child than they were to the others, _____, of course, made the others jealous.
(2003年)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
3. The only thing ______ really matters to the parents is how soon their children can return home. (2005年)
A. what B. that C. which D. this
4. The Mona Lisa,___ in Italy, is now in the Louvre, a museum in Paris.(GCT 2004年)
A. who painted
B. who was painted
C. which painted
D. which was painted
3. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別
when，where，why引導的定語從句分別修飾表示時間（day，year，date做先行詞）、地點（the place）、原因（the reason）的先行詞，并且分別在從句中作時間、地點、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞也可以根據(jù)其在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞加關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. I've never been to Beijing, but it's the place _____.
A．where I'd tike to visit
B．in which I'd like to visit
C．I most want to visit
D．that I want to visit it most
4. As的用法
as引導的非限定性定語從句，as充當主語或者賓語。as代替主句的句意而不代替某一個名詞，則常常與know，see，point out，guess，report和expect等詞連用。在the same… as和such…as的詞組中只能用as，且不可以省略。
1. is often the case with a new idea，much initial activity and optimistic discussion produce no concrete proposal．(2004年19題)
A．It B．Which C．As D．That
2．Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _______ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.
A．in the same way like
B．in the same way which
C．in the same way
D．in the same way as
三、復合句—狀語從句
1、時間狀語從句（before, after, as soon as, until, till, hardly…when, no sooner… than, when, while, the moment, the instant）
2、地點狀語從句（where）
3、原因狀語從句（because, in that, since, as）
4、目的狀語從句（in order that; so that; for fear that; lest; in case）
5、結(jié)果狀語從句（so…that; such…that; ）
6、條件狀語從句（if, even if , unless, as long as, supposing that）
7、讓步狀語從句（though, although, even though, as, while, no matter what/when/how/where/who）
8、比較狀語從句（more…than; as…as; the more…the more）
9、方式狀語從句（as，as if ，as though
1. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting you don’t mind taking the night train.（2003年22題）
A．if B．unless C．though D．until
2. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult， _____ he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant．（2002年7題）
A．if B．whenever C．so that D．whereas
３. pollution control measures tend to be money consuming，many industries hesitate to adopt them．(2004年18題)
A．Although B．However C．When D．Since
４. I was speaking to Ann on the phone about our tour plan suddenly we were cut off．(2004年27題)
A．that B．while C．before D．when
５. The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week _____ ATMs are located.(GCT 2004年)
A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
倒裝句
倒裝語序有兩類：全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝:指謂語部分全部提到主語之前。
1.當there，here，then，now等副詞置于句首，且謂語動詞為come，go，be等詞時，句子一般全部倒裝。
Look! Here comes the taxi．
Here are some letters for you to type．
2．當out，in，away，up，bang等方位或擬聲詞置于句首時，句子一般全部倒裝。此類倒裝句比正常語序的句子更生動、形象。 Away flew the bird．
部分倒裝:指謂語的一部分提到主語之前。
1．為避免句子部分內(nèi)容重復，英語中常用倒裝句，即：so (neither，nor) +be動詞(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)+主語。
My father is an engineer；so is my husband．
Jane didn't attend my class yesterday；nor did Torris．
2．具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時，句子一般部分倒裝，即將be動詞、助動詞或
情態(tài)動詞提到主語前。這類詞或短語包括：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，scarcely，by no means，under no circumstances，in no way，at no time，no sooner．．．(than)，hardly……(when)，not only…(but also)等。
Never has my brother been abroad before，
Hardly had I sat down when l heard someone knocking at the door．
3．a(chǎn)s或though引導的讓步狀語從句常用倒裝。一般將一些形容詞、副詞等置于句首。
Prominent as he is in his field，he remains easygoing．
Wealthy as he is，I don't envy him．
4．當so，only等表示程度或頻率的副詞置于句首時，句子一般倒裝。
So great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover．
Only in this way can we accomplish on time．
5. 虛擬語氣的倒裝
1. _______ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.(2002年)
A. With hard work
B. As regards his hard work
C. Only if he works hard
D. Despite his hard work
2．Not until recent years a popular means of communication．(2004年)
A．e-mail became
B．e-mail has become
C．did e-mail become
D．will e-mail become
3. Scarcely ______ those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. (2005年)
A. had he uttered B. did he utter C. he had uttered D. he did utter
強調(diào)句型
1． It is … that…句
2． 謂語動詞前用does, do, did表示強調(diào)
3． It was not until… that…強調(diào)句
15. ______ he realized it was already too late for us to return home.(2002年)
A. No sooner it grew dark when B. Hardly it grew dark when C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark than
32. _______ that saw the trade between the two countries reach its highest point.(2003年)
A. During the 1990’s B. That is was in the 1990’s C. It was in the 1990’s D. It was the 1990’s
動詞相關(guān)語法
動詞的分類
實義動詞 ：及物動詞
不及物動詞
系動詞：be (am, is are), look, become, turn,
go, sound, feel,…
助動詞：助動詞—be, do, have
情態(tài)助動詞—must, can, may, will,
shall, should, could,
might, would, …
三、動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)
語態(tài):
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài): be+動詞的過去分詞
例:Such information can be easily
obtained by a determined hacker.
四、動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)的考點歸納
1、完成式/進行式+被動語態(tài)
2、情態(tài)助動詞（must, should）
must do; must have done
should have done 本該做的事沒做
shouldn’t have done本不該做的事而做了
虛擬語氣
一、過去時
1、It’s (high)time that …
It’s time that effective measures were taken to solve the problem of noise pollution in this area.
2、would/had rather (that)…
I’d rather you didn’t take so much money with you.
二、should+動詞原形， should可以省略
1、連接詞 lest，for fear that引起的虛擬從句
2、下列動詞后“that”引導的賓語從句，如：suggest（建議），propose（提議），recommend（建議）等。
3、下列表示主張、要求、命令等概念的名詞后面的“that”引導的同位語從句，這類詞有：order，request，insistence，suggestion， command等。
4、下列表示主張、要求、命令、愿望、建議等概念的主語從句。
（1） it is（was， has been） desired（suggested， requested，ordered，proposed，decided）that…。
（2）It is necessary（ important，urgent，advisable，proper等） that…
三、虛擬條件句（非真實條件句 ）
1、if從句2、as if /as though
3、if only
4、otherwise
非謂語動詞
一、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的區(qū)別
1、主動與被動的區(qū)別
過去分詞：被動的；已完成的
2、做狀語時的區(qū)別
不定式：通常只做目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語
3、做定語時的區(qū)別
4、做表語時的區(qū)別
二、不定式、動名詞的區(qū)別